Sergei Chetverikov
Born	6 May 1880 Moscow, Russia
Died	July 2, 1959 (aged 79) Gorky, USSR
Residence	Russia USSR
Citizenship	Russian
Ethnicity	Russian
Field	Biology, genetics, theory of evolution
Institutions	Nikolai Koltsov Institute of Experimental Biology

Sergei Sergeevich Chetverikov (Сергей Сергеевич Четвериков, 1880-1959) was one of founders of genetics in natural populations and hence a contributor to the synthetic theory of evolution. Some of his ideas have stood the test of time, and some have not: he was generally right about mutation and the importance of natural selection, but wrong about polymorphism (see polymorphism (biology). However, to have entered this field at all at that time was noteworthy. is the 126th day of the year (127th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1880 (MDCCCLXXX) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Tuesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... For other uses, see Moscow (disambiguation). ... is the 183rd day of the year (184th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1959 (MCMLIX) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Nizhny Novgorod (Russian: ), colloquially shortened as Nizhny, is the fourth largest city in Russia, ranking after Moscow, St. ... State motto (Russian): Пролетарии всех стран, соединяйтесь! (Transliterated: Proletarii vsekh stran, soedinyaytes!) (Translated: Workers of the world, unite!) Capital Moscow Official language None; Russian (de facto) Government Federation of Soviet republics Area  - Total  - % water 1st before collapse 22,402,200 km² Approx. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Russia. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union. ... State motto (Russian): Пролетарии всех стран, соединяйтесь! (Transliterated: Proletarii vsekh stran, soedinyaytes!) (Translated: Workers of the world, unite!) Capital Moscow Official language None; Russian (de facto) Government Federation of Soviet republics Area  - Total  - % water 1st before collapse 22,402,200 km² Approx. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Russia. ... For the song by Girls Aloud see Biology (song) Biology studies the variety of life (clockwise from top-left) E. coli, tree fern, gazelle, Goliath beetle Biology (from Greek: βίος, bio, life; and λόγος, logos, speech lit. ... This article is about the general scientific term. ... This article is about biological evolution. ... Nikolai Konstantinovich Koltsov (cyrillic; July 14, 1872– December 2, 1940), a Russian biologist. ... Year 1880 (MDCCCLXXX) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Tuesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Year 1959 (MCMLIX) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... In biology, polymorphism can be defined as the occurrence in the same habitat of two or more forms of a trait in such frequencies that the rarer cannot be maintained by recurrent mutation alone. ...

Between the two World Wars Russian biological research managed to connect genetics with field research on natural populations. Chetverikov lead a team at the Koltsov Institute in Moscow, and in 1926 produced what should have been one of the landmark papers of the modern evolutionary synthesis. However, published only in Russian, it was largely ignored in the English-speaking world (though J.B.S. Haldane possessed a translation). Chetverikov influenced several Russian geneticists who later came to work in the West, such as Theodosius Dobzhansky and Timofeev-Ressovsky, both of whom continued to work in a similar style. The significance of Chetverikov's work came to light much later, by which time the evolutionary synthesis was virtually complete. ^{[1] [2]} The modern evolutionary synthesis refers to a set of ideas from several biological specialities that were brought together to form a unified theory of evolution accepted by the great majority of working biologists. ... John Burdon Sanderson Haldane (November 5, 1892 - December 1, 1964), who normally used J.B.S. as a first name, was a geneticist born in Scotland and educated at Eton and Oxford University. ... Theodosius Grigorevich Dobzhansky (Russian — Феодосий Григорьевич Добржанский; sometimes anglicized to Theodore Dobzhansky; January 25, 1900 - December 18, 1975) was a noted geneticist and evolutionary biologist. ...

Sergei Chetverikov worked at Nikolai Koltsov Institute of Experimental Biology. He was arrested by OGPU in 1929 and sent to exile to Yekaterinburg for five years. He later moved to Nizhny Novgorod and organized the Department of Genetics at Gorky University. He was dismissed from his post at the behest of Lysenko in 1948 ^[3]. Nikolai Konstantinovich Koltsov (cyrillic; July 14, 1872– December 2, 1940), a Russian biologist. ... Obedinennoe Gosudarstvennoe Politicheskoe Upravlenie (or OGPU) (Combined State Political Directorate, also translated as All Union State Political Board) was the name of the secret police in the Soviet Union in one of the stages of its development. ... Snow-covered statue of Sverdlov in Yekaterinburg Yekaterinburgs Church on the Blood built on the spot where the Tsar and his family were executed. ... Nizhny Novgorod (Russian: ), colloquially shortened as Nizhny, is the fourth largest city in Russia, ranking after Moscow, St. ... Lysenko may refer to: Mykola Lysenko (Ukrainian composer) Tatyana Lysenko (Russian hammer thrower) Trofim Lysenko (Soviet politician) — see also Lysenkoism Category: ...

References

1. ^ Adams, Mark. Sergei Chetverikov, the Kol'tsov Institute, and the evolutionary synthesis. In Mayr & Provine The Evolutionary Synthesis 1998.
2. ^ Chetverikov S.S. On certain aspects of the evolutionary process from the standpoint of modern genetics. (transl. of 1921 paper by Malina Parker; ed I.M. Lerner) Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 105, 167-195. 1961.
3. ^ Vadim J. Birstein. The Perversion Of Knowledge: The True Story of Soviet Science. Westview Press (2004) ISBN 0813342805

External links

• The Synthesis Of S. S. Chetverikov
• Article about him (Russian)
• His biography (Russian)