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Philippines

This article is part of the series: Politics and government of the Philippines Politics, sometimes defined as the art and science of government. ... Coat of arms of the Republic of the Philippines. ... The Philippines has a representative democracy modeled on the United States system. ...

Political history Constitution Republic Acts President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo Vice-President Noli de Castro Executive departments Congress of the Philippines Senate House of Representatives Ombudsman Supreme Court Political parties Elections in the Philippines Commission on Elections 2004 | 2001 | 1998 | 1995 1992 | 1986 | 1984 | 1981 1978 | 1969 | 1965 | 1961 1957 | 1953 | 1949 | 1946 1941 | 1935 2006 state of emergency Foreign relations

Politics of the Philippines Filipino War for Independence Andres Bonifacio Emilio Aguinaldo Commonwealth of the Philippines Quezon, Manuel L. National Defense Act of 1935 Sergio Osmena Manuel Roxas Elpidio Quirino Ramon Magsaysay Diosdado Macapagal Ferdinand Marcos Imelda Marcos Benigno Aquino, Jr. ... Republic Acts are laws in the Philippines, created by the Congress and signed by the president. ... Seal of the President of the Philippines The President of the Philippines is the head of state and of the government of the Republic of the Philippines. ... Gloria Macaraeg Macapagal-Arroyo (born April 5, 1947) is the 14th and current president of the Philippines. ... The Vice President of the Philippines is the second highest executive official of the Philippine government. ... Manuel Noli de Castro, Jr. ... The Executive Departments of the Philippines is the largest component of the national executive branch of the government of the Philippines. ... Philippine Congress Session Hall The legislative power is vested in Congress, which consists of the Senate and the House of Representatives. ... The House of Representatives (Kapulungan ng mga Kinatawan in Filipino) is the lower chamber of the Congress of the Philippines. ... The Philippine Ombudsman is an ombudsman responsible for investigating and prosecuting government officials in the Philippines who are allegedly guilty of crimes. ... The Supreme Court of the Philippines is the countrys highest judicial court, as well as the court of last resort. ... Political parties in Philippines lists political parties in Philippines. ... Elections in Philippines gives information on election and election results in Philippines. ... The Commission on Elections of the Philippines, or more commonly known as Comelec is an independent government body responsible for running elections in the countrys democratic government. ... Presidential elections, legislative elections and local elections were held in the Philippines on May 10, 2004. ... Legislative elections and local elections were held in the Philippines on May 14, 2001. ... Presidential elections, legislative elections and local elections were held in the Philippines on May 11, 1998. ... Legislative elections and local elections were held in the Philippines on May 8, 1995. ... Presidential elections, legislative elections and local elections were held in the Philippines on May 11, 1992. ... Presidential and vice-presidential snap elections were held on February 7, 1986 in the Philippines. ... Presidential elections and parliamentary elections were held on June 16, 1981 in the Philippines. ... Presidential, legislative and local elections were held on November 11, 1969 in the Philippines. ... Presidential, legislative and local elections were held on November 19, 1965 in the Philippines. ... Presidential, legislative and local elections were held on November 14, 1961 in the Philippines. ... Presidential, legislative and local elections were held on November 12, 1957 in the Philippines. ... Presidential, legislative and local elections were held on November 10, 1953 in the Philippines. ... Presidential, legislative and local elections were held on November 8, 1949 in the Philippines. ... Presidential and legislative elections were held on April 23, 1946 in the Philippines. ... Presidential and legislative elections were held on November 11, 1941 in the Philippines. ... The first Presidential election of the Commonwealth of the Philippines was held on September 16, 1935 in the Philippines. ... The Philippines is currently under a state of emergency, announced by presidential spokeperson Ignacio Bunye on the morning of February 24, 2006. ... PHILIPPINES RELATION WITH OTHER COUNTRIES The Philippines cultivates constructive relations with its Asian neighbors, with whom it is linked through membership in ASEAN, the ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF), and the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) forum. ...

The Senate of the Philippines is the upper chamber of the bicameral legislature of the Philippines, the Congress of the Philippines. Unlike the U.S. Senate, the Philippine Senate is composed of 24 senators who do not represent any particular geographical district. A legislature is a governmental deliberative assembly with the power to adopt laws. ... Philippine Congress Session Hall The legislative power is vested in Congress, which consists of the Senate and the House of Representatives. ... Seal of the Senate The United States Senate is one of the two chambers of the Congress of the United States, the other being the House of Representatives. ...

Senators serve 6-year terms, with half of the senators elected every 3 years. This way, the Senate is a continuous body. The first elections held for the current senate was in 1992. In that election, the top 12 senators served until 1998, while the bottom 12 served until 1995 only. Thereafter, each senator elected serves the full 6 years. 1992 (MCMXCII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday. ... 1998 (MCMXCVIII) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated the International Year of the Ocean. ... 1995 (MCMXCV) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

The Senate is the only body authorized to ratify treaties. A treaty is a binding agreement under international law concluded by subjects of international law, namely states and international organizations. ...

History of the Senate

From 1907-1916, the Philippine Commission headed by the U.S. Governor-General served as the upper chamber of the colonial legislature at the same time exercised executive powers. On August 29, 1916 the United States Congress enacted the "Philippine Autonomy Act" or popularly known as the "Jones Law" which paved the way for the creation of a bicameral Philippine Congress wherein the Senate served as the upper chamber and while the House of Representatives as the lower chamber of it. Image File history File links Philippine_senate. ... Governor-General (or Governor General) is a term used both historically and currently to designate the appointed representative of a head of state or their government for a particular territory, historically in a colonial context, but no longer necessarily in that form. ... Congress in Joint Session. ...

This setup continued until 1935, when the "Philippine Independence Act" or the "Tydings-McDuffie Act" was provided by the U.S. Congress which granted the Filipinos the right to frame their own constitution in preparation for their independence, wherein they established a unicameral National Assembly, effectively abolishing the Senate. Not long after the adoption of the 1935 Constitution several amendments were introduced into it, which included restoring the Senate as the upper chamber of Congress. The Senate served as the upper chamber of Congress from thereon until the declaration of martial law of Pres. Ferdinand Marcos in 1972 which shutdown Congress. The Senate was resurrected in 1987 upon the ratification of the 1987 Constitution. The Congress of the United States is the legislative branch of the federal government of the United States of America. ... Martial law is the system of rules that takes effect (usually after a formal declaration) when a military authority takes control of the normal administration of justice. ... Ferdinand Edralín Marcos (September 11, 1917 – September 28, 1989) was the tenth president of the Philippines, serving from 1965 to 1986. ...

From 1916 to 1935, the Philippines was divided into 12 Senatorial districts, each district grouped several provinces and each elected 2 senators except for "non-Christian" provinces where the U.S. Governor-General appointed the senators for the district, but this was discontinued in 1941 when the Senate was reestablished, wherein all senators were started to be elected nationally.

Structure of the Senate

Senate President, Senate President Pro-Tempore, Majority Floor Leader, Minority Floor Leader, ...

List of Senate Presidents

U.S. Colonial Administration

• 1916-1935 Manuel Luis Quezon

Commonwealth Manuel Luis Quezon y Molina (August 19, 1878 – August 1, 1944) was the first president of the Commonwealth of the Philippines. ...

• 1945-1946 Manuel Roxas

Third Republic Manuel Acuña Roxas (January 1, 1892—April 15, 1948) was the first president of the independent Republic of the Philippines. ...

• 1946-1949 Jose Avelino
• 1949-1951 Mariano Jesus Cuenco
• 1952-1952 Quintin Paredes
• 1952-1952 Camilo Osias
• 1952-1953 Eulogio Rodriguez
• 1953-1953 Jose C. Zulueta
• 1953-1963 Eulogio Rodriguez
• 1963-1965 Ferdinand E. Marcos
• 1966-1967 Arturo M. Tolentino
• 1967-1972 Gil J. Puyat

Fifth Republic Biography Image:Mjcuenco. ... Ferdinand Edralín Marcos (September 11, 1917 – September 28, 1989) was the tenth president of the Philippines, serving from 1965 to 1986. ... Arturo M. Tolentino Arturo M. Tolentino (September 19, 1910 – August 2, 2004) was a prominent political figure in the Philippines. ...

• 1987-1992 Jovito R. Salonga (LP)
• 1992-1993 Neptali A. Gonzales (LDP)
• 1993-1995 Edgardo J. Angara (LDP)
• 1995-1996 Neptali A. Gonzales (LDP)
• 1996-1998 Ernesto M. Maceda (NPC)
• 1998-1998 Neptali A. Gonzales (LDP)
• 1998-1999 Marcelo B. Fernan (LDP)
• 1999-2000 Blas F. Ople (LAMP)
• 2000-2000 Franklin M. Drilon (LP)
• 2000-2001 Aquilino Q. Pimentel, Jr. (PDP-Laban)
• 2001-pres Franklin M. Drilon (LP)

Jovito R. Salonga also known as Ka Jovy Born poor in a remote barrio in Pasig City on June 22, 1920. ... The Liberal Party is a liberal party in the Philippines, founded in 1945 by a breakaway from the Nacionalista Party. ... The Laban ñg Demokratikong Pilipino (Struggle for Democratic Filipinos) is a political party in the Philippines. ... Edgardo Angara (born September 24, 1934) is a politician in the Philippines. ... The Laban ñg Demokratikong Pilipino (Struggle for Democratic Filipinos) is a political party in the Philippines. ... The Laban ñg Demokratikong Pilipino (Struggle for Democratic Filipinos) is a political party in the Philippines. ... The Nationalist Peoples Coalition is a political party in the Philippines. ... The Laban ñg Demokratikong Pilipino (Struggle for Democratic Filipinos) is a political party in the Philippines. ... Marcelo Briones Fernan (October 24, 1927–July 11, 1999) was a Filipino lawyer and political figure. ... The Laban ñg Demokratikong Pilipino (Struggle for Democratic Filipinos) is a political party in the Philippines. ... Blas F. Ople (February 3, 1927 – December 14, 2003) was a Filipino political figure. ... Partido ng Masang Pilipino (Party of the Filipino Masses) was the political party of former Philippine President Joseph Estrada merged with other political parties to create Laban ng Makabayang Masang Pilipino or LAMMP (Struggle of the Patriotic Filipino Masses) in the 1998 Presidential Elections. ... Franklin Drilon Franklin M. Drilon is the current Senate President and third highest ranking official of the Philippines. ... The Liberal Party is a liberal party in the Philippines, founded in 1945 by a breakaway from the Nacionalista Party. ... Media:Example. ... The Partido Demokratikong Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan (Philippines Democratic Party-National Struggle) is a political party in the Philippines. ... Franklin Drilon Franklin M. Drilon is the current Senate President and third highest ranking official of the Philippines. ... The Liberal Party is a liberal party in the Philippines, founded in 1945 by a breakaway from the Nacionalista Party. ...

Famous Senators

• Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo, current Philippine president
• Benigno Aquino Jr., Marcos opposition leader and husband of Philippine President Corazon Aquino.
• Joseph Estrada, former Philippine president
• Raul Manglapus, former Minister of Foreign Affairs and former presidential candidate
• Ferdinand Marcos, former Philippine president
• Blas Ople, former Director-General of the International Labour Organization (ILO) and former Secretary of Foreign Affairs
• Aquilino Pimentel, Jr., activist and current Senator
• Gil Puyat, statesman
• Jovito Salonga, Marcos opposition leader
• Lorenzo Tañada, statesman
• Arturo Tolentino, former Philippine vice-president
• Manuel Villar, current senator
• Claro M. Recto, former senator
• Miriam Defensor-Santiago, former presidential candidate and current senator.
• Fermin Torralba, prominant Visayan senator during the Early Philippine Republic.

Gloria Macaraeg Macapagal-Arroyo (born April 5, 1947) is the 14th and current president of the Philippines. ... Benigno Ninoy Simeon Aquino Jr. ... María Corazón Sumulong Cojuangco Aquino (born January 25, 1933), widely known as Cory Aquino, was President of the Philippines from 1986 to 1992. ... José Marcelo Ejército a. ... Raul Manglapus (1918-1999) - Co-founder of the reformist Progressive Party of the Philippines. ... Ferdinand Edralín Marcos (September 11, 1917 – September 28, 1989) was the tenth president of the Philippines, serving from 1965 to 1986. ... Blas F. Ople (February 3, 1927 – December 14, 2003) was a Filipino political figure. ... For other meanings of the ILO abbreviation, see ILO (disambiguation). ... Media:Example. ... Jovito R. Salonga also known as Ka Jovy Born poor in a remote barrio in Pasig, Rizal on June 22, 1920. ... Arturo M. Tolentino Arturo M. Tolentino (September 19, 1910 – August 2, 2004) was a prominent political figure in the Philippines. ... Claro M. Recto (February 8, 1890 October 2, 1960), was a politician in the Philippines. ... Miriam Defensor-Santiago Dr. Miriam Defensor Santiago (born June 15, 1945) is a politician and senator of the Philippines. ...

Latest election

Media:Example. ... Miriam Defensor-Santiago Dr. Miriam Defensor Santiago (born June 15, 1945) is a politician and senator of the Philippines. ... Alfredo Lim (born December 21, 1929) is a senator of the Philippines. ... Juan Ponce Enrile is the architect of martial law in the philippines ... Jose Jinggoy Ejercito Estrada (born February 17, 1963) is a senator in the Philippines. ... Robert Barbers Robert Z. Barbers (born January 19, 1944, died December 25, 2005) was a politician, former police officer and Secretary of Interior, Local Government and Senator of the Philippines. ...

Important Senate bills and decisions

• 1992 vote to remove U.S. Bases from the Philippines
• Visiting Forces Agreement

The Visiting Forces Agreement is a bilateral agreement between the Philippines and the United States which has been in force since February 10, 1998, as an extension of the U.S.-Philippines Mutual Defense Treaty of 1951. ...

External links

• Official Website of the Philippine Senate
• Official Philippine Government Portal