The Seneca are a Native American people, one of the Six Nations of the Iroquois League. About 10,000 Seneca Indians live in the United States and Canada, primarily on reservations in western New York state, with others living in Oklahoma and near Brantford, Ontario. Native Americans (also Indians, Aboriginal Peoples, American Indians, First Nations, Alaskan Natives, Amerindians, or Indigenous Peoples of America) are the indigenous inhabitants of The Americas prior to the European colonization, and their modern descendants. ... The Iroquois Confederacy (also known as the League of Peace and Power) is a group of First Nations/Native Americans. ... Reservation is something reserved. ... Jump to: navigation, search State nickname: The Empire State Other U.S. States Capital Albany Largest city New York City Governor George Pataki (R) Senators Charles Schumer (D) Hillary Rodham Clinton (D) Official languages None (English is de facto) Area 141,205 km² (27th)  - Land 122,409 km²  - Water 18... Oklahoma is a South Central state of the United States (with strong Southern, Western, and Midwestern influences) and its U.S. postal abbreviation is OK; others abbreviate the states name Okla. ... Brantford (2001 population 86,417)[1] is a city located on the Grand River in southwestern Ontario, Canada. ...

History

The Seneca, or "Onodowohgah" ("People of the Hill Top"), traditionally lived in what is now New York between the Genesee River and Canandaigua Lake. With the prehistoric formation of the Iroquois Confederation, the Seneca became known the "Keepers of the Western Door" because they were located on the western edge of the Iroquois domain. The Senecas were by far the largest of the Iroquois nations. Jump to: navigation, search Upper Genesee near Belmont, New York, a series of pools and riffles The Genesee Rivers name is derived from the Iroquois meaning good valley or pleasant valley. ... Canandaigua Lake, also called Lake Canandaigua, is the fourth largest of the Finger Lakes. ...

Traditionally, the economy was based on cultivation of corn, beans, and squash (the three sisters), primarily by the women, and hunting and fishing by the men. During the colonial period they became involved in the fur trade, first with the Dutch and then with the British. This served to increase hostility with other native groups, especially their traditional enemy, the Huron, an Iroquoian tribe in New France near Lake Simcoe. During the 17th century, attacks on Huron villages caused the destruction and dispersal of the Huron. Captives who were not tortured to death were adopted into the tribe. Binomial name Zea mays L. Maize (Zea mays ssp. ... Jump to: navigation, search Green beans Bean is a common name for large plant seeds of several genera of Fabaceae (formerly Leguminosae) used for food or feed. ... Species - hubbard squash, buttercup squash - cushaw squash - butternut squash - most pumpkins, acorn squash, summer squash References: ITIS 22365 2002-11-06 Hortus Third Squashes are four species of the genus Cucurbita, also called pumpkins and marrows depending on variety or the nationality of the speaker. ... Hunting is, in its most general sense, the pursuit of a target. ... Fishing is the activity of hunting for fish. ... In general, the word colonial means of or relating to a colony. In United States history, the term Colonial is used to refer to the period before US independence. ... The fur trade was a huge part in the early economic development of North America. ... This article is about the First Nations people, the Wyandot, also known as the Huron. ... New France (French: la Nouvelle-France) describes the area colonized by France in North America during a period extending from the exploration of the Saint Lawrence River by Jacques Cartier in 1534 to the cession of New France to the Kingdom of Great Britain in 1763. ... Lake Simcoe is a lake in southern Ontario, Canada, the fourth largest lake in the province. ... (16th century - 17th century - 18th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 17th century was that century which lasted from 1601-1700. ... This article refers to an imprisoned person. ... Jump to: navigation, search The Iron Maiden of Nuremberg was a famous torture device, though misconceptions about it do exist. ... Adoption is the legal act of permanently placing a child with a parent or parents other than the birth parents. ... Viewed historically or developmentally, a tribe consists of a social formation existing before the development of, or outside of, states. ...

During the American Revolution, the Seneca along with their immediate neighbor in the League, the Cayuga, carried out many raids on American settlements and strongholds, instigated by the British at Fort Niagara. These raids were reduced after the Clinton and Sullivan Expedition destroyed many Cayuga villages. Divisions in the League from mixed loyalties of its members to the British or Americans weakened its power. Jump to: navigation, search The American Revolution is the series of events, ideas, and changes that resulted in the political separation of thirteen colonies in North America from the British Empire and the creation of the United States of America. ... The Cayuga nation (Guyohkohnyo or the People of the Great Swamp) was one of the five original constituents of the Iroquois, a confederacy of Indians in New York. ... A reference to colonization, or the resulting communities. ... Stronghold is a commercial version of Apache Web Server, distributed by RedHat Inc. ... Historical recreation actors at Old Fort Niagara Fort Niagara is a 300 year old fortification built to protect the interests of New France, located near Youngstown, New York on the eastern bank of the Niagara River at its mouth on Lake Ontario. ... James Clinton (August 9, 1733 – September 22, 1812) was a American Revolutionary War soldier who obtained the rank of major general. ... Jump to: navigation, search The Sullivan Expedition, also known as the Sullivan-Clinton Expedition, was a campaign led by Major General John Sullivan and General James Clinton against Loyalists (Tories) and the four nations of the Iroquois who had sided with the British in the American Revolutionary War. ...

On November 11, 1794, the Seneca (along with the other Haudenosaunee nations) signed the Treaty of Canandaigua with the United States. Jump to: navigation, search November 11 is the 315th day of the year (316th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 50 days remaining. ... 1794 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... The Treaty of Canandaigua, a treaty establishing peace and friendship between the United States of America and the Six Nations of the Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), and affirming Haudenosaunee land rights in New York State, was the first diplomatic agreement entered into by the United States of America under its current Constitution. ...

The Seneca, like other League members, were known as the People of the Long House. They lived in villages, often surrounded by palisades due to warfare, which moved every ten or fifteen years as soil and game were depleted. During the 19th century they adopted many of the customs of their white neighbors, building log cabins and participating in the local agricultural economy. A village is a human settlement commonly found in rural areas. ... Palisade and Moat A palisade is a Medieval wooden fence or wall of variable height, used as a defensive structure. ... For other uses of War, see War (disambiguation). ... For the heavy metal band see Soil (band) Soil is unconsolidated rock particle that lies on the surface of the earth, intermingled, perhaps, with organic matter from plant decay. ... Game is any animal hunted for food. ... Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical) (18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar. ... Custom: a common practice among people, especially depending on country, culture, time and religion. ... Details of cabin corner joint with squared off logs A log cabin is a small house built from logs. ...

Notable Senecas in history include Red Jacket, Cornplanter, Guyasuta, Handsome Lake, and Ely S. Parker. Red Jacket (known as Otetiani in his youth and Segoyewatha after 1780) (c. ... Chief Cornplanter portrait by F. Bertoli, 1796 Gaiäntwakê (c. ... Guyasuta (c. ... Handsome Lake (1735 – 10 August 1815) was a Seneca religious leader of the Iroquois people. ... Ely S. Parker Ely Samuel Parker (1828 - August 31, 1895), Hasanoanda, was an Iroquois of the Seneca tribe born at Indian Falls, New York (then part of the Tonawanda Reservation). ...

Today

The Seneca formed a modern government, the Seneca Nation of Indians, in 1848, but the traditional tribal government still retains some power. Today some Seneca are involved in the sale of (untaxed) low-priced gasoline and cigarettes and high-stakes bingo. In recent years they have established legalized casino gambling and operate two casinos: one on a purchased site in the city of Niagara Falls, New York called Seneca Niagara and the other on their own territory in the city of Salamanca called Seneca Allegany. A third is in the works and will be located on purchased land in downtown Buffalo adjacent to the HSBC Arena. Other Senecas are employed in the local economy of the region. 1848 is a leap year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Jump to: navigation, search Gasoline, as it is known in North America, or petrol (abbreviated from petroleum spirit), in many Commonwealth countries (sometimes also called motor spirit) is a petroleum-derived liquid mixture consisting primarily of hydrocarbons, used as fuel in internal combustion engines. ... Jump to: navigation, search A cigarette will burn to ash on one end. ... Jump to: navigation, search Bingo Bingo is a game of chance where randomly-selected numbers are drawn and players match those numbers to those appearing on 5x5 matrixes which are printed or electronically represented and are known as cards. ... American Falls, one of the three falls that make up Niagara Falls, is located in the city. ... Salamanca is a town located in Cattaraugus County, New York. ... Jump to: navigation, search Aerial view of downtown Buffalo, New York Buffalo, is an American city in western New York. ... HSBC Arena is a sports and entertainment venue located in downtown Buffalo, New York. ...

About 7200 enrolled members live on three reservations in New York: the Allegany (which contains the city of Salamanca), the Cattaraugus near Gowanda, New York, and the Oil Springs, near Cuba, New York. Few, if any, Seneca reside at Oil Springs. Allegany Reservation is an Native American Indian reservation located in Cattaraugus County, New York. ... Salamanca is a town located in Cattaraugus County, New York. ... Cattaraugus Reservation is an Indian reservation located partly in Erie County, New York. ... Gowanda is a village located in New York and lies partly in Erie County and partly in Cattaraugus County . ... Oil Springs Reservation is an Indian reservation of the Seneca tribe located in Cattaraugus County, New York. ... Cuba, New York is a village and a town in Allegany County, New York. ...

An independent group live on the Tonawanda Reservation near Akron, New York. Other Seneca live in association with the Cayuga in Miami, Oklahoma or on the Six Nations of the Grand River reserves near Brantford, Ontario, Canada. Tonawanda Reservation is an Indian reservation of the Seneca located in Erie County, New York. ... Akron is a village located in Erie County, New York. ... Miami is a city located in Ottawa County, Oklahoma. ... Six Nations of the Grand River is the name applied to two contiguous Indian reserves southeast of Brantford, Ontario, Canada – Six Nations reserve no. ... Brantford (2001 population 86,417)[1] is a city located on the Grand River in southwestern Ontario, Canada. ...

See also

• Seneca language

Seneca is the language of the Seneca Native Band, one of the Six Nations of the Iroquois League. ...

Further reading

• Anthony F.C. Wallace, The Death and Rebirth fo the Seneca (New York: Vintage Books, 1969). ISBN 0-394-71699-X

External links

• Seneca Indians historical and cultural information
• Home page of the Seneca Nation Of Indians (SNI), New York