The Seven Second Summits are the second highest mountains of each of the seven continents. All of these mountain peaks are separate peaks rather than a sub-peak of the continents' high point. Color-coded regions of the world based on the seven commonly reckoned continents Dymaxion map by Buckminster Fuller shows land masses with minimal distortion as nearly one continuous continent A continent is one of several large landmasses on Earth. ...

Seven Second Summits definitions

The definition of continent is a matter of some dispute among mountaineers seeking to complete this challenge.

In Australia, using a more geographical definition (continuous landmass surrounded by oceans), the Australian continent only consists of mainland Australia, which makes Mount Kosciuszko (2,228 m) its highest summit. A more geological (Plate tectonics) view defines the Australian continent as mainland Australia, Tasmania and New Guinea, resulting in New Guinea's Carstensz Pyramid (4,884 m) being its highest summit. Geography (from the Greek words Geo (γη) or Gaea (γαια), both meaning Earth, and graphein (γραφειν) meaning to describe or to writeor to map) is the study of the earth and its features and of the distribution of life on the Earth, including human life and the effects of human activity. ... A world map showing the continent of Australia The Australian continental shelf (light blue) is contiguous with New Guinea, but not with other Pacific islands like New Zealand. ... Mount Kosciuszko, located in the Snowy Mountains, in Kosciuszko National Park, is the highest mountain in mainland Australia. ... This article includes a list of works cited but its sources remain unclear because it lacks in-text citations. ... Bridge across the Álfagjá rift valley in southwest Iceland, the boundary of the Eurasian and North American continental tectonic plates. ... Capital Hobart Government Const. ... Puncak Jaya (IPA: /pʊn. ...

In Europe, the generally accepted highest summit is Mount Elbrus (5,642 m) in the Caucasus. This is the accepted summit when the Caucasus mountains are included within Europe's boundaries. The issue is disputed, with some people considering Mont Blanc (4,808 m) to be Europe's highest mountain. This article is 150 kilobytes or more in size. ... Mount Elbrus (Russian: Эльбрус) is a peak located in the western Caucasus mountains, in Russia, near the border of Georgia. ... The Caucasus Mountains are a mountain system between the Black and Caspian seas in the Caucasus region, usually considered the southeastern limit of Europe. ... This article is about the Alpine mountain. ...

The Bass and Messner list

The Second Seven Summits list follows the Seven Summits list created by Richard Bass, who chose the highest mountain of mainland Australia, Mount Kosciuszko (2,228 m), to represent the Australian continent's highest summit. Reinhold Messner postulated another list (the Messner or Carstensz list) replacing Mount Kosciuszko with New Guinea's Carstensz Pyramid (4,884 m). The Seven Summits on an Elevation World Map. ... Richard Bass is the owner of Snowbird Ski Resort in Utah. ... Reinhold Messner (born September 17, 1944) is an Italian mountaineer and explorer, often cited [1] as the greatest mountain climber of all time, noted for making the first solo ascents of Mount Everest without supplemental oxygen and for being the first climber to ascend all fourteen eight-thousanders (peaks over...

Following the "Bass" list, Mount Townsend is the second highest summit (2,209 m) in Australia. According to the "Messner" list, Puncak Trikora, located in Indonesia, is the second tallest (4,730 m) on the Australian plate. Mount Townsend is the second highest peak of Australia. ... Puncak Trikora is a mountain in the Papua province of Indonesia and is part of the Jayawijaya Mountains in the Maoke Range. ...

Both lists count Mount Elbrus as the highest peak in Europe. This makes Gora Dykh-Tau (5,205 m), located in Russia, the second highest summit in Europe. Those who consider Mont Blanc to be the highest mountain in Europe would consider Monte Rosa (4,634 m), on the border between Italy and Switzerland, to be the second highest summit. Mount Elbrus (Russian: Эльбрус) is a peak located in the western Caucasus mountains, in Russia, near the border of Georgia. ... This article is about the Alpine mountain. ... Monte Rosa, seen from the Gornergrat above Zermatt) Monte Rosa is a mountain massif located in the Italian regions Piedmont and Aosta Valley and in the canton of Valais (Wallis) of Switzerland. ...

Mount Kenya is the highest mountain in Kenya, and the second-highest in Africa (after Mount Kilimanjaro). ... A world map showing the continent of Africa. ... Mount Tyree is the second highest mountain of Antarctica located 13 kilometres northwest of Vinson Massif (4,897m), the highest peak of the continent. ... Puncak Trikora is a mountain in the Papua province of Indonesia and is part of the Jayawijaya Mountains in the Maoke Range. ... Mount Townsend is the second highest peak of Australia. ... The North Face of K2 K2 is the second-highest mountain on Earth. ... World map showing the location of Asia. ... This article is 150 kilobytes or more in size. ... Mount Logan is Canadas highest mountain and the second-highest peak in North America, after Denali (Mount McKinley). ... World map showing North America A satellite composite image of North America. ... Ojos del Salado is a stratovolcano in the Andes on the border of Argentina-Chile. ... South America South America is a continent crossed by the equator, with most of its area in the Southern Hemisphere. ...

Difficulty versus Seven Summits

Alpinism author Jon Krakauer wrote in Into Thin Air that it would be a bigger challenge to climb the second-highest peak of each continent instead of the highest. This is especially true for Asia and Africa. K2 (8,611 m) demands greater technical climbing skills than Everest (8,848 m), while altitude-related factors such as the thinness of the atmosphere, high winds and low temperatures remain much the same. The summit of Mount Kenya (5,199 m) is a serious rock climb, while Mount Kilimanjaro (5,895 m) can be ascended without any technical difficulty. Jon Krakauer Jon Krakauer (born April 12, 1954), is an American non-fiction author and mountaineer, well-known for outdoor and mountain-climbing writing. ... Into Thin Air: A Personal Account of the Mt. ... Mount Kenya is the highest mountain in Kenya, and the second-highest in Africa (after Mount Kilimanjaro). ... For the album by The Teardrop Explodes, see Kilimanjaro (album). ...

References

• Krakauer, Jon (1997). Into Thin Air. Villard. ISBN 0-385-49208-1. 
• Bass, Dick; Frank Wells, Rick Ridgeway (1986). Seven Summits. Warner Books. ISBN 0-446-51312-1. 

Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ...

External links

Peak Bagger[1]