In ancient astronomy, before the telescope was invented, people referred to the Sun, Moon, and the five planets visible with the naked eye as the seven heavenly objects. Each had its own layer of heaven or sky assigned to it, and each was considered to be further and further away from Earth. Today we refer to the layers as the orbit of the object around the Sun. The Sun is the star at the center of the Solar System. ... Apparent magnitude: up to -12. ... Ancient Earth-centred model of the universe The Seven heavenly objects are the bright objects in the sky which can be seen with the naked eye from anywhere on the Earth: the planets Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn, the Sun, and Moon The days of the week are named... In physics, an orbit is the path that an object makes, around another object, whilst under the influence of a source of centripetal force, such as gravity. ...

It was believed by many cultures, and still is by some today, that when people die, their souls float into the sky, visiting each of the Seven Heavenly Objects as they travel to the outermost layer of heaven. When they reach that outermost layer, they are believed to actually meet God, who was/is supposed to exist just above the last layer of heaven, just above the orbit of the planet we currently call Saturn. Saturn was called Chronos by the Greeks, and was considered to be the Father of Time, and above it, time wasn't supposed to exist. This led to the idea that God exists "outside of time."^{[citation needed]} This article discusses the term God in the context of monotheism and henotheism. ... Note: This article contains special characters. ... In Greek mythology, Chronos (Χρονος in Greek) in pre-Socratic philosophical works is said to be the personification of time. ...

Judaism

According to Jewish mysticism, Heaven is divided into seven realms. In order from lowest to highest, the seven Heavens are listed alongside the angels who govern them and any further information:

1. Shamayim- The first Heaven, governed by Archangel Gabriel, is the closest of heavenly realms to the Earth; it is also considered the abode of Adam and Eve. Archangels are superior or higher-ranking angels. ... 12th-century icon of Archangel Gabriel from Novgorod In Abrahamic religions, Gabriel (גַּבְרִיאֵל, Standard Hebrew Gavriʼel, Latin Gabrielus, Greek , Tiberian Hebrew Gaḇrîʼēl, Arabic جبريل Jibrīl or Jibrail, literally Master, of God, i. ... Michelangelos The Creation of Adam, a fresco on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel, shows God creating Adam, with Eve in His arm. ... Look up eve in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

2. Raquia- The second Heaven is dually controlled by Zachariel and Raphael. It was in this Heaven that Moses, during his visit to Paradise, encountered the angel Nuriel who stood "300 parasangs high, with a retinue of 50 myriads of angels all fashioned out of water and fire." Also, Raquia is considered the realm where the fallen angels are imprisoned and the planets fastened (Rf: The Legends of the Jews I, 131, and II, 306) Raphael or Raffaello (April 6, 1483 – April 6, 1520) was an Italian master painter and architect of the Florentine school in High Renaissance, celebrated for the perfection and grace of his paintings. ...

3. Shehaqim- The third Heaven, under the leadership of Anahel, serves as the home of the Garden of Eden and the Tree of Life; it is also the realm where manna, the holy food of angels, is produced (Rf: The Legends of the Jews V, 374). The Second Book of Enoch, meanwhile, states that both Paradise and Hell are accommodated in Shehaqim with Hell being located simply "on the northen side."

4. Machonon- The fourth Heaven is ruled by the well-known Archangel Michael , and according to Talmud Hagiga 12, it contains the heavenly Jerusalem, the Temple, and the Altar.

5. Machon- The fifth Heaven is under the administration of Samael, an angel referred to as evil by some but is merely a dark servant of God to others.

6. Zebul- The sixth Heaven falls under the jurisdiction of Zachiel.

7. Araboth- The seventh Heaven, under the leadership of Cassiel, is the holiest of the seven Heavens provided the fact that it houses the Throne of Glory attended by the Seven Archangels and serves as the realm in which God dwells; underneath the throne itself lies the abode of all unborn human souls. It is also considered the home of the Seraphim, the Cherubim, and the Hayyoth. 六翼天使 Seraphim(六翼天使) is a Taiwanese symphonic metal band similar to Nightwish and Therion. ... A cherub (Hebrew כרוב; plural cherubim, כרובים) is an angelic creature mentioned several times in the Tanakh, or Old Testament, and in the Book of Revelation. ... The Hayyoth are a class of Merkabah, or Jewish Mystical Angels, on the same level as the Christian cherubim, and residing in the seventh heaven. ...

Islam

Islamic tradition recognises heaven and paradise as separate places. The heavens (as-samawat)are seven levels the lowest or first level is known as Dunyah. Dunyah encompasses the entire universe as we know it which includes the stars, planets, etc., as described in the Holy Qur'an:

"See you not how Allah has created the seven heavens one above another, and made the moon a light in their midst, and made the sun a Lamp?" (Surat Nuh 71:15-16)

"Blessed is He in Whose Hand is the dominion; and He is able to do all things. Who has created death and life that He may test you which of you is best in deed. And He is the Almighty, the Oft-Forgiving; Who has created the seven heavens one above another; you can see no fault in the creation of the Most Gracious. (Surat Al-Mulk 67:1-3).

As-Samawat (the heavens) are not the same as Al-Jannah (The Paradise). Jannah (paradise) is the final place for all of God's creation who believed there is only one God and did not associate others with Him, those who obeyed God's commandments and followed the Messengers of God and for those who did good deeds in their lives. Only these people enter the gates of paradise with the Mercy and Forgiveness of Allah (God).

Jannah has many levels. This belief is supported by the traditions (hadith) of Muhammad, the last Messenger of God to mankind:

"The best of the shuhada’ are those who fight in the first rank and do not turn their faces away until they are killed. They will have the pleasure of occupying the highest dwellings in Paradise. Your Lord will smile at them, and whenever your Lord smiles upon any of His slaves, that person will not be brought to account." [Musnad Ahmad, Kitab al-zuhd, 2/286, hadith no. 2982]

"The one who sponsors an orphan, whether from his own wealth or from the orphan’s wealth, I and he will be like these two in Paradise." – and Malik (the narrator) gestured with his forefinger and middle finger."

"Allah will raise the status of His righteous slave in Paradise, and he will say, ‘O my Lord, how could I deserve this?’ He will say, ‘Because your child sought forgiveness for you.’"

The highest level in Jannah is al-Wasilah. This is also narrated in a hadith narrated by Bukhari from Jabir ibn `Abdullah, according to which the Prophet, sallallahu `alaihi wa sallam said:

"Whoever says, when he hears the call to prayer: ‘Allahumma Rabba haadhihi’d-da`wati’t-taammah, wa’s-Salati’l-qaa’imah aati Muhammadan al-wasiilah wa’l-faDiilah, wab`athhu maqaaman maHmoodan alladhii wa`adtah (O Allah, Lord of this perfect Call, and the prayer to be offered, grant Muhammad al-Wasilah [the highest position in Paradise], and also the eminence, and resurrect him to the praised position You have promised),’ intercession for him will be granted on the Day of Resurrection."

The Sahabah asked the Prophet, sallallahu `alaihi wa sallam: "What is al-Wasilah?" He said, "It is the highest level of Paradise, which only one man will reach, and I hope that I will be the one." This was reported by Ahmad from Abu Hurayrah; Ahmad also reported from Abu Sa`id that the Messenger of Allah, sallallahu `alaihi wa sallam, said:

"Al-Wasilah is a rank above which there is no other in the sight of Allah. Ask Allah to grant me Al-Wasilah." [See Ibn Kathir, Al-Nihayah, 2/2332]

"When you pray ask for Firdaws, for it is in the middle of jannah and is higher in grade than the Jannah and above Firdaws is Allah’s throne, moreover the rivers of jannah flow from Firdaws." (Bukhari)

Christianity

Proverbially, among Christians it expresses bliss or happiness (e.g. "I am in Seventh Heaven")

References

Quranic translations by Abdullah Yusuf Ali. The Quran (Arabic al-qurʾān أَلْقُرآن; also transliterated as Quran, Koran, and less commonly Alcoran) is the holy book of Islam. ... Abdullah Yusuf Ali (14 April 1872 - 10 December 1953) was an Islamic scholar who translated the Quran into English. ...

• A Dictionary of Angels including the fallen angels, Gustav Davidson, The Free Press, New York, 1967 ISBN 002907052X
• The Legends of the Jews

See also

• Empyrean
• The guf
• Well of Souls