Sergey Kirov

Sergei Mironovich Kirov (Russian: Серге́й Миро́нович Ки́ров) (March 27 [O.S. March 15] 1886 – December 1, 1934) was a prominent early Bolshevik leader whose assassination marked the beginning of the Great Purge, the final removal of Joseph Stalin's enemies and all remaining Old Bolsheviks from the Soviet government. Image File history File links RUSkirov. ... Image File history File links RUSkirov. ... is the 86th day of the year (87th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Old Style or O.S. is a designation indicating that a date conforms to the Julian calendar, formerly in use in many countries, rather than the Gregorian calendar, currently in use in most countries. ... Year 1886 (MDCCCLXXXVI) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... is the 335th day of the year (336th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1934 (MCMXXXIV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display full 1934 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... For other uses, see Bolshevik (disambiguation). ... The Great Purge (Russian: , transliterated Bolshaya chistka) refers collectively to several related campaigns of political repression and persecution in the Soviet Union orchestrated by Joseph Stalin during the 1930s, which removed all of his remaining opposition from power. ... Josef Vissarionovich Dzhugashvili (Georgian: , Ioseb Besarionis Dze Jughashvili; Russian: , Iosif Vissarionovich Dzhugashvili) (December 18 [O.S. December 6] 1878[1] – March 5, 1953), better known by his adopted name, Joseph Stalin (alternatively transliterated Josef Stalin), was General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Unions Central Committee from... Old Bolshevik (Russian: ) is an unofficial designation for a member of the Bolshevik party before the Russian Revolution of 1917. ... Soviet redirects here. ...

Youth

He was born Sergei Mironovich Kostrikov (Ко́стриков), later assuming the name "Kirov" as an alias. Born to a poor family in Urzhum, Russia, Kirov lost his parents when he was young. His father, Miron Kostrikov, had left him at a tender age; his mother also died in the subsequent year. As a child, Sergei was brought up by his grandmother before being sent to an orphanage at seven years of age. In 1901 a group of wealthy benefactors provided a scholarship for him to attend an industrial school at Kazan. After gaining his degree in Engineering he moved to Tomsk. As Russian society went into crisis, Kirov became a Marxist and joined the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party (RSDLP) in 1904. Urzhum (Russian: ) is a town in and the administrative center of Urzhumsky District of Kirov Oblast, Russia. ... // The first orphanages, called orphanotrophia, were founded in the 1st century amid various alternative means of orphan support. ... Year 1901 (MCMI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday [1] of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... This article is about the capital city of Tatarstan. ... Engineering is the discipline of acquiring and applying knowledge to design, analysis, and/or construction of works for practical purposes. ... Flag Seal Location Tomsk and Oblast on the map of Russia Coordinates , Government Oblast Tomsk Mayor Aleksandr Makarov Geographical characteristics Area     City 294,6 km²     Land   294,6 km²     Water   0 km² Population     City (end of 2005) 509,568     Density   1,730/km² Elevation +100 m Website: Municipality website Main... Marxism is the political practice and social theory based on the works of Karl Marx, a 19th century philosopher, economist, journalist, and revolutionary, along with Friedrich Engels. ... The Russian Social Democratic Labour Party, or RSDLP (Росси́йская Социа́л-Демократи́ческая Рабо́ча&#1103... 1904 (MCMIV) was a leap year starting on a Friday (see link for calendar). ...

Russian revolutions

Kirov took part in the Russian Revolution of 1905, and was arrested and later released. He sided with the Bolsheviks soon after being released from prison. In 1906, Kirov was arrested once again, but this time jailed for over three years, charged with printing illegal literature. Soon after his release, he again took part in revolutionary activity. Once again being arrested for printing illegal literature, after a year of custody, Kostrikov moved to the Caucasus, where he stayed until the abdication of Nicholas II. ‹ The template below (Expand) is being considered for deletion. ... For other uses, see Bolshevik (disambiguation). ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Caucasus Mountains. ... Nicholas II redirects here. ...

By this time, Sergei Kostrikov had changed his name to Kirov. He had selected it as a pen name, just as other Russian revolutionary leaders. The name "Kir" reminded him of a Persian warrior king, and he was to become head of the Bolshevik military administration in Astrakhan. Persia redirects here. ... “Cyrus” redirects here. ... For other uses, see Astrakhan (fur). ...

Following the Russian Revolution of 1917, he fought in the Russian Civil War until 1920. In 1921, he became head of the Azerbaijan party organization. Kirov loyally supported Joseph Stalin, and in 1926 he was rewarded with the leadership of the Leningrad party. The Russian Revolution of 1917 was a series of political and social upheavals in Russia, involving first the overthrow of the tsarist autocracy, and then the overthrow of the liberal and moderate-socialist Provisional Government, resulting in the establishment of Soviet power under the control of the Bolshevik party. ... Combatants Local Soviet powers led by Russian SFSR and Red Army Far Eastern Republic Chinese Volunteers White Movement Allied Intervention: Japan Czechoslovakia Greece  United States  Canada Serbia Romania  Turkey UK  France Foreign volunteers: Polish Italian Local nationalist movements, national states, and decentralist movements  German Empire  Mongolia Warlords Commanders Vladimir Lenin... Josef Vissarionovich Dzhugashvili (Georgian: , Ioseb Besarionis Dze Jughashvili; Russian: , Iosif Vissarionovich Dzhugashvili) (December 18 [O.S. December 6] 1878[1] – March 5, 1953), better known by his adopted name, Joseph Stalin (alternatively transliterated Josef Stalin), was General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Unions Central Committee from... Year 1926 (MCMXXVI) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Saint Petersburg (Russian: Санкт-Петербу́рг, English transliteration: Sankt-Peterburg), colloquially known as Питер (transliterated Piter), formerly known as Leningrad (Ленингра́д, 1924–1991) and...

Popularity and death

The monument to Sergey Kirov on Kirov Square of Saint Petersburg

In the 1930s, Stalin apparently became increasingly worried about Kirov's growing popularity. At the 1934 Party Congress where the vote for the new Central Committee was held, Kirov received only three negative votes, the fewest of any candidate, while Stalin received 292 negative votes, the highest of any candidate. Kirov was close friends with Sergo Ordzhonikidze, and together they formed a moderate bloc to Stalin in the Politburo. Later in 1934, Stalin asked Kirov to work for him in Moscow. One theory suggests that he did this in order to keep a closer eye on him, this despite of the supposed fact that Stalin entirely controlled the NKVD. Kirov refused, however, and according to the same theory he became a competitor in Stalin's eyes. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (768x1024, 182 KB) The monument to Sergey Kirov on Kirov Square of Saint Petersburg, photograph by Evgeny Gerashchenko. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (768x1024, 182 KB) The monument to Sergey Kirov on Kirov Square of Saint Petersburg, photograph by Evgeny Gerashchenko. ... Saint Petersburg (Russian: Санкт-Петербу́рг, English transliteration: Sankt-Peterburg), colloquially known as Питер (transliterated Piter), formerly known as Leningrad (Ленингра́д, 1924–1991) and... The 1930s (years from 1930–1939) were described as an abrupt shift to more radical and conservative lifestyles, as countries were struggling to find a solution to the Great Depression, also known as the World Depression. ... The Congress of the CPSU was the gathering of the delegates of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and its predecessors. ... The Central Committee, abbreviated in Russian as ЦК, Tseka, was the highest body of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU). ... Grigoriy Konstantinovich Ordzhonikidze (Russian:Григорий Константинович Орджоникидзе), generally known as Sergo Ordzhonikidze (Серго) (October 12, 1886 - February 18, 1937) was a member of the Politburo, and close friend to Stalin. ... For other uses, see Moscow (disambiguation). ...

On December 1, 1934, Kirov was killed by Leonid Nikolaev (also seen spelt Nikolayev) in the Smolny Institute Leningrad. Kirov had arrived at the Smolny to work in his office, and, apparently leaving his bodyguard downstairs, headed to the upper floors, where the officials had their rooms. Nikolayev emerged from a bathroom and followed Kirov towards his office, shooting him in the back of the neck. Stalin claimed that Nikolayev was part of a larger conspiracy led by Leon Trotsky against the Soviet government. This resulted in the arrest and execution of Lev Kamenev, Grigory Zinoviev, and fourteen others in 1936. The death of Kirov ignited the great purge where supporters of Trotsky and other suspected enemies of the state were arrested. It has been speculated that Stalin was the man who ordered the murder of Kirov, and that the shooting was carried out with the help of the NKVD, but this has never been proven. His assassination may have been a random act of violence which Stalin took advantage of. is the 335th day of the year (336th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1934 (MCMXXXIV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display full 1934 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Leonid Nikolaev (1904–December 29, 1934) was the assassin of Sergei Kirov, the first secretary of the Leningrad branch of the Communist Party. ... The Smolny Institute is the Neoclassical edifice in St Petersburg, which has played an important part in the Russian history. ... Saint Petersburg (Russian: Санкт-Петербу́рг, English transliteration: Sankt-Peterburg), colloquially known as Питер (transliterated Piter), formerly known as Leningrad (Ленингра́д, 1924–1991) and... Leon Trotsky (Russian:  , Lev Davidovich Trotsky, also transliterated Leo, Lyev, Trotskii, Trotski, Trotskij, Trockij and Trotzky) (November 7 [O.S. October 26] 1879 – August 21, 1940), born Lev Davidovich Bronstein (), was a Ukrainian-born Bolshevik revolutionary and Marxist theorist. ... Categories: People stubs | Old Bolsheviks | Soviet politicians | Exonerated Soviet death sentences | Russian Jews ... Grigory Yevseevich Zinoviev (Григо́рий Евсе́евич Зино́вьев, real name Ovsel Gershon Aronov Radomyslsky (Радомысльский), also...

Legacy

Publicly Stalin took his friend's death as a tragedy and buried him by the Kremlin Wall in a state funeral. Many cities, streets and factories took his name, including the cities of Kirov (formerly Vyatka), Kirovsk (Murmansk Oblast), Kirovograd (Kirovohrad in Ukrainian), Kirovabad (today Ganja, Azerbaijan) and Kirovakan (today Vanadzor, Armenia), the station Kirovskaya of the Moscow Metro (now Chistiye Prudy), Kirov Ballet, and the massive Kirov industrial plant in Saint Petersburg. In the city of Kirov a speedskating match , the Priz Imeni S.M. Kirova, was named after him. This match is the longest running yearly organised race in speedskating apart from the World Speed Skating Championships and the European Speed Skating Championships. It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Kremlin towers. ... The examples and perspective in this article or section may not represent a worldwide view. ... Kirov (Russian: ), formerly known as Vyatka and Khlynov, is a city in north-eastern European Russia, on the Vyatka River, administrative center of Kirov Oblast. ... Kirovsk (Russian: ), known as Khibinogorsk () until 1934, is a town in Murmansk Oblast, Russia, located at the spurs of the Khibiny Massif on the shores of the Lake Bolshoy Vudyavr some 175 km south of Murmansk. ... Murmansk Oblast (Russian: ) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). ... Location Map of Ukraine with Kirovohrad highlighted. ... For other uses, see Ganja (disambiguation). ... Main street in Vanadzor Vanadzor (Armenian: ) — previously known under the Turkish name Karakilisa, meaning black church, and later named Kirovakan (after Sergey Kirov) is a city in northern Armenia. ... A current official map of the Moscow Metro. ... edit Chistiye Prudy (Russian: ), or Clean Ponds, is a Moscow Metro station, located on the Sokolnicheskaya Line. ... The Mariinsky Ballet is one of the most famous ballet schools in history (formerly the Kirov Ballet, and also the Academic State Theatre), located in St. ... A 1923 Soviet stamp featured the Soviet Fordson Logo of Kirov Plant The Kirov Plant or Kirov Factory is a major Russian machine-building plant in St. ... Kirov (Russian: ), formerly known as Vyatka and Khlynov, is a city in north-eastern European Russia, on the Vyatka River, administrative center of Kirov Oblast. ... World Speed Skating Championships The International Skating Union organises the following World Championships in the sport of speed skating: Allround Mens Allround Womens Allround Sprint Mens Sprint Womens Sprint Mens Single Distances Womens Single Distances Category: ... The European Speed Skating Championships are a series of speed skating events held annually to determine the best all-round speed skater of Europe. ...

For many years, a huge statue of Kirov in granite and bronze dominated the panorama of the city of Baku. The monument was erected on a hill in 1939 and was dismantled in January of 1992, after Azerbaijan gained its independence. The Kirov class of battlecruisers is named in his honor, though the first-of-class vessel originally named Kirov has since been renamed Admiral Ushakov. Coordinates: , Country Government  - Mayor Hajibala Abutalybov Area  - City 260 km²  (100. ... Radars: Voskhod MR-800 (Top Pair) 3D search radar on foremast Fregat MR-710 (Top Steer) 3D search radar on main mast 2 × Palm Frond navigation radar on foremast Sonar Horse Tail VDS (Variable Deep Sonar) Fire control: 2 × Top Dome for SA-N-6 fire control 4 × Bass Tilt... HMS Invincible, one of Britains first battlecruisers Battlecruisers were large warships of the early 20th century. ... Soviet Battlecruiser Kirov, photographed while at sea Kirov, the lead ship of the eponymous class of missile cruisers, is one of the major and biggest surface warships of the Russian Navy, though it was originally built for the Soviet Navy. ...

Trivia

Kirov was a very popular figure during his reign in Leningrad, particularly with women, and he was known to have had several affairs with ballerinas. Maya Plisetskaya, prima ballerina of the Bolshoi Ballet from 1943 to 1960 and prima ballerina assoluta from 1960 to 1990. ...

The movie 2010: The Year We Make Contact mentions a Soviet space station named Sergey Kirov. (Redirected from 2010: The Year We Make Contact) 2010: Odyssey Two, is a science fiction novel by Arthur C. Clarke (January 1982) and also a motion picture (1984) by Peter Hyams entitled simply 2010, or sometimes 2010: The Year We Make Contact. ... The International Space Station in 2007 A space station is an artificial structure designed for humans to live in outer space. ...

In the game Red Alert 2, the Soviets have the ability to build the 'Kirov Airship', an extremely slow but powerful zeppelin. Command & Conquer: Red Alert 2 was the follow up to Red Alert. ...

References

• Amy Knight, Who Killed Kirov : The Kremlin's Greatest Mystery, Hill and Wang, 1999, ISBN 0-8090-6404-9

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:

Sergei Kirov

• Kirov Biography
• About the huge Kirov statue in Baku

Image File history File links Commons-logo. ...

v • d • e Leaders of Azerbaijan

Azerbaijan Democratic Republic:Mammed Amin Rasulzade | Alimardan Topchubashov Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic: Mirza Davud Huseynov | Grigory Kaminsky | Sergey Kirov | Levon Mirzoyan | Nikolay Gikalo | Vladimir Polonsky | Mir Jafar Baghirov | Mir Teymur Yagubov | Imam Mustafayev | Vali Akhundov | Heydar Aliyev | Kamran Baghirov | Abdurrahman Vazirov | Ayaz Mutallibov Republic of Azerbaijan: Ayaz Mutallibov | Yagub Mammadova | Ayaz Mutallibov | Isa Gambara | Abülfaz Elçibay | Heydar Aliyev | Ilham Aliyev The country of Azerbaijan is a presidential republic, with the President of Azerbaijan as the head of state, and the Prime Minister of Azerbaijan as head of government. ... Motto: None Anthem: AzÉ™rbaycan Respublikasının DövlÉ™t Himni March of Azerbaijan Map of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic from 1919 to 1920. ... Mammad Amin Rasulzade Mammed Amin Rasulzade (Azerbaijani: ; January 31, 1884, Novkhana, near Baku—March 6, 1955, Ankara) was an Azerbaijani statesman, scholar, public figure and one of the founding political leaders of Azerbaijan Republic (1918-1920). ... Alimardan Alakbar oglu Topchubashov (Azeri: ƏlimÉ™rdan TopçubaÅŸov) (May 4, 1862, Tbilisi - November 8, 1934, Paris) was a prominent Azerbaijani politician, foreign minister and speaker of the Parliament of Azerbaijan Democratic Republic. ... State motto: Бүтүн өлкәләрин пролетарлары, бирләшин! Workers of the world, unite! Official language None. ... Mirza Davud Bagir oglu Huseynov (Azeri: MirzÉ™ Davud Hüseynov; Tajik: Мирзо Довуд Ҳусейнов / میرزا داوود حسینوف – Mirzo Dovud Huseinov), also spelled Husseynov or Guseynov (March, 1894, Baku - March 21, 1938, Baku), was an Azerbaijani revolutionary and statesman. ... Nikolay Fedorovich Gikalo (March 8, 1897, Odessa – April 25, 1938), was a Soviet revolutionary and statesman. ... Mir Jafar Abbas oglu Baghirov (Azeri: Mir CÉ™fÉ™r Abbas oÄŸlu Bağırov) (17 September 1895 – 7 May 1956) was the communist leader of Azerbaijan SSR from 1932 till 1953, under the Soviet leadership of Joseph Stalin. ... Imam Dashdemir ogly Mustafayev (February 25, 1910 - 1997) was an Azerbaijani politician and First Secretary of the Azerbaijan Communist Party of the Azerbaijan SSR. Son of a poor peasant, he was born in a village of the Qakh region in Azerbaijan. ... Heydar Alirza oglu Aliyev (HeydÉ™r Əlirza oÄŸlu Əliyev in Azerbaijani) (sometimes transliterated as Heidar Aliev or Geidar Aliev from the Russian Гейдар Алиев) (May 10, 1923? - December 12, 2003) served as president of Azerbaijan for the New Azerbaijan Party from June 1993 to October 2003, when his son Ilham Aliyev... Ayaz Niyazi oÄŸlu Mütallibov (Ayaz Niyazi oÄŸlu MütÉ™llibov in Azeri) (in Russian : Аяз Ниязиевич Муталибов Ayaz Niyaziyevich Mutalibov) (born 1938) was an Azerbaijani Communist political figure. ... Ayaz Niyazi oÄŸlu Mütallibov (Ayaz Niyazi oÄŸlu MütÉ™llibov in Azeri) (in Russian : Аяз Ниязиевич Муталибов Ayaz Niyaziyevich Mutalibov) (born 1938) was an Azerbaijani Communist political figure. ... Ayaz Niyazi oÄŸlu Mütallibov (Ayaz Niyazi oÄŸlu MütÉ™llibov in Azeri) (in Russian : Аяз Ниязиевич Муталибов Ayaz Niyaziyevich Mutalibov) (born 1938) was an Azerbaijani Communist political figure. ... Isa Gambar Ä°sa QÉ™mbÉ™r or Ä°sa Qämbär (Isa Gambar in Russian) (born February 24, 1957 in Baku) is an Azerbaijani politician and leader of Müsavat, the largest opposition bloc in Azerbaijan. ... Abülfaz Elçibay, (Azerbaijani: ; b. ... Heydar Alirza oglu Aliyev (HeydÉ™r Əlirza oÄŸlu Əliyev in Azerbaijani) (sometimes transliterated as Heidar Aliev or Geidar Aliev from the Russian Гейдар Алиев) (May 10, 1923? - December 12, 2003) served as president of Azerbaijan for the New Azerbaijan Party from June 1993 to October 2003, when his son Ilham Aliyev... Ilham Heydar oglu Aliyev (Azerbaijani: Ä°lham HeydÉ™r oÄŸlu Əliyev) (born December 24, 1961) is the current President of Azerbaijan. ... (a) Denotes acting