|
Serine (IPA [ˈsɛɹin]), organic compound, one of the 20 amino acids commonly found in animal proteins. Only the L-stereoisomer appears in mammalian protein. It is not essential to the human diet, since it can be synthesized in the body from other metabolites, including glycine. Serine was first obtained from silk protein, a particularly rich source, in 1865. Its name is derived from the Latin for silk, sericum. Serine's structure was established in 1902. The hydroxyl group attached makes it a polar amino acid. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1267x1115, 21 KB) Licensing File links The following pages link to this file: Amino acid Serine User:Benjah-bmm27/Gallery ...
Image File history File links Size of this preview: 532 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (685 × 772 pixel, file size: 28 KB, MIME type: image/png) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Serine User:Benjah-bmm27/Old gallery...
IUPAC nomenclature is a system of naming chemical compounds and of describing the science of chemistry in general. ...
This article does not cite its references or sources. ...
The molecular mass (abbreviated MM) of a substance, formerly also called molecular weight and abbreviated as MW, is the mass of one molecule of that substance, relative to the unified atomic mass unit u (equal to 1/12 the mass of one atom of carbon-12). ...
The melting point of a crystalline solid is the temperature at which it changes state from solid to liquid. ...
In physics, density is mass m per unit volume V. For the common case of a homogeneous substance, it is expressed as: where, in SI units: Ï (rho) is the density of the substance, measured in kg·m-3 m is the mass of the substance, measured in kg V is...
The isoelectric point (pI) is the pH at which a molecule or surface carries no net electrical charge. ...
The acid dissociation constant (Ka), also known as the acidity constant or the acid-ionization constant, is a specific equilibrium constant for the reaction of an acid with its conjugate base in aqueous solution [1]. // When an acid dissolves in water, it partly dissociates forming hydronium ions and its conjugate...
CAS registry numbers are unique numerical identifiers for chemical compounds, polymers, biological sequences, mixtures and alloys. ...
PubChem is a database of chemical molecules. ...
The EINECS number (for European Inventory of Existing Chemical Substances) is a registry number given to each chemical substance commercially available in the European Union between 1 January 1971 and 18 September 1981. ...
The simplified molecular input line entry specification or SMILES is a specification for unambiguously describing the structure of chemical molecules using short ASCII strings. ...
Articles with similar titles include the NATO phonetic alphabet, which has also informally been called the “International Phonetic Alphabetâ€. For information on how to read IPA transcriptions of English words, see IPA chart for English. ...
Phenylalanine is one of the standard amino acids. ...
A representation of the 3D structure of myoglobin, showing coloured alpha helices. ...
Stereoisomerism is the arrangement of atoms in molecules whose connectivity remains the same but their arrangement in space is different in each isomer. ...
Metabolites are the intermediates and products of metabolism. ...
For the plant, see Glycine (plant). ...
Silk dresses Silk is a natural protein fiber, some forms of which can be woven into textiles. ...
Latin is an ancient Indo-European language originally spoken in Latium, the region immediately surrounding Rome. ...
Synthesis
The synthesis of serine and glycine starts with the oxidation of 3-phosphoglycerate forming 3-phosphohydroxypyruvate and NADH. A transamination reaction with glutamic acid forms 3-phosphoserine and removal of Pi yields serine. For the plant, see Glycine (plant). ...
The most fundamental reactions in chemistry are the redox processes. ...
Glycerate 3-phosphate (GP) or 3-phosphoglycerate (3PG). ...
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP) are two important coenzymes found in cells. ...
Transamination is the reaction between an amino acid and an alpha-keto acid. ...
Glutamic acid (Glu), also referred to as glutamate (the anion), is one of the 20 proteinogenic amino acids. ...
Above is a ball-and-stick model of the inorganic hydrogenphosphate anion (HPO42−). Colour coding: P (orange); O (red); H (white). ...
Function Serine is important in metabolism in that it participates in the biosynthesis of purines and pyrimidines, cysteine, tryptophan (in bacteria), and a large number of other metabolites. A few of the metabolic pathways in a cell. ...
Biosynthesis is a phenomenon where chemical compounds are produced from simpler reagents. ...
Purine is a heterocyclic aromatic organic compound, consisting of a pyrimidine ring that is fused with an imidazole ring. ...
Pyrimidine is a heterocyclic aromatic organic compound, which is similar to benzene and pyridine and that contains two nitrogen atoms at positions 1 and 3 of the six-membered ring. ...
Cysteine is a naturally occurring, sulfur-containing amino acid that is found in most proteins, although only in small quantities. ...
Tryptophan is an amino acid and essential in human nutrition. ...
When incorporated into the structure of enzymes, serine often plays an important role in their catalytic function. It has been shown to occur in the active sites of chymotrypsin, trypsin, and many other enzymes. The so-called nerve gases and many substances used in insecticides have been shown to act by combining with a residue of serine in the active site of acetylcholine esterase, inhibiting the enzyme completely. Without the esterase activity that usually destroys acetylcholine as soon as it performs its function, dangerously high levels of this neurotransmitter build up, quickly resulting in convulsions and death. Ribbon diagram of the enzyme TIM, surrounded by the space-filling model of the protein. ...
Chymotrypsin (bovine γ chymotrypsin: PDB 1AB9, EC 3. ...
Trypsin (EC 3. ...
Also known as Nerve agents, it is the term used for a type of chemical warfare substance that interferes with the transmission of nerve impulses. ...
An insecticide is a pesticide used against insects in all developmental forms. ...
In biochemistry, cholinesterase is a term which refers to one of the two enzymes: Acetylcholinesterase (EC 3. ...
An esterase is an hydrolase enzyme that splits esters into a acid and an alcohol in a chemical reaction with water called hydrolysis. ...
The chemical compound acetylcholine, often abbreviated as ACh, was the first neurotransmitter to be identified. ...
Chemical structure of D-Aspartic Acid, a common Amino Acid neurotransmitter. ...
This article is about the medical condition. ...
This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ...
As a constituent (residue) of proteins, its side chain can undergo O-linked glycosylation. This might be important in explaining some of the devastating consequences of diabetes. It is one of three amino acid residues that are commonly phosphorylated by kinases during cell signaling in eukaryotes. Phosphorylated serine residues are often referred to as phosphoserine. Serine proteases are a common type of protease. The term Side chain can have different meanings depending on the context: In chemistry and biochemistry a side chain is a part of a molecule attached to a core structure. ...
Glycosylation is the process or result of addition of saccharides to proteins and lipids. ...
This article is about the disease that features high blood sugar. ...
A phosphorylated serine residue Phosphorylation is the addition of a phosphate (PO4) group to a protein or a small molecule or the introduction of a phosphate group into an organic molecule. ...
In biochemistry, a kinase is a type of enzyme that transfers phosphate groups from, for example, ATP to a specified substrate or target; the process is termed phosphorylation. Typically, the target is activated or energized by being phosphorylated. ...
Overview of signal transduction pathways In biology, signal transduction refers to any process by which a cell converts one kind of signal or stimulus into another, most often involving ordered sequences of biochemical reactions inside the cell, that are carried out by enzymes and linked through second messengers resulting in...
Kingdoms Animalia - Animals Fungi Plantae - Plants Protista Alternative Phylogeny Unikonta Opisthokonta Amoebozoa Bikonta Apusozoa Cabozoa Rhizaria Excavata Corticata Archaeplastida Chromalveolata Animals, plants, fungi, and protists are eukaryotes (IPA: ), organisms with a complex cell or cells, where the genetic material is organized into a membrane-bound nucleus or nuclei. ...
Crystal structure of Trypsin, a typical serine protease. ...
D-serine, synthesized by serine racemase from L-serine, acts as a neuronal signaling molecule by activating NMDA receptors in the brain. The NMDA receptor (NMDAR) is an ionotropic receptor for glutamate (NMDA (N-methyl d-aspartate) is a name of its selective specific agonist). ...
Serine is also a precursor to Folate which is the principle donator of one carbon fragments for biosynthesis.
See also The Serine octamer cluster in physical chemistry is an unusually stable cluster consisting of eight serine molecules (Ser) implicated in the origin of homochirality . ...
External links - Computational Chemistry Wiki
- Links to external chemical sources
|
Feeds |
Contact