Frame language is a metalanguage. It applies the frame concept to the structuring of language properties. Frame languages are usually software languages. Metalanguage in linguistics is a language used to make statements about language (the object language). ... Computer code (HTML with JavaScript) in a tool that uses syntax highlighting (colors) to help the developer see the purpose of each piece of code. ...

Frame languages are rather focused on the recognition and description of objects and classes, and relations and interactions are considered as "secondary". In computer science, object-oriented programming, OOP for short, is a computer programming paradigm. ... Look up Relation in Wiktionary, the free dictionary In mathematics, a relation is a generalization of arithmetic relations, such as = and <, which occur in statements, such as 5 < 6 or 2 + 2 = 4. See relation (mathematics), binary relation (of set theory and logic) and relational algebra. ...

In general, "frame" in this context means "something that can be/(has to be) fulfilled". In such sense, for example: Object-oriented programming languages are frame languages, but also every grammar is a frame language. In specific contexts, the authors of computer languages use the term "frame" arbitrarily and frequently intuitively, and in a metaphoric sense. A frame or framework is a structural skeleton, which supports the other components of the object. ... An object-oriented programming language (also called an OO language) is one that allows or encourages, to some degree, object-oriented programming methods. ... Grammar is the study of rules governing the use of language. ... In language, a metaphor (from the Greek: metapherin) is a rhetorical trope defined as a direct comparison between two seemingly unrelated subjects. ...

In the field of Artificial Intelligence, a frame is a data structure introduced by Marvin Minsky in the 1970s that can be used for knowledge representation. Roughly similar to the object-oriented paradigm, they represent classes (called frames) with certain properties called attributes or slots whereas they do not have methods. Frames are thus a machine-usable formalization of concepts or schemata. Hondas intelligent humanoid robot AI redirects here. ... A binary tree, a simple type of branching linked data structure. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... The 1970s decade refers to the years from 1970 to 1979, inclusive. ... Knowledge representation is needed for library classification and for processing concepts in an information system. ... Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a computer programming paradigm in which a software system is modeled as a set of objects that interact with each other. ... In object-oriented programming, classes are used to group related variables and functions. ... A concept is an abstract, idea, notion, or entity that serves to designate a category or class of entities, events, phenomena or relations between them. ... In psychology and cognitive science, a schema is a mental structure that represents some aspect of the world. ...

Like many other knowledge representation systems and languages, frames are an attempt to resemble the way human beings are storing knowledge. It seems like we are storing our knowledge in rather large chunks, and that different chunks are highly interconnected. In frame-based knowledge representations knowledge describing a particular concept is organized as a frame. The frame usually contains a name and a set of slots.

The slots describe the frame with attribute-value pairs <slotname value> or alternatively a triple containing framename, slotname and value in some order. In many frame systems the slots are complex structures that have facets describing the properties of the slot. The value of a slot may be a primitive such as a text string or an integer, or it may be another frame. Most systems allow multiple values for slots and some systems support procedural attachments. These attachments can be used to compute the slot value, or they can be triggers used to make consistency checking or updates of other slots. The triggers can be trigged by updates on slots.

Inference and reasoning

In most frame-based knowledge representations, inheritance is the central inference mechanism. The frames are organized as a hierarchy with some general concept as the root frame. Many systems support multiple inheritance. In these systems the tree structure can look more like a directed graph with possible cycles. Knowledge representation is needed for library classification and for processing concepts in an information system. ... Inheritance is the practice of passing on property, titles, debts, and obligations upon the death of an individual. ... Inference is the act or process of drawing a conclusion based solely on what one already knows. ... For the various types of hierarchy, see hierarchy (disambiguation) A hierarchy (in Greek: Ιεραρχία, it is derived from ιερός-hieros, sacred, and άρχω-arkho, rule) is a system of ranking and organizing things or people, where each element of the system (except for the top element) is subordinate to a single other element. ... A concept is an abstract, idea, notion, or entity that serves to designate a category or class of entities, events, phenomena or relations between them. ... Some object-oriented programming languages (e. ... This article just presents the basic definitions. ...

Reasoning in frame-systems are frame matching, inheritance and spreading activation. Reasoning is the act of using reason to derive a conclusion from certain premises. ... Dheeraj Gedam This article is about mathematical matchings. ...

Implementations

One example of frame- or frame based- languages are OIL and F-logic. Natural olive oil Synthetic motor oil Oil is a generic term for a chemical compound that is not miscible with water, and is in its liquid state at common ambient temperatures. ...

A famous editor for frame-based ontologies is Protégé. Ontology editors are applications designed to assist in the creation or manipulation of ontologies. ... In computer science, an ontology is a data model that represents a domain and is used to reason about the objects in that domain and the relations between them. ...

References

Marvin Minsky, A Framework for Representing Knowledge, in: Patrick Henry Winston (ed.), The Psychology of Computer Vision. McGraw-Hill, New York (U.S.A.), 1975. Computer vision is the study and application of methods which allow computers to understand image content or content of multidimensional data in general. ...

See also

• Frame problem
• first-order logic

In artificial intelligence, the frame problem has a number of possible formulations. ... It has been suggested that Predicate calculus be merged into this article or section. ...

External links

• http://hopl.murdoch.edu.au/showlanguage.prx?exp=6540&language=Frames
• Frame-Based Systems
• The Generic Frame Protocol
• The Protégé Ontology Editor