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Sedimentology is the branch of geology primarily concerned with understanding the characteristics of sediments, sedimentary processes and sedimentary rocks originally deposited in sedimentary basins. Geology (from Greek γη- (ge-, the earth) and λογος (logos, word, reason)) is the science and study of the Earth, its composition, structure, physical properties, history and the processes that shape it. ...
Two types of sedimentary rock: limey shale overlaid by limestone. ...
The term sedimentary basin is used to refer to any geographical feature exhibiting subsidence and consequent infilling by sedimentation. ...
Sedimentary rocks cover most of the Earth's surface, record much of the Earth's history, and harbor the fossil record. Sedimentology is closely linked to stratigraphy, the study of the physical and temporal relationships between rock layers or strata. Earth, also known as Terra, and Tellus mostly in the 19th century, is the third-closest planet to the Sun. ...
Ever since recorded history began, and probably before, people have found pieces of rock and other hard material with indentations from the remains of dead organisms. ...
Stratigraphy, a branch of geology, is basically the study of rock layers and layering (stratification). ...
This article is about the geologic use of the term, for other uses see Stratum (disambiguation) Interstate road cut through limestone and shale strata in eastern Tennessee In geology and related fields, a stratum (plural: strata) is a layer of rock or soil with internally consistent characteristics that distinguishes it...
Sedimentology encompasses the study of modern sediments and the processes that deposit those sediments. It also compares these observations to studies of ancient sedimentary rocks. Sedimentologists apply their understanding of modern processes to historically formed sedimentary rocks, allowing them to understand how they formed. Sediment is any particulate matter that can be transported by fluid flow and which eventually is deposited as a layer of solid particles on the bed or bottom of a body of water or other liquid. ...
Uniformitarian geology, the premise that the processes affecting the earth today are the same as in the past, is the basis for determining how sedimentary features in the rock record were formed. By finding similar features today- sand dunes in the Sahara, or Great Sand Dunes National Park near Alamosa, Colorado, U.S.A., the ancient sandstones, for example the Wingate Sandstone of Utah and Arizona of the southwest U. S. A. can be determined to have formed from eolian (wind) deposition. Within scientific philosophy, uniformitarianism is the principle in which one assumes that the same processes that shaped the Universe occurred then as they do now, unless there is good evidence otherwise. ...
This article is about the sand formations, for other meanings see Dune (disambiguation) Mesquite Flat Dunes in Death Valley National Park In physical geography, a dune is a hill of sand built by eolian (wind-related) processes. ...
Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve became a United States national park on September 13, 2004. ...
Alamosa is a city located in Alamosa County, Colorado. ...
Official language(s) English Capital Salt Lake City Largest city Salt Lake City Area - Total - Width - Length - % water - Latitude - Longitude Ranked 13th 219,887 km² 435 km 565 km 3. ...
State nickname: The Grand Canyon State, The Copper State Official languages English Capital Phoenix Largest city Phoenix Governor Janet Napolitano (D) Senators John McCain (R) Jon Kyl (R) Area - Total - % water Ranked 6th 295,254 km² 0. ...
Motto: E pluribus unum (1789 to 1956) (Latin: Out of Many, One) In God We Trust (1956 to present) Anthem: The Star-Spangled Banner Capital Washington, D.C. Largest city New York City Official language(s) None at federal level; English de facto Government • President • Vice President Federal republic George...
Eolian (or aeolian) processes pertain to the activity of the winds. ...
Sedimentary rock types There are three primary types of sedimentary rocks: clastics, carbonates, and evaporites. Clastics rocks are composed of particles derived from the weathering and erosion of precursor rocks and generally consist primarily of silicate minerals. Carbonates are composed of various carbonate minerals (most often calcium carbonate (CaCO3) precipitated by a variety of organic and inorganic processes. Evaporites are formed through the evaporation of saline waters and are composed of one or more salt minerals, such as halite or gypsum. Two types of sedimentary rock: limey shale overlaid by limestone. ...
Weathering is the process of decomposition and/or disintegration of rocks, soils and their minerals through natural, chemical, and biological processes. ...
Severe soil erosion in a wheat field near Washington State University, USA. Erosion is the displacement of solids (soil, mud, rock, and other particles) by the agents of wind, water, ice, movement in response to gravity, or living organisms (in the case of bioerosion). ...
The silicate minerals make up the the largest and most important class of rock-forming minerals. ...
Carbonate rocks are a class of sedimentary rocks composed primarily of carbonate minerals. ...
Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ...
Calcium carbonate is a chemical compound, with chemical formula CaCO3. ...
Evaporites are water-soluble, mineral sediments that result from the evaporation of saline water. ...
Halite is the mineral of sodium chloride, NaCl, commonly known as rock salt. ...
Gypsum is a very soft mineral composed of calcium sulfate dihydrate, with the chemical formula CaSO4·2H2O. // Chemical structure Gypsum from New South Wales, Australia Heating gypsum above approximately 150°C (302°F) partially dehydrates the mineral by driving off exactly 75% of the water contained in its chemical structure. ...
Importance of sedimentary rocks One of the primary reasons for the study of sedimentary rocks is petroleum. The vast majority of petroleum production to date has come from sedimentary rocks. Understanding sedimentary rocks and their variability is an enormously important issue for those involved in petroleum exploration and production. Nodding donkey pumping an oil well near Sarnia, Ontario Petroleum (from Greek petra – rock and oleum – oil or Latin petra – rock and oleum – oil ), crude oil, sometimes colloquially called black gold, is a thick, dark brown or greenish liquid. ...
In addition, sedimentary rocks contain a large proportion of the worlds groundwater aquifers. Our understanding of the extent of these aquifers and how much water can be withdrawn from them depends critically on our knowledge of the rocks that hold them (the reservoir). Groundwater is water which may be flowing within aquifers below the water table. ...
An aquifer is an underground layer of water-bearing permeable rock, or permeable mixtures of unconsolidated materials (gravel, sand, silt, or clay) (see also groundwater). ...
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