A Greek corruption of Serapsi, a title of Ea, meaning Lord of the deep, in Babylonian mythology.
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The earliest mention of a Serapis is in the authentic death scene of Alexander, from the royal diaries (Arrian, Anabasis, VII.
Here, Serapis has a temple at Babylon, and is of such importance that he alone is named as being consulted on behalf of the dying king.
One of the experts was the one of the Eumolpidae, the ancient family from whose members the hierophant of the Eleusinian Mysteries had been chosen since before history, and the other was the scholarly Egyptian priest Manetho, which gave weight to the judgement both for the Egyptians and the Greeks.