Serapion, or Sarapion (Fl. c. 350), bishop of Thmuis in the Nile Delta and a prominent supporter of Athanasius in the struggle against Arianism (sometimes called, for his learning, Scholasticus), is best known in connection with a prayer-book or sacramentary intended for the use of bishops. Events January 18 - Magnentius proclaimed Emperor by the army in Autun. ... Athanasius of Alexandria (also spelled Athanasios) was a Christian bishop of Alexandria in the fourth century. ... This article is about the theological doctrine of Arius. ...

This document, contained in a collection of Egyptian documents in an 11th-century manuscript at the Laura on Mount Athos, was published by A Dmitrijewskij in 1894, but attracted little attention until independently discovered and published by G Wobbermin in 1899. It is a celebrants book, containing thirty prayers belonging to the mass (19-30, 1-6), baptism (7-Il, 15, 16), ordination (12-14), benediction of oil, bread and water (17), and burial (18), omitting the fixed structural formulae of the rites, the parts of the other ministers, and almost all rubrication, except what is implied in the titles of the prayers. One of the 20 monasteries on Mount Athos Mount Athos is a mountain and a peninsula in Macedonia, northern Greece, called Άγιο Όρος (Ayio Oros or Holy Mountain) in Modern Greek, or Ἅγιον Ὄρος (Hagion Oros) in Classical Greek. ... In Tolkiens Middle-earth, the river Celebrant was a stream rising in the eastern Misty Mountains near the exit from Moria. ... Prayer is an effort to communicate with a God, or to some deity or deities, either to offer praise to the deity, to make a request of the deity, or simply to express ones thoughts and emotions to the deity. ... Baptism is a water purification ritual practiced in certain religions such as Christianity, Mandaeanism, Sikhism, and some historic sects of Judaism. ... This article is about the sacrament. ... Although Benediction can be any blessing, it usually refers to the Benediction of the Blessed Sacrament. ... By other animals Humans are not the only species to bury their dead. ...

The name of Serapion is prefixed to the anaphora of the mass (I) and to the group 15-18: but whether this indicates authorship is doubtful; for whereas the whole collection is bound together by certain marks of vocabulary, style and thought, 15-18 have characteristics of their own not shared by the anaphora, while no part of the collection shows special affinities with the current works of Serapion.1 But his name is at least a symbol of probable date and provenance: the theology, which is orthodox so far as it goes, but conservative, and perhaps glancing at Arianism, shows no sign that the Macedonian question has arisen; the doxologies, of a type abandoned by the orthodox, and by c. 370 treated by Didymus of Alexandria as heretical; the apparent presupposition that the population is mainly pagan (1, 20); the exclusive appropriation of the mass to Sunday (19; cp. Ath. ap. c. Ar. II), whereas the liturgical observance of Saturday prevailed in Egypt by c. 380; the terms in which monasticism is referred to-together point to c. 350: the occurrence of official interpreters (25) points to a bilingual Church, i.e. Syria or Egypt; and certain theological phrases (y~PeflTos, ~1rf&1luia,,Lvi KciOOXLK1~ ~,csX77&La) characteristic of the old Egyptian creed, and the liturgical characteristics, indicate Egypt; while the petition for rains (23), without reference to the Nile-rising, points to the Delta as distinguished from Upper Egypt. The book is important, therefore, as the earliest liturgical collection on so large a scale, and as belonging to Egypt, where evidence for 4th-century ritual is scanty as compared with Syria. Macedon (aka. ... Heresy, according to the Oxford English Dictionary, is a theological or religious opinion or doctrine maintained in opposition, or held to be contrary, to the ‘catholic’ or orthodox doctrine of the Christian Church, or, by extension, to that of any church, creed, or religious system, considered as orthodox. ... Map of Upper and Lower Egypt Ancient Egypt was divided into two kingdoms, known as Upper and Lower Egypt. ... The Syrian Arab Republic or Syria is a country in the Middle East, bordering (from south to north) on Lebanon, Israel, Jordan, Iraq and Turkey. ...

The rites form a link between those of the Egyptian Church Order (a 3rd- or early 4th-century development of the Hippolytean Canons, which are perhaps Egyptian of c. 260) and later Egyptian rites marking the stage of development reached in Egypt by c. 350, while exhibiting characteristics of their own. Events Valerian I captured by the Persian king Shapur I; Gallienus becomes sole Roman emperor. ...

1. The Mass has the Egyptian notes--a prayer before the lections, elsewhere unknown in the East; an exceptionally weighty body of intercessions after the catechumens dismissal, followed by a penitential act, probably identical with the ouoXiry?yrf~ of Can. Hippol. 2, which disappeared in later rites; a setting of the Sanctus found in several Egyptian amphoras; the close connection of the commemorations of the offerers and of the dead; and the form of the conclusion of the anaphora. The structure of the communion--with a prayer before and prayers of thanksgiving and blessing after--shows that Egypt had already developed the common type, otherwise first evidenced in Syria, c. 375 (Ap. Coust. viii. 13). Among the special characteristics of Serapion are the simplicity of the Sanctus, and of the Institution, which lacks the dramatic additions already found in Ap. Coust.; the interpolation of a passage containing a quotation from Didac/j 9 between the institutions of the bread and of the chalice; the form of the ?ivuviyrir; and the invocation of the Word, not of the Holy Ghost, to effect consecration. That the Lord's Prayer before communion is not referred to may be only because it is a fixed formula belonging to the structure of the rite.
2. The Order of Baptism has a form for the consecration of the water, and a preliminary prayer for the candidates, perhaps alluding to their exorcism; a prayer for steadfastness following the renunciation and the confession of faith; the form of anointing with oil; appropriate prayers preceding and following the act of baptism; and the prayer of confirmation. with imposition of the hand, chrism and crossing. All this corresponds to and fills up the outline of the Church Order and allusions in 4th-century writers, and is in line with later Egyptian rites.
3. Forms of Ordination are provided only for deacons, presbyters and bishops, the orders of divine institution (12). They are concise, but of the normal type. That for deacons (12) commemorates St Stephen, invokes the Holy Ghost, and prays for the gifts qualifying for the diaconate. That for presbyters (13) recalls the Mosaic LXX, invokes the Holy Ghost, and asks for the gifts qualifying for administration, teaching, and the ministry of reconciliation. That for bishops (14) appeals to the mission of our Lord, the election of the apostles, and the apostolic succession, and asks for the Divine Spirit conferred on prophets and patriarchs, that the subject may feed the flock unblamably and without offence continue in his office. The minor orders, interpreters, readers and subdeacons (25) are evidently, as elsewhere in the middle of the 4th century, appointed without sacramental ordination.
4. The use of exorcised or blessed oil, water and bread is fully illustrated by the lives of the fathers of the desert (cp. the Gnostic use, Clem. Al. Excerpta 82). Serapion has a form of benediction of oil and water (5) offered in the mass (like Can. Hippol. and Ch. Ord. for oil), probably for the use of individual offerers. A longer form for all three matters (17) perhaps has in view the general needs of the Church in the visitation of the sick. The occurrence in both prayers of the Name and the commemoration of the Passion, Resurrection, etc., corresponds with early allusions, in Origen and elsewhere, to the usual form of exorcism.
5. For burial of the dead Serapion gives a prayer for the departed and the survivors (18). But the funeral procession is alluded to (KouL~op.~vov), and in the mass (I) the particular commemoration of departed persons is provided for. Hence we have the elements of the 4th-century funeral, as we know it in Egypt and elsewhere: a preliminary office (of readings and psalms) to which the prayer belongs, the procession (with psalmody) to the cemetery, the burial and the mass pro domitione.

Pottery An amphora is a type of ceramic vase with two handles, used for the transportation and storage of perishable goods and more rarely as containers for the ashes of the dead or as prize awards. ... The Sanctus and its Preface, is a prayer which is used in almost every single rite of the Catholic and Orthodox liturgies. ... The Holy Spirit, from the Christian viewpoint, while related to Gods will, is not Gods will personified. ... The Lords Prayer (sometimes known by its first two Latin words as the Pater Noster, in Greek as the , or the English equivalent Our Father) is probably the best-known prayer in the Christian religion. ... Gnosticism is a blanket term for various religions and sects most prominent in the first few centuries A.D. General characteristics The word gnosticism comes from the Greek word for knowledge, gnosis (γνῶσις), referring to the idea that there is special, hidden mysticism (esoteric knowledge) that only a few possess. ... Exorcism is the practice of evicting or destroying demons or other evil spiritual entities which are supposed to have possessed (taken control of) a person, a building, etc. ... Psalms (Tehilim תהילים, in Hebrew) is a book of the Hebrew Bible or Tanakh, and of the Old Testament of the Christian Bible. ...

Authorities

Dmitrijewskij in Trudy (Journal of the Eccl. Acad. of Kiev, 1894), No. 2; separately (Kiev, 1894); reviewed by A Favlov, Xpiv~ch. Bvravriva, i. 207-213; cp. Byzant. Zeitschr. iv. I (1895), p. 193; G Wobbermin in Harnack-Gebhardt, Texte u. Untersuch., new series, ii. 3 b (1899); P Drews, Über Wobbermins Altchristliche liturgische Stücke aus d. Kirche Agyptens in Zeilschr. f. Kirchen-Geschichte, xx. 4 (Oct. 1899, Jan. 1900); FE Brightman, The Sacramentary of Serapion of Thmuis in Journal of Theological Studies, i. and ii. (Oct. 1899, Jan. 1900); J Wordsworth, Bishop Sarapion's Prayer-Book (London, 1899); P. Batiffol in Bulletin de lit. eccls. p. 69 sqq. (Toulouse, 1899).

This article incorporates text from the public domain 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica. The public domain comprises the body of all creative works and other knowledge—writing, artwork, music, science, inventions, and others—in which no person or organization has any proprietary interest. ... The Eleventh Edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica ( 1911) in many ways represents the sum of knowledge at the beginning of the 20th century. ...