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This article deals with the cultural and social aspects and trends of the 1970s. For a detailed list of events, please see 1970s. Tasks icon from Novell Evolution, GNU GPL licensed File links The following pages link to this file: Talk:Anti-Semitism Talk:Alchemy Talk:Ludwig van Beethoven Talk:Black Talk:Cell (biology) Talk:Blood alcohol content Talk:Copyright Talk:Non-carbon biology Talk:Christmas Talk:Copyleft Talk:Computer security Talk:Democracy... The word culture comes from the Latin root colere (to inhabit, to cultivate, or to honor). ... The term social is derived from the Latin word socius, which as a noun means an associate, ally, business partner or comrade and in the adjectival form socialis refers to a bond between people (such as marriage) or to their collective or connected existence. ... Look up Trend in Wiktionary, the free dictionary Wikiquote quotations related to: Trend The word trend has a number of possible meanings: In statistics, a trend is a long-term movement in time series data after other components have been accounted for. ... There are many kinds of events. ... This article provides extensive lists of events and significant personalities of the 1970s. ...

The Seventies in its most obvious sense refers to the decade between 1970 and 1979 (see: 1970s), but the expression has taken on a wider meaning over the past several decades. 1970 was a common year starting on Thursday. ... 1979 is a common year starting on Monday. ... This article provides extensive lists of events and significant personalities of the 1970s. ...

In America the decade is often referred to as the "Me Decade", a label given by social analyst and writer Tom Wolfe. In a change from The Sixties, the American public largely changed their focus from bettering American society to helping themselves. Instead of social justice, many Americans focused on economic matters, which were worsening as the decade went on. The word America has several meanings: Geographical and political Americas, the continent which is divided in: North America, Central America and South America. ... Tom Wolfe (born March 2, 1931) is an American author and journalist. ... Woodstock: the iconic Sixties event The Sixties in its most obvious sense refers to the decade between 1960 and 1969 (see: 1960s), but the expression has taken on a wider meaning over the past 20 years. ...

In much of the world, it is remembered as the decade of the rise of new middle class, challenging old social hierarchies and bringing new hope for successive generation. However these dreams remained unfulfilled for much of the world and hence creating a lingering nostalgia for its passion for change and its hope for a prosperous and egalitarian society. The World in plate carrée projection The World The World (XXI) is a Major Arcana card in Tarot In English, world is rooted in a compound of the obsolete words were, man, and eld, age; thus, its oldest meaning is Age of Man. ... The middle class (or middle classes) comprises a social group once defined by exception as an intermediate social class between the nobility and the peasantry. ... Social hierarchy is a phrase used to the distribution of political power, wealth, and/or social status among people within a national or cultural group. ... Nostalgia currently describes a longing for the past, often idealized and unrealistic. ... A society is a group of human beings distinguishable from other groups by mutual interests, characteristic relationships, shared institutions and a common culture. ...

Worldwide trends in the Seventies

The dynamic world of the 1970s led to the experience of a zeitgeist that emerged from the transition of the global social structure from the end of World War II and the decline of colonial imperialism—to the rise of a newer middle class. Zeitgeist is originally a German expression, which means the spirit (Geist) of the times (Zeit). It denotes the intellectual and cultural climate of an era. ... Mushroom cloud from the nuclear explosion over Nagasaki rising 18 km (over 11 miles) into the air. ... World map of colonialism circa 1945. ...

Globally, the 1970s had several features that was similar and definitive across economic levels and regions. These aspects and essence that make up global essence of the 1970s are the defining points of the 1970s: the Bretton Woods system and its subsequent failure, the impact of the contraceptive pill on social-interactional dynamics, and the oil shock of 1973. Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Oral contraceptives are contraceptives which are taken orally and inhibit the bodys fertility by chemical means. ... An Energy Crisis is any great shortfall (or price rise) in the supply of energy to an economy. ... 1973 was a common year starting on Monday. ...

The developing nations experienced economic growth that came in the wake of political independence. However several african economies declined and political states became dictatorial regimes. Many middle eastern democracies crumbled into chaotic regimes with pseudo democratic governments. However the rise in global middle class brought about at the same time a challenge to long held social hierarchy. This consequently saw the duality of democratic transition amid increasing information blockade and ever-increasing numbers of people seeking urban life over an agrarian economy. Social hierarchy is a phrase used to the distribution of political power, wealth, and/or social status among people within a national or cultural group. ... The term urban means cities and towns as distinct from rural areas. ... Farming, ploughing rice paddy, in Indonesia Agriculture is the process of producing food, feed, fiber and other desired products by cultivation of certain plants and the raising of domesticated animals (livestock). ...

The 1970s ethos in much of the developing world was characterized by:

• its incessant need to redefine social norms to newer socio-economic system,
• the sheer pace at which they need to adapt to new social influences along with the need to integrate it to their native cultural context, and
• the constant aspiration for a more egalitarian society in cultures that were long colonised and have an even longer history of hierarchical social structure.

Other common global ethos of the seventies world include: increasingly flexible and varied gender roles for women contrasted with even more rigid gender roles for men, the unprecedented socio-economic impact of an ever increasing number of women entering the non-agrarian economic workforce, and the sweeping cultural-religious impact of the Iranian revolution towards the end of the 1970s in 1979. In sociology, a norm, or social norm, is a pattern of behavior expected within a particular society in a given situation. ... Social structure (also referred to as a social system) is a system in which people forming the society are organized by a patterns of prelationships. ... A bagpiper in military uniform. ... Protestors take to the street in support of Ayatollah Khomeini. ... 1979 is a common year starting on Monday. ...

The global experience of a cultural transition of the 1970s and an experience of a global zeitgeist revealed the inter-dependence of economies since World War II in 1945, and showed the huge impact of American economic policies on the world. 1945 was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ... The World in plate carrée projection The World The World (XXI) is a Major Arcana card in Tarot In English, world is rooted in a compound of the obsolete words were, man, and eld, age; thus, its oldest meaning is Age of Man. ...

Economy of the Seventies

The Marshall Plan that was implemented at the end of World War II brought out a renewed Europe out of the ashes of the war in the very early 1970s. The concept of European Union took on a fresh vigour with the surging economy. In the Third World, especially in the Asian economies, the very early 1970s brought about a new expanding middle class. U.S. postage stamp issued 1997 honoring the 50th anniversary of the Marshall Plan. ... Mushroom cloud from the nuclear explosion over Nagasaki rising 18 km (over 11 miles) into the air. ...

Toward the middle and end of the Seventies, however, inflation struck many Western countries, and unemployment rose soon after that, to the point where many world leaders, such as James Callaghan of the United Kingdom, and Jimmy Carter of the United States, could not control it, causing their support to dwindle. Leonard James Callaghan, Baron Callaghan of Cardiff, KG, PC (27 March 1912 – 26 March 2005), was Labour Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1976 to 1979. ... Order: 39th President Vice President: Walter Mondale Term of office: January 20, 1977 – January 20, 1981 Preceded by: Gerald Ford Succeeded by: Ronald Reagan Date of birth: October 1, 1924 Place of birth: Plains, Georgia First Lady: Rosalynn Carter Political party: Democratic James Earl Jimmy Carter, Jr. ...

Oil crisis

Scenes like this one, at an Amoco station in 1973, were common throughout the Western world. Also common were long lines to receive rationed petrol products.

Economically, the seventies were marked by the energy crisis which peeked in 1973 and 1979. See 1973 oil crisis and 1979 oil crisis. After the first oil shock in 1973 gasoline was rationed in many countries. Especially Europe depended on the Middle East for oil; the US was also affected even though it has its own oil reserves. Many European countries introduced car-free days. In the US, customers with a licence plate ending in an odd number were only allowed to buy gasoline on odd-numbered days, and the same rule applied to straight numbered licence plates. The experience that oil reserves were not endless and technological development was not sustainable without harming the environment ended the age of modernism. As a result, ecological awareness rose. 1973 energy crisis File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... 1973 energy crisis File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Amoco was a United States oil company formed from the dissolution of Standard Oil. ... 1973 was a common year starting on Monday. ... At the height of the crisis in the United States, drivers of vehicles with odd numbered license plates were allowed to purchase gasoline only on odd-numbered days of the month, while drivers with even-numbers were limited to even-numbered days. ... (Redirected from 1979 oil crisis) The 1979 (or second) energy crisis occurred in the wake of the Iranian Revolution. ... Petrol (gasoline in the United States and Canada) is a petroleum-derived liquid mixture consisting primarily of hydrocarbons, used as fuel in internal combustion engines. ... Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs, according to Our Common Future, a 1987 report from the UN. One of the factors which sustainable development must overcome is environmental degradation. ... Le Corbusiers Villa Savoye, 1929-30: The modern style is noted for its rigorous geometrical forms, and became adopted internationally, though not without continuing controversy Modernism in the cultural historical sense is generally defined as the new artistic and literary styles that emerged in the decades before 1914 as...

Environmentalism

The Seventies brought on an increased awareness in environmental issues. On April 22, 1970, the United States celebrated their first Earth Day in which over two thousand colleges and universities, and roughly ten thousand primary and secondary schools participated. The increase also was represented with the increasing use of nuclear power over fossil fuels. However, with the increasing expenses of nuclear power the opposition likewise grew. [1] (http://www.globalpublicmedia.com/articles/180) Environmentalism is the support or involvement with the environmental movement by environmentalists. ... April 22 is the 112th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (113th in leap years). ... 1970 was a common year starting on Thursday. ... Earth flag Earth Day is a name used by two different observances held annually in the (northern) spring, both intended to inspire awareness of and appreciation for the planets fragile environment. ... This article is about power derived from nuclear reactions. ... Coal rail cars in Ashtabula, Ohio Fossil fuels, also known as mineral fuels, are hydrocarbon-containing natural resources such as coal, petroleum and natural gas. ...

Culture during the Seventies

The Seventies in music

To many people, the Seventies will be most remembered for the rise in disco music. First creeping into dance clubs in the mid-Seventies (with such hits as "The Hustle" by Van McCoy), songstresses like Donna Summer, Gloria Gaynor and Anita Ward popularized the genre and were described in subsequent decades as the "disco divas." The Village People scored a Top Ten hit with "Y.M.C.A." and the Bee Gees had a string of #1s following their collaboration on the Saturday Night Fever soundtrack. Disco is an up-tempo style of dance music (generally between 110 and 136 beats per minute) that originated in the early 1970s, mainly from funk and soul music, popular with audiences in larger cities all over the world, and derives its name from the French word discothèque (meaning... The Hustle is a disco or nightclub partner social dance that was extremely popular in the 1970s. ... Van McCoy Van Allen Clinton McCoy (January 6, 1940 - July 6, 1979) was a music producer, musician, and songwriter who had a massive hit with the disco song The Hustle in 1975, after writing hits for soul acts like Gladys Knight and the Pips, and Ruby and the Romantics, as... Donna Summer on the cover of her 1993 collection The Donna Summer Anthology Donna Summer (born la Donna Andrea Gaines on December 31, 1948) is an American pop music singer best known for a string of disco music hits in the 1970s that earned her the title Queen of Disco... Gloria Gaynor (real name Gloria Fowles, born September 7, 1949) is a U.S. singer best-known for the disco hit songs I Will Survive (1979) and Never Can Say Goodbye (1973). ... Anita Ward Anita Ward (born December 20, 1957 in Memphis, Tennessee) is an American singer. ... Village People were a disco band of the late 1970s. ... Members of the Yankee Stadium grounds crew pause to do the YMCA dance YMCA, which is played in the key of G-flat major, is the title of a joyful and sublimely deadpan 1978 song by The Village People. ... The Bee Gees: Maurice, Barry and Robin The Bee Gees were a British and Australian band, originally a pop singer-songwriter combination, reborn as funk and disco. ... Saturday Night Fever is a 1977 movie starring John Travolta based around New York discotheques of the disco era period, the associated music and dancing, and the subculture surrounding such. ...

As quickly as disco's popularity came, however, it fell out of favor with the new decade, and effectively died in 1981, with the popularity of new wave bands such as Blondie and Devo, who both formed their respective bands in the Seventies. Many of the aforementioned singers who became popular during the disco era found themselves out of tune with the 1980s, and were out of work for many years, until a renewed interest in disco brought many of them back to the forefront. Many songs from the disco era are still very popular dance hits and receive continuous airplay in nightclubs throughout the world. 1981 is a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The term New Wave has been used to describe several movements in art. ... Blondie is a rock band that first gained fame in the 1970s and early 1980s. ... Promotional photo distributed during Are We Not Men? era. ... Events and trends The 1980s marked an abrupt shift towards more conservative lifestyles after the momentous cultural revolutions which took place in the 1960s and 1970s and the definition of the AIDS virus in 1981. ...

The mid-seventies saw the rise of punk music from its protopunk/garage band roots in the 1960s and early 1970s. The Ramones, the Sex Pistols, and The Clash were some of the earliest acts to make it big in bot the United Kingdom and the United States. Groups like the clash were noted for the experimentation of style, especially that of having strong reggae influences in their music. Punk music has also been heavily associated with a certain punk fashion and absurdist humor which exemplified a genuine suspicion of mainstream culture and values. Punk rock is an anti-establishment music movement beginning around 1976 (although precursors can be found several years earlier), exemplified and popularised by The Ramones, the Sex Pistols, The Clash and The Damned. ... Protopunk is a term used to describe a number of performers who were important precursors of punk rock, or who have been cited by early punk rockers as influential. ... For the software created by Apple, see GarageBand Garage band is a general term for startup bands, often consisting of teenagers and twenty-somethings. ... Events and trends The 1960s was a turbulent decade of change around the world. ... The Ramones (L-R, Johnny, Tommy, Joey, Dee Dee) on the cover of their debut self-titled album (1976), cementing their place at the dawn of the punk movement. ... The Sex Pistols in 1977. ... The Clash in 1978. ... Reggae is a style of music developed in Jamaica and is closely linked to the Rastafari movement, though not universally popular among Rastafarians. ... Punk fashion is a fashion style largely associated with the punk movement during the late 1970s and early 1980s. ...

Topics

• The Singer-songwriter movement (Carly Simon, Cat Stevens, James Taylor, etc.)
• Development of Alt-country (Gram Parsons, The Eagles, Emmylou Harris, etc.)
• Heavy metal (Led Zepplin, The Who, etc.)
• Bubblegum pop (Osmonds, Jackson 5, etc.)
• "art rock" (Genesis, Pink Floyd, etc.)
• Glam rock (David Bowie, Elton John, etc.)
• Popularization of Country music
• Popularization of Reggae
• Minimalist music in European classical music
• Classical rock especially Pink Floyd Echoes (1971 song).

The term singer-songwriter refers to performers who both write and sing their own material. ... Carly Elisabeth Simon (born June 25, 1945 in New York City) is an American musician who emerged as one of the leading lights of the early 1970s singer-songwriter boom. ... Cat Stevenss birth name was Stephen Demetre Georgiou. ... James Taylor (born March 12, 1948) is an American singer-songwriter, born in Boston, Massachusetts. ... Alternative country can refer to several ideas. ... Gram Parsons, wearing his Nudie suit on the lot of A&M records Gram Parsons (November 5, 1946 – September 19, 1973), born Cecil Ingram Connor III, was a folk and country rock singer, influential to many later artists. ... The Eagles are an American rock music group that originally came together in Los Angeles, California in the early 1970s. ... Emmylou Harris on the cover of her collection Profile Emmylou Harris (born April 2, 1947) is a country music singer, songwriter and musician from Birmingham, Alabama, USA. Harris graduated high school as class valedictorian and won a dramatic scholarship to the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. ... Heavy metals, in chemistry, are chemical elements of a particular range of atomic weights. ... Led Zeppelin (clockwise from left: Robert Plant, Jimmy Page, John Bonham, John Paul Jones) Led Zeppelin was a British band noted for their innovative, influential approach to heavy blues-rock and as one of the most popular and influential bands of all time. ... The Who in 1968. ... Bubblegum pop (bubblegum rock, bubblegum music) is a genre of popular music and rock and roll. ... The Osmonds are an American family pop group who achieved enormous worldwide success as teenybopper idols in the 1970s. ... The cover to the Jackson 5s first LP, Diana Ross Presents the Jackson 5, released on Motown Records in 1969. ... Art rock is a sub-genre of rock music that is characterized by ambitious lyrical themes and melodic or rhythmic experimentation, often extending beyond standard pop song forms and toward influences in jazz, classical, or the avant-garde. ... Genesis (Greek: Γένεσις, having the meanings of birth, creation, cause, beginning, source and origin) is the first book of the Torah (five books of Moses) and hence the first book of the Tanakh, part of the Hebrew Bible; it is also the first book of the Christian Old Testament. ... Pink Floyd c. ... Glam rock (less commonly glitter rock), a style of rock music popularized in the 1970s, was mostly a British phenomenon and confined to larger cities in the U.S., such as New York and Los Angeles. ... David Bowie David Robert Jones (born January 8, 1947), better known as David Bowie, is a British rock and roll musician, actor, and artist who has had a profound influence on rock and roll from the 1960s to the present. ... Elton John Sir Elton Hercules John, KBE (born March 25, 1947) is a highly successful British pop singer, pianist, and songwriter. ... Country music, once known as country and western music, is a popular musical form developed in the southern United States, with roots in traditional folk music, spirituals, and the blues. ... Reggae is a style of music developed in Jamaica and is closely linked to the Rastafari movement, though not universally popular among Rastafarians. ... Minimalist music is a genre of post-1960s classical music and experimental music which displays some or all of the following features: emphasis on consonant harmony, if not functional tonality; reiteration of musical phrases, with subtle, gradual, and/or infrequent variation over long periods of time, possibly limited to simple... Classical music is a broad, somewhat imprecise term, referring to music produced in, or rooted in the traditions of, European art, ecclesiastical and concert music, particularly between 1000 and 1900. ... Genre Classic rock was originally conceived as a radio station broadcasting format and although loosely defined, it generally includes the music from rock bands formed between the early 1960s and late 1970s. ... Echoes is a song by Pink Floyd including lengthy instrumental passages. ...

The Seventies in cinema

The decade opened with Hollywood facing a financial slump, reflecting the monetary woes of the nation as a whole during the first half of the decade. Despite this, the seventies proved to be a benchmark decade in the development of cinema, both as an artform and a business. With young filmakers taking greater risks and restrictions regarding language and sexuality lifting, Hollywood produced some its most critically acclaimed and financially successful films since it's supposed "golden era."

Marlon Brando won Best Actor honors at the Academy Awards for his role in the 1972 hit The Godfather. He boycotted the ceremony and sent Native American Sacheen Littlefeather to accept the award instead. Also pictured are Roger Moore and Liv Ullmann.

In the years previous to 1970, Hollywood had began to cater to the younger generation with films such as The Graduate. This proved a folly when anti-war films like R.P.M. and The Strawberry Statement became major box office flops. Even solid films with bankable stars, like the Pearl Harbor epic Tora! Tora! Tora! flopped, leaving studios in dire straights financially. Unable to repay financiers, studios began selling off land, furniture, clothing, and sets acquired over years of production. Nostalgic fans bid on merchandise and collectables ranging from Judy Garland's sparkling red shoes to MGM's own back lots. Roger Moore, Liv Ullman, and Sacheen Littlefeather at the 45th Annual Academy Awards, March 27, 1973 File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Roger Moore, Liv Ullman, and Sacheen Littlefeather at the 45th Annual Academy Awards, March 27, 1973 File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Marlon Brando in A Streetcar Named Desire, photographed by Carl Van Vechten, 1948 Marlon Brando, Jr. ... Although he never won an Oscar for any of his movie performances, the comedian Bob Hope received two honorary Oscars for his contributions to cinema. ... 1972 was a leap year that started on a Saturday. ... Native Americans (also Indians, Aboriginal Peoples, American Indians, First Nations, Alaskan Natives, Amerindians, or Indigenous Peoples of America) are the indigenous inhabitants of The Americas prior to the European colonization, and their modern descendants. ... Sacheen Littlefeather (born 1947), was a minor movie actress and activist who donned Apache dress and rejected the Oscar on behalf of actor Marlon Brando in a prepared statement at the March 27, 1973 Academy Awards. ... Categories: People stubs | James Bond actors | Cinema actors | English actors | Hollywood Walk of Fame | Television actors ... Liv Ullmann (born December 16, 1939) is a Norwegian actress, author and film director. ... The Graduate is a novel by Charles Webb, made into a 1967 film of the same name directed by Mike Nichols from a screenplay by Calder Willingham and Buck Henry. ... Satellite image of Pearl Harbor. ... The movie Tora! Tora! Tora! (トラ・トラ・トラ！), released in 1970, is a dramatization of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor and the series of American blunders that aggravated its effectiveness. ... Judy Garland (June 10, 1922 – June 22, 1969) was an American film actress who is considered one of the greatest singing stars of Hollywoods Golden Era of musical film. ... MGM logo Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer or MGM, is a large media company, involved primarily in the production and distribution of cinema and television programs. ...

More of the successful films were those based in the harsh truths of war, rather than the excesses of the 60s. Films like Patton, about the World War II general, and M*A*S*H, about a Korean War field hospital, were major box office draws in 1970. Honest, old-fashioned films, like Five Easy Pieces and the Erich Segal adaptation, Love Story, were both commercial and critical hits. Patton is a 1970 biographical film which tells the story of General George Pattons commands during World War II. It stars George C. Scott, Karl Malden and Michael Bates. ... Mushroom cloud from the nuclear explosion over Nagasaki rising 18 km (over 11 miles) into the air. ... M*A*S*H was the title of a novel that was later adapted into a critically acclaimed film, and one of the most popular American television series ever. ... The Korean War (Korean: 한국전쟁), from June 25, 1950 to July 27, 1953, was a conflict between North Korea and South Korea. ... 1970 was a common year starting on Thursday. ... Five Easy Pieces is a 1970 film which tells the story of Bobby Dupea (played by Jack Nicholson), a concert pianist who is estranged from his family. ... Erich Wolf Segal (born June 16, 1937 in Brooklyn, New York) is an American author, screenwriter and educator. ... Love Story is a 1970 romance motion picture drama directed by Arthur Hiller that tells the story of two college students: Oliver, the emotionally vacant son of rich parents; and the girl he falls in love with, Jenny, a brassy music major at Radcliffe. ...

One of the most insightful films of the decade came from the mind of a Hollywood outsider, Czechoslovakian director Milos Forman, whose Taking Off became a bold reflection of life at the beginning of the seventies. The 1971 satirized the American middle-class, following a young girl who runs away from home, leaving her parents free to explore life for the first time in years. While the film was never given a wide release in America, it became a major critical achievement both in America and around the world (garnering the film high honors at the Cannes Film Festival and several BAFTA Award nominations). Jan Tomáš Forman (born February 18, 1932), better known as Miloš Forman, is a film director, actor and script writer. ... 1971 is a common year starting on Friday (click for link to calendar). ... Wikiquote has a collection of quotations by or about: United States Wikinews has news related to this article: United States United States government Official website of the United States government - Gateway to governmental sites White House - Official site of the US President Senate. ... The palace in which the festival takes place. ... The British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA), is a British organization that hosts annual awards shows for film, television, childrens film and television, and interactive media. ...

An adaptation of an Arthur Hailey novel would prove to be one of the most notable films of 1970, and would set the stage for a major trend in seventies cinema. The film, Airport, featured a complex plot, characters, and an all-star cast of Hollywood A-listers and a legends. Airport followed an airport manager trying to keep a fictional Chicago airport operational during a blizzard, as well as a bomb plot to blow up an airplane. The film was a major critical and financial success, helping pull Universal Studios into the black for the year. The film earned senior actress, Helen Hayes and Oscar for Best Supporting Actress and garnered many other nominations in both technical and talent catagories. The success of the film launched a slew of disaster related films, many of which following the same blueprint of major stars, a melodramatic script, and great suspense. Arthur Hailey (April 5, 1920 - November 24, 2004) was a British/Canadian/American/Bahamian novelist. ... Chicago (officially named the City of Chicago) is the third largest city in the United States (after New York City and Los Angeles), with an official population of 2,896,016, as of the 2000 census. ... Universal Studios logo Universal Studios is a famous Hollywood movie studio located at 100 Universal City Plaza Drive in Universal City, California, which is in the San Fernando Valley. ... Helen Hayes circa 1931 Helen Hayes (October 10, 1900 - March 17, 1993) was an American actress whose successful and award-winning career spanned almost 70 years. ... The Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress is one of the awards given to people working in the motion picture industry by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences; nominations are made by Academy members who are actors and actresses. ...

1972's "The Poseidon Adventure" was the inspiration of a string of star-studded "disaster films."

Three Airport sequels followed in 1974, 1977, and 1979, each successor making less money than the last. 1972 brought The Poseidon Adventure, which starred a young Gene Hackman leading an all-star cast to safety in a capsized luxury liner. The film earned an Academy Award for visual effects (and Best Original Song for "The Morning After," as well as numerous nominations, including one for its notable supporting star, Shelley Winters. The Towering Inferno teamed Steve McQueen and Paul Newman against a fire in a New York skyscraper. The film cost a whopping $14 million to produce (expensive for its time), and won Academy Awards for Cinematography, Film Editing, and Best Original Song. The same year, the epic Earthquake featured questionable effects (camera shake and models) to achieve a destructive 9.9 earthquake in Los Angeles. Despite this, the film was one of the most successful of its time, earning $80 million at box office. By the late seventies, the novelty had worn off and the disasters had become less exciting. 1977 brought a terrorist targeting a Rollercoaster, a 1978 Swarm of bees, and a less than threatening Meteor in 1979. This is a copyrighted poster. ... This is a copyrighted poster. ... 1972 was a leap year that started on a Saturday. ... 1974 is a common year starting on Tuesday (click on link for calendar). ... 1977 was a common year starting on Saturday (the link is to a full 1977 calendar). ... 1979 is a common year starting on Monday. ... 1972 was a leap year that started on a Saturday. ... The Poseidon Adventure was a 1972 adventure movie based on a novel by Paul Gallico. ... Gene Hackman Gene Hackman (born January 30, 1930) is an American actor. ... Although he never won an Oscar for any of his movie performances, the comedian Bob Hope received two honorary Oscars for his contributions to cinema. ... The Morning After is a 1986 film which tells the story of an alcoholic woman who wakes up after a long drinking bout to find a murdered man in the bed next to her. ... Winters in Cry of the City (1948) Shelley Winters (born August 18, 1920) is an American actress. ... The Towering Inferno is a 1974 disaster movie starring Steve McQueen, Paul Newman, William Holden, Faye Dunaway, Fred Astaire, Susan Blakely, Richard Chamberlain, Jennifer Jones, O. J. Simpson, Robert Vaughn, and Robert Wagner. ... Steve McQueen in The Great Escape Steve McQueen (March 24, 1930–November 7, 1980) was an American movie actor and one of the most popular and highly-successful box-office superstars of the 1960s and 1970s. ... Paul Leonard Newman (born January 26, 1925) is an American actor and film director. ... Global earthquake epicenters, 1963–1998 An earthquake is a trembling or a shaking movement of the Earths surface. ... This article is about the largest city in California. ... 1977 was a common year starting on Saturday (the link is to a full 1977 calendar). ... Rollercoaster is a film, released on June 10, 1977, directed by James Gladstone with a runtime of 119 minutes. ... 1978 was a common year starting on Sunday (the link is to a full 1978 calendar). ... The Swarm was a 1978 horror movie about killer bees that attack in giant swarms. ... Meteor (1979) is a film in which scientists detect an asteroid on a collision course with Earth and struggle with international, cold war politics in their efforts to prevent disaster. ... 1979 is a common year starting on Monday. ...

1971 brought a rebirth of the action film, three years after the influential Bullitt. The French Connection, staring Gene Hackman, brought suspense to knew heights with an adrenaline broiling car chase through the streets of New York City, while Get Carter featured gratuitous nudity and A Clockwork Orange featured much blood and gore to compliment its complex story. African American film-makers also found success in the seventies with such hits as Shaft and Superfly, and more questionable films, such as Blacula and Blackenstein. 1971 is a common year starting on Friday (click for link to calendar). ... Bullitt was a 1968 film starring Steve McQueen as Detective Frank Bullitt. ... This page is about the film. ... Gene Hackman Gene Hackman (born January 30, 1930) is an American actor. ... Midtown Manhattan, looking north from the Empire State Building, 2005 New York City (officially named the City of New York) is the largest city, by population, in the United States. ... A poster for Get Carter Get Carter is a 1971 British crime film, directed by Mike Hodges and starring Michael Caine as Jack Carter, a veteran gangster who sets out to avenge the death of his brother. ... A Clockwork Orange is a dystopian 1962 novel by the Mancunian writer Anthony Burgess, and forms the basis for the 1971 film adaptation by Stanley Kubrick. ... African Americans, also known as Afro-Americans or black Americans, are an ethnic group in the United States of America whose ancestors, usually in predominant part, were indigenous to Sub-Saharan and West Africa. ... A shaft can be a hole in the earth typically used for mineral extraction, such as mining. ... Superfly is a 1972 (see 1972 in film) blaxploitation film known primarily for its soundtrack by soul singer Curtis Mayfield (see Superfly (soundtrack)). The movie starred Ron ONeal as Youngblood Priest, a cocaine dealer who is trying to quit the business. ...

An adaptation of a Mario Puzo novel, The Godfather, became one of the best-loved and most respected works of cinema upon its release in 1972. The three hour epic followed a Mafia boss, played by Marlon Brando, through his life of crime. Beyond the violence and drama were themes of love, pride, and greed. The Godfather went on to earn $134 million at American box office, and $245 million throughout the world. It won Academy Awards for Best Picture, Best Actor, and Best Screenplay. It's director Francis Ford Coppola was passed over in favor of Bob Fosse and his musical, Cabaret, which also earned an Oscar for its star, Liza Minelli. The Godfather: Part II followed in 1974, with roughly the same principal cast and crew, earning Oscars for star Robert De Nero, its director, composer, screenwriters and art directors. The film also earned the Best Picture Oscar for that year. Mario Puzo Mario Puzo (October 15, 1920 - July 2, 1999) was an author who is famous for his fictional books about the Mafia. ... The Godfather is a novel written by Mario Puzo about a fictitious Italian Mafia family. ... 1972 was a leap year that started on a Saturday. ... Marlon Brando in A Streetcar Named Desire, photographed by Carl Van Vechten, 1948 Marlon Brando, Jr. ... The Godfather is a novel written by Mario Puzo about a fictitious Italian Mafia family. ... Francis Ford Coppola (born April 7, 1939 in Detroit, Michigan) is an American film director, screenwriter, vintner, magazine publisher, and hotelier. ... Bob Fosse (June 23, 1927 - September 23, 1987) is known as one of musical theaters greatest choreographers and directors. ... Cabaret is a form of entertainment featuring comedy, song, dance, and theatre, distinguished mainly by the performance venue - a restaurant or nightclub with a stage for performances and the audience sitting around the tables (often dining or drinking) watching the performance. ... Liza Minnelli (born March 12, 1946) is an American actress and singer. ... Al Pacino as Don Michael Corleone in The Godfather Part II The Godfather, Part II is the 1974 sequel to The Godfather. ... 1974 is a common year starting on Tuesday (click on link for calendar). ...

The replacement of Sean Connery first with George Lazenby, and then with Roger Moore in the James Bond series created a minor bump for the 60s hit in the seventies. While 1973's Live and Let Die was a moderate success, the following films in the series didn't live up to expectations. The highest-grossing of the seventies Bond films, 1979's Moonraker, is viewed by many as the weakest of the franchise. Sean Connery Sir Thomas Sean Connery (born August 25, 1930 in Edinburgh, Scotland) better known simply as Sean Connery, is a Scottish film actor who has starred in many films and is best known as the original cinematic James Bond. ... George Lazenby as James Bond 007 George Lazenby (born September 5, 1939) is an Australian actor. ... Categories: People stubs | James Bond actors | Cinema actors | English actors | Hollywood Walk of Fame | Television actors ... James Bond, also known as 007 (pronounced double-oh seven), is a fictional British spy introduced by writer Ian Fleming in 1953. ... 1973 was a common year starting on Monday. ... 2002 Penguin Books paperback edition Live and Let Die is the second James Bond novel by Ian Fleming, first published in 1954. ... 1979 is a common year starting on Monday. ... A 2002 Penguin Books paperback edition Moonraker is both a James Bond book by Ian Fleming first published in 1955, and a 1979 movie loosely adapted from the book. ...

Other massively successful films would soon take Bond's place in the seventies. It was at this time that the blockbuster was born. While the 1973 horror classic, The Exorcist was among the top five grossing films of the seventies, the first film given the blockbuster distinction was 1975's Jaws. Released on June 20th, the film about a series of horrific deaths related to a massive great white shark was director Steven Spielberg's first big-budget Hollywood production, coming in at a cool $9 million in cost. The film slowly grew in ticket sales and became one of the most profitable films of its time, ending with a $260 million dollar gross in the United States alone. The film won Academy Awards for its skillful editing, chilling score, and sound recording. It was also nominated for Best Picture that year, though it lost to Milos Forman's One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (which also won acting awards for Jack Nicholson and Louise Fletcher). For the large bomb used in World War II by the Royal Air Force and the United States Air Force, see Blockbuster bomb. ... The Exorcist is an influential and successful 1973 horror film, adapted by William Peter Blatty from his 1971 novel of the same name. ... 1975 was a common year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1975 calendar). ... For other uses of the word jaws, see jaws (disambiguation). ... June 20 is the 171st day of the year (172nd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 194 days remaining. ... Steven Spielberg Steven Allan Spielberg (born on December 18, 1946 in Cincinnati, Ohio), is a Jewish-American film director whose films range from science fiction to historical drama to horror. ... Jan Tomáš Forman (born February 18, 1932), better known as Miloš Forman, is a film director, actor and script writer. ... Film poster for One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest is a novel by Ken Kesey first published in 1962. ... Jack Nicholson John Joseph Nicholson (born April 22, 1937) is a highly successful, iconic American method actor. ... Louise Fletcher (born July 22, 1934) is an American actress. ...

The enormous success of Star Wars, the highest-grossing movie of 1977, was not soon surpassed.

The massive success of Jaws was eclipsed just two years later by another legendary blockbuster and film franchise. The George Lucas science-fiction epic, Star Wars, hit theater screens in May of 1977, and became a major hit, growing in ticket sales throughout the summer, and the rest of the year. In time earning some $460 million, the good versus evil fantasy set in space was not soon surpassed. The film's breathtaking visual effects won an Academy Award. The film also won for John Williams' uplifting score, as well as art direction, costume design, film editing, and sound. Star Wars effectively removed any specter of studio bankruptcy that had haunted the studios since early in the decade. Another success in visual effects came the same year, with Steven Spielberg's Close Enounters of the Third Kind, another block buster and alien contact set in the wilderness. For the picture, Spielberg received his first Oscar nomination for direction. Original 1977 movie poster of Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope This work is copyrighted. ... Original 1977 movie poster of Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope This work is copyrighted. ... 1977 was a common year starting on Saturday (the link is to a full 1977 calendar). ... For other uses of the word jaws, see jaws (disambiguation). ... George Lucas George Walton Lucas, Jr. ... For the missile defense program, see Strategic Defense Initiative. ... 1977 was a common year starting on Saturday (the link is to a full 1977 calendar). ... Although he never won an Oscar for any of his movie performances, the comedian Bob Hope received two honorary Oscars for his contributions to cinema. ... There have been a number of noteworthy men named John Williams: John Williams (actor) (1903-1983), actor John Williams (archer) American archer and Olympic gold medallist John Williams (author) (1922-), wrote historical novel Augustus John Williams (accordionist), Chicago-born accordion player John Williams (archbishop) (1582-1650), archbishop John Williams (composer... Steven Spielberg Steven Allan Spielberg (born on December 18, 1946 in Cincinnati, Ohio), is a Jewish-American film director whose films range from science fiction to historical drama to horror. ...

Throughout the seventies, the horror film developed into a lucrative genre of film. It began in 1973 with the terrifying The Exorcist, directed by William Friedkin and starring the young Linda Blair. The film became saw massive success, and the first of several sequels was released in 1977. 1976 brought the equally creepy suspense thriller, Marathon Man, about a man who becomes to target of a former Nazi dentist's torment after his brother dies. The same year, the Devil himself made an appearance in The Omen, about the spawn of Satan. 1978's Halloween was a precurser to the slasher films of the eighties and nineties with its psychopathic Michael Myers. Cult horror films were also popular in the seventies, such as Wes Craven's early gore films Last House on the Left and The Hills Have Eyes, as well as Tobe Hooper's The Texas Chainsaw Massacre. The Exorcist is an influential and successful 1973 horror film, adapted by William Peter Blatty from his 1971 novel of the same name. ... William Friedkin (born August 29, 1935 in Chicago, Illinois) is a movie and television director, producer, and writer best known for directing The Exorcist and The French Connection in the early 1970s. ... Linda Blair (born January 22, 1959) is an American actress famous for her role as the possessed child in The Exorcist. ... 1976 is a leap year starting on Thursday (link will take you to calendar). ... Marathon Man is a thriller novel by William Goldman. ... DVD cover for The Omen The Omen is a 1976 horror film directed by Richard Donner and starring Gregory Peck, Lee Remick, David Warner, Harvey Stephens, Billie Whitelaw, Patrick Troughton, and Leo McKern. ... 1978 was a common year starting on Sunday (the link is to a full 1978 calendar). ... Halloween is a holiday celebrated on the night of October 31, usually by children dressing in costumes and going door-to-door collecting candy. ... Wesley Earl Craven (born August 2, 1939 in Cleveland, Ohio) is an American film director and writer best known as the creator of many horror films, including the Nightmare on Elm Street feature film series. ... The Last House on the Left is a 1972 horror film written and directed by Wes Craven. ... The Hills Have Eyes is a 1977 horror film directed by Wes Craven that stars Michael Berryman. ... Tobe Hooper is an American television and film director best known for his work in the horror film genre. ... The Texas Chainsaw Massacre is a low-budget horror film, made in 1974 by director Tobe Hooper and starring Marilyn Burns, Gunnar Hansen, Edwin Neal, Allen Danzinger, Paul A. Partain, and Jim Siedow. ...

In the mid-seventies movies began to reflect the disenfranchisment brought by the excesses of the past twenty years. A deeply unsettling look at alienation and city life, Taxi Driver earned international praise, first at the Cannes Film Festival, and then at the Academy Awards, where it was nominated for Best Leading Actor (Robert De Niro), Best Supporting Actress (Jodie Foster), Best Score (Bernard Herrmann), and Best Picture. All the President's Men dealt with the impeachment of Richard Nixon, while Network portrayed greed and narcissism in both American society and television media. The film won Oscars for Best Actor (Peter Finch), Best Actress (Faye Dunaway), Best Supporting Actres (Beatrice Straight), and Best Screenplay (Paddy Chayefsky). Thanks to a stellar cast, experienced director, and a poignant story, Network became one of the largest critical successes of 1976. Taxi Driver is a 1976 American motion picture drama directed by Martin Scorsese. ... The palace in which the festival takes place. ... Although he never won an Oscar for any of his movie performances, the comedian Bob Hope received two honorary Oscars for his contributions to cinema. ... Robert De Niro Robert De Niro, Jr. ... Jodie Foster Alicia Christian Jodie Foster (born November 19, 1962) is an American actress and director. ... Bernard Herrmann (June 29, 1911 – December 24, 1975) was a composer, best known for his film scores, particularly for those directed by Alfred Hitchcock. ... All the Presidents Men is a 1974 non-fiction book by Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein, the two journalists investigating the Watergate scandal for the Washington Post. ... Order: 37th President Vice President: Spiro Agnew (1969–1973), Gerald R. Ford (1973–1974) Term of office: January 20, 1969 – August 9, 1974 Preceded by: Lyndon B. Johnson Succeeded by: Gerald R. Ford Date of birth: January 9, 1913 Place of birth: Yorba Linda, California Date of death: April 22... Network is a 1976 satirical film which tells about a television network named Union Broadcasting System (UBS) and its struggle with poor TV ratings. ... Peter Finch (September 28, 1916 - January 14, 1977) was an English-born actor with strong Australian connections. ... Faye Dunaway (born Dorothy Faye Dunaway on January 14, 1941 in Bascom, Florida) is an Academy Award winning actress. ... Beatrice Whitney Straight (August 2, 1914 – April 7, 2001) was an American theater and film actress. ... Sidney Paddy Chayefsky (January 29, 1923 - August 1, 1981) was an acclaimed dramatist who transitioned from the golden age of American live television in the 1950s to have a successful career as a playwright and screenwriter for Hollywood. ... 1976 is a leap year starting on Thursday (link will take you to calendar). ...

Another film, Rocky, about an average man turned boxer (played by Sylvester Stallone) won the Best Picture Academy Award that year. The film also became a major commercial success and spawned four sequels through the rest of the seventies and eighties. 1978 brought the successful sequel, Jaws2, which featured the same cast, but without Steven Spielberg. Another tailor made blockbuster, Dino de Laurentis' King Kong was released, but to less than stellar success. King Kong did mark the first time time a film was booked to theaters before a release date, a common practice today. Rocky DVD cover Rocky is a motion picture released in 1976 starring Sylvester Stallone as Rocky Balboa and Carl Weathers as Apollo Creed. ... Sylvester Stallone Sylvester Gardenzio Stallone (born July 6, 1946 in New York City), usually known as Sylvester Stallone, is an American film actor, director, producer, and screenwriter. ... Although he never won an Oscar for any of his movie performances, the comedian Bob Hope received two honorary Oscars for his contributions to cinema. ... 1978 was a common year starting on Sunday (the link is to a full 1978 calendar). ... Steven Spielberg Steven Allan Spielberg (born on December 18, 1946 in Cincinnati, Ohio), is a Jewish-American film director whose films range from science fiction to historical drama to horror. ... King Kong is a classic 1933 Hollywood horror/adventure film from RKO about a gigantic prehistoric gorilla, brought from a remote island to New York City to be exhibited as a natural wonder, that escapes to cause mass destruction. ... King Kong is a classic 1933 Hollywood horror/adventure film from RKO about a gigantic prehistoric gorilla, brought from a remote island to New York City to be exhibited as a natural wonder, that escapes to cause mass destruction. ...

The success of Woody Allen's Annie Hall in 1977 stirred a new trend in movie-making. Annie Hall, love story about a depressed comedian and a free-spirited woman, was followed with more sentimental films, including Neil Simon's The Goodbye Girl, the autobiographical Lillian Hellman story, Julia starring Jane Fonda and Vanessa Redgrave, and 1978's Heaven Can Wait and International Velvet. Woody Allen (born December 1, 1935), is one of the leading American filmmakers. ... Annie Hall is a 1977 film directed by Woody Allen from a script by Allen and Marshall Brickman. ... 1977 was a common year starting on Saturday (the link is to a full 1977 calendar). ... Neil Simon (born July 4, 1927 in New York City) is, after William Shakespeare, the most performed playwright of all time. ... Categories: Movie stubs | 1977 films | AFI 100 Passions | Best Picture Oscar Nominee | Best Actor Oscar (film) | Best Actress Oscar Nominee (film) ... Lillian Hellman Lillian Florence Hellman (June 20, 1905 - June 30, 1984) was an American playwright and left-wing activist, romantically involved for thirty years with pulp writer Dashiell Hammett. ... Julia is a feminine name. ... Jane Fonda Jane Seymour Fonda (born December 21, 1937) is an Academy Award-winning American actress, model, writer, fitness guru, producer, activist and philanthropist. ... Redgrave in Michelangelo Antonionis Blowup (1966) Vanessa Redgrave (born January 30, 1937) is an English actress, a member of the Redgrave acting dynasty. ... 1978 was a common year starting on Sunday (the link is to a full 1978 calendar). ... Heaven Can Wait is the title of two stage plays and at least two films: Heaven Can Wait, a stage play by Harry Segall Here Comes Mr. ...

Saturday Night Fever, starring John Travolta and Karen Lynn Gorney, introduced the "disco lifestyle" to much of the world.

Younger audiences were also beginning to be the focus of cinema, after the huge blockbusters that had attracted them back to the theater. John Travolta became popular in the pop-culture landmark films, Saturday Night Fever, which introduced Disco to middle America, and Grease, which recalled the world of the 1950s. Comedy was also given new life in the irreverent Animal House, set on a college campus during the 1960s. Up in Smoke, another irreverent comedy, about marijuana use became popular among teenagers. The new television comedy program, "Saturday Night Live," launched the careers of several of its comedians, such as Chevy Chase, who starred in the 1978 hit Foul Play with rising star Goldie Hawn. Blockbusters like Superman were also still popular. John Travolta John Joseph Travolta (born February 18, 1954 in Englewood, New Jersey) is an American actor. ... Karen Lynn Gorney (born January 28, 1945) is an American actress, best known for her roles on television and film. ... John Travolta John Joseph Travolta (born February 18, 1954 in Englewood, New Jersey) is an American actor. ... Saturday Night Fever is a 1977 movie starring John Travolta based around New York discotheques of the disco era period, the associated music and dancing, and the subculture surrounding such. ... Grease is a lubricant of higher initial viscosity than oil, consisting originally of a calcium, sodium or lithium soap jelly emulsified with mineral oil. ... The Deltas in front of their house Movie poster of Animal House National Lampoons Animal House (also called Animal House) is a 1978 comedy film in which a misfit group of Delta fraternity boys takes on the system at their college. ... Up in Smoke was Cheech and Chongs first feature-length film, released in 1978. ... Saturday Night Live (SNL) is a weekly late-night 90-minute comedy-variety show from NBC which has been broadcast virtually every Saturday night since its debut on October 11, 1975. ... Cornelius Crane Chase, better known as Chevy Chase (born October 8, 1943) is an American comedian, writer and television and film actor from Woodstock, New York. ... 1978 was a common year starting on Sunday (the link is to a full 1978 calendar). ... Common stereotype of a criminal A crime in a broad sense is an act that violates a political or moral law. ... Hawn in the 1972 movie Butterflies Are Free Goldie Jeanne Hawn (born Goldie Studlendgehawn on November 21, 1945 in Washington, D.C.) is an actress who began her career as one of the regular cast members on the 1960s sketch comedy show Laugh-In. ... Superman, nicknamed The Man of Steel, is a fictional character and superhero who first appeared in Action Comics #1 in 1938 and eventually became one of the most popular and well-known comic book icons of all time. ...

The decade closed with two films chronicling the Vietnam War, Michael Cimino's The Deer Hunter and Francis Ford Coppola's Apocalypse Now. Both films focused on the horrors of war and the psychological damaged caused by such horrors. Christopher Walken and director Michael Cimino earned Oscars for their work on the film, which earned a Best Picture Academy Award. Robert De Niro and Meryl Streep were also nominated for their work in The Deer Hunter. Apocalypse Now won for cinematography and sound, and earned nominations for Robert Duvall and Coppola. The Vietnam War was fought from 1957 to 1975 between communist and Vietnamese national forces and an array of Western and pro-Western forces, most importantly the United States. ... Michael Cimino (born February 3, 1939 in New York City, New York) is an American film director. ... The Deer Hunter is a 1978 film which tells the story of how the Vietnam War affects the people in the industrial town of Clairton, Pennsylvania just south of Pittsburgh along the Monongahela River (although it was actually filmed in Cleveland and Mingo Junction, Ohio). ... Francis Ford Coppola (born April 7, 1939 in Detroit, Michigan) is an American film director, screenwriter, vintner, magazine publisher, and hotelier. ... Apocalypse Now is a 1979 American film by Francis Ford Coppola, inspired by Joseph Conrads classic novella Heart of Darkness. ... Ronald Walken (born March 31, 1943), known professionally as Christopher Walken, is an American film, television, and theatre actor best known for playing menacing or psychologically damaged characters. ... Michael Cimino (born February 3, 1939 in New York City, New York) is an American film director. ... Although he never won an Oscar for any of his movie performances, the comedian Bob Hope received two honorary Oscars for his contributions to cinema. ... Robert De Niro Robert De Niro, Jr. ... Streep in Silkwood (1983) Meryl Streep (born June 22, 1949) is an American actress who has received numerous accolades for her work in movies and television and who, from the 1980s to the present day, has been regarded as one of the best in her field. ... The Deer Hunter is a 1978 film which tells the story of how the Vietnam War affects the people in the industrial town of Clairton, Pennsylvania just south of Pittsburgh along the Monongahela River (although it was actually filmed in Cleveland and Mingo Junction, Ohio). ... Apocalypse Now is a 1979 American film by Francis Ford Coppola, inspired by Joseph Conrads classic novella Heart of Darkness. ... Robert Duvall Robert Selden Duvall (born on January 5, 1931 in San Diego, California) is an American film actor and director. ...

1979 saw the poignant Kramer vs. Kramer, the inspiring Norma Rae, and the nuclear thriller, The China Syndrome. Meanwhile, The Onion Field and And Justice for All focused on the failures of the American judicial system. The year ended with Hal Ashby's subtle black comedy Being There and The Muppet Movie, a family film based on the Jim Henson puppet characters. 1979 is a common year starting on Monday. ... Movie poster for Kramer vs. ... Norma Rae is a 1979 film which tells the story of a woman from a small Southern town who becomes involved in the labor union activities at the textile factory where she works. ... The China Syndrome is a 1979 thriller film which tells the story of a reporter and cameramen who discover safety coverups at a nuclear power plant. ... A novel by Joseph Wambaugh - a sargeant for the LAPD during the 1960s riots. ... Hal Ashby (September 2, 1929 - December 27, 1988) was an American film director and Academy Award winner. ... Being There is a political, satircal 1971 novel by Jerzy Kosiński and a 1979 film directed by Hal Ashby. ... The Muppet Movie is a 1979 family comedy, written by Jack Burns and Jerry Juhl and directed by James Frawley. ... Jim Henson James Maury Henson (September 24, 1936 – May 16, 1990), commonly known as Jim Henson, was one of the most important puppeteers in modern American television history. ...

The Seventies in television

In the United States

All in the Family's Bunker clan, headed by the ignorant patriarch Archie, were popular with US television viewers throughout the 1970s.

In the United States, television in the Seventies was transformed by what became termed as "social consciousness" programming, spearheaded by television producer Norman Lear. His adaptation of the British television series Til Death Us Do Part, which was called All in the Family, broke down barriers in television censorship code. When the series premiered in 1971, Americans heard the words "fag," "nigger," and "spic" on national television for the first time. All in the Family became the talk of countless dinner tables and water coolers throughout the country, mainly because Americans hadn't seen anything like it before. The show quickly became an overnight sensation and was the highest-rated program on US television schedules from 1971 until 1976 -- to date, only one other series has tied All in the Family for such a long stretch at the top of the ratings. All in the Family spawned numerous spin-offs, such as Maude, starring Bea Arthur. Maude was Edith Bunker's cousin and Archie's archenemy. She stood for everything liberal and was an outspoken advocate of civil rights and feminism. Maude felt most comfortable, however, hiring a black woman as her housekeeper. Maude's housekeeper, Florida Evans (played by Esther Rolle) became popular in her own right and was given her own television series in 1974, Good Times, which proved to be another hit for Lear's production company. This work is copyrighted. ... This work is copyrighted. ... Archie Bunker was a fictional character in the classic and top-rated 1970s American television sitcom All in the Family. ... Norman Lear (born July 27, 1922) is an American television writer and producer who produced shows such as All in the Family, Sanford and Son and Maude. ... Til Death Us Do Part (also known as Till Death Us do Part)1 was a BBC television sitcom series written by Johnny Speight that ran from 1966 until 1975. ... All in the Family is a popular and acclaimed American situation comedy that was originally broadcast on the CBS television network from January 12, 1971 until April 8, 1979, when the final original episode aired. ... 1971 is a common year starting on Friday (click for link to calendar). ... The word nigger is a highly controversial term used in many countries, including the United States, Canada, Britain, Australia and Russia, to refer to individuals with dark skin, especially those of African descent who previously were racially classified by the now outdated term Negro. ... A water cooler is a dispenser of chilled water intended for casual human consumption. ... 1976 is a leap year starting on Thursday (link will take you to calendar). ... For other uses, see Maude (disambiguation) Maude is a half-hour American television sitcom that was originally broadcast on the CBS network from 1972 until 1978. ... Beatrice Arthur as Maude Findlay on Maude. ... Edith Bunker is a fictional 1970s sitcom mom on All in the Family, played by Jean Stapleton. ... In politics, the term liberal refers to: an adherent of the ideology of liberalism —an ideology espousing liberty. ... Civil rights or positive rights are those legal rights retained by citizens and protected by the government. ... Feminism is a body of social theory and a political movement primarily based on, and motivated by, the experiences of women. ... Esther Rolle (November 8, 1920 - November 17, 1998) was an American actress, best known for her role as Florida Evans, the character she played on two successful 1970s sitcoms: Maude and its spinoff, Good Times. ... 1974 is a common year starting on Tuesday (click on link for calendar). ... Good Times is an American sitcom that was originally broadcast from February 1, 1974 until August 1, 1979 on the CBS television network. ...

While the shoot-'em-up television western died out, the family drama Little House on the Prairie thrived during the Seventies.

With the rise in socially responsible programming, the television western, a very popular genre in the 1960s, slowly died out. The first casualties were The High Chaparral and The Virginian, both NBC staples, in the spring of 1971. Bonanza suffered a blow when actor Dan Blocker died during surgery in 1972, and the show quietly ended its run the next year. CBS's Gunsmoke outlasted them all, and finally ended its run with a star-studded series finale in 1975. Bonanza actor Michael Landon helped popularize a television adaptation of the popular childrens' book series Little House on the Prairie. Debuting in 1974, the series ran for eight years. Little House's competitor family drama was CBS's The Waltons, which revolved around family unity but during a different time and place -- Virginia during the Great Depression. The Ingalls family from the Little House series in early years of shuting Promo This work is copyrighted. ... The Ingalls family from the Little House series in early years of shuting Promo This work is copyrighted. ... Events and trends The 1960s was a turbulent decade of change around the world. ... The High Chaparral was a Western-themed television series which aired on NBC from 1967 to 1971. ... The Virginian was a Western-themed television series which aired on NBC from 1962 to 1971. ... The 1986 Peacock logo, designed by Chermayeff & Geismar. ... 1971 is a common year starting on Friday (click for link to calendar). ... This article discusses the television series. ... Dan Blocker (December 10, 1928 – May 13, 1972) was an American actor and advocate for social justice. ... 1972 was a leap year that started on a Saturday. ... CBSs first color logo, which debuted in the fall of 1965. ... Gunsmoke was a long-running old-time radio and television western drama program. ... 1975 was a common year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1975 calendar). ... Michael Landon (October 31, 1936 – July 1, 1991), born Eugene Maurice Orowitz, was an American actor and director. ... Sign in front of Little House on the Prairie historic site in Kansas Little House on the Prairie (1935) is a childrens book by Laura Ingalls Wilder. ... 1974 is a common year starting on Tuesday (click on link for calendar). ... CBSs first color logo, which debuted in the fall of 1965. ... The Waltons was an American television series about a family living in the Blue Ridge Mountains in the U.S. state of Virginia. ... State nickname: Old Dominion Other U.S. States Capital Richmond Largest city Virginia Beach Governor Mark R. Warner Official languages English Area 110,862 km² (35th)  - Land 102,642 km²  - Water 8,220 km² (7. ... The Great Depression was a massive global economic recession (or depression) that ran from 1929 to 1941. ...

By the mid-to-late 1970s, people tired of socially responsible sitcoms, and by extension, the CBS network as a whole. CBS had aired most of Lear's creations and had led the US television ratings since the mid-1950s; since then the network had received a reputation as being the "Tiffany Network," showcasing the best in television. Former CBS Head of Programming Fred Silverman defected to struggling ABC, which saw a glimmer of hope in the early 1970s with the #1 hit show Marcus Welby, M.D., but eventually retreated to its traditional third-place spot. Silverman was instrumental in starting a new movement in American television, which centered around sexual gratification and bawdy humor and situations. Critics called the new era "jiggle television," termed due to the crime-fighting television series Charlie's Angels, which starred up-and-coming sex symbols Farrah Fawcett, Jaclyn Smith, and Kate Jackson. This article provides extensive lists of events and significant personalities of the 1970s. ... CBSs first color logo, which debuted in the fall of 1965. ... Millennia: 1st millennium - 2nd millennium - 3rd millennium Events and trends The 1950s in Western society was marked with a sharp rise in the economy for the first time in almost 30 years and return to the 1920s-type consumer society built on credit and boom-times, as well as the... Silverman, Time, 1977 Fred Silverman (born 1937 in New York City) is an American television executive and producer. ... The ABC Circle logo, designed by Paul Rand in 1962. ... This article provides extensive lists of events and significant personalities of the 1970s. ... Marcus Welby, M.D. was a popular medical drama that aired on ABC from late September, 1969 to May 1976. ... Charlies Angels was a television series broadcast from 1976 to 1981, about three women who work for a fictional private investigation agency, the Charles Townsend Agency. ... Fawcett as Mary-Ann in Myra Breckinridge (1970) Farrah Leni Fawcett (born 2 February 1947) is an actress who became a noted pop culture icon of the 1970s. ... Jaclyn Smith (born October 26, 1947) is an American television actress. ... Catherine Elise Kate Jackson (born October 29, 1948 in Birmingham, Alabama) is an American actress best known for her role in the 1970s television series Charlies Angels. ...

Fred Silverman's rejuvenation of the struggling ABC network earned him a spot on the cover of TIME.

Silverman was responsible for green-lighting more risqué sitcoms such as Three's Company, modeled after the British series Man About the House, in which swinging single man Jack Tripper pretended to be gay to live in an apartment with two single women. Mildly controversial at the time, the show quickly became a Top Ten hit in the ratings. ABC also aired Soap, a sitcom that parodied soap operas, and garnered controversy by writing in one of the first homosexual characters on US television. Many stations refused to air the series because of this and other storylines (another storyline consisted of heroine Corinne Tate, played by Diana Canova, lusting after a priest who eventually left the priesthood to marry her). This image is a TIME magazine cover. ... This image is a TIME magazine cover. ... Threes Company is an American sitcom that ran from 1977 to 1984 on ABC. The show was a remake of the British sitcom Man About the House and revolved around two women and a man sharing an apartment together. ... Man About the House was a British sitcom which ran from 1973 to 1976 on ITV and told the story of a man who moves into a London flat with two girls after they found him asleep in the bathtub after a party. ... Jack Tripper Jack Tripper was a fictional character on the sitcoms Threes Company and Threes a Crowd. ... Gay originally meant in English happy. ... Soap was a sitcom which ran on the ABC network from 1977 through 1981. ... Diana Canova (born Diana Rivero on June 1, 1953 in West Palm Beach, Florida) is an American actress. ...

Silverman's legacy also included the "fantasy" genre, which started in 1977 with The Love Boat. The series involved popular movie and television stars in guest roles as passengers on a luxury cruise liner that sailed up and down the Pacific Coast. Silverman followed up in 1978 with Fantasy Island, starring Ricardo Montalban and Hervé Villechaize. Montalban and Villechaize were the owner and sidekick, respectively, of a luxury island resort where peoples' wishes came true. 1977 was a common year starting on Saturday (the link is to a full 1977 calendar). ... The Love Boat was a TV series set on a cruise ship, which aired on the ABC Television Network from 1977 until 1986. ... The Pacific Coast is any coast fronting the Pacific Ocean. ... 1978 was a common year starting on Sunday (the link is to a full 1978 calendar). ... Tattoo and Mr. ... Ricardo Montalban (born November 25, 1920 in Mexico City) is an actor. ... Hervé Villechaise Hervé Villechaise (April 23, 1943–September 4, 1993) was a famous French actor who was born in Paris and achieved world-wide recognition with his role as Tattoo in the television series Fantasy Island (1978-1984). ...

Another popular medium in US television moving into the 1970s was the soap opera, which moved from being a genre watched exclusively by housewives to having a sizable audience of men (who largely watched The Edge of Night) and college students; the latter audience helped All My Children gain a devoted following, as it was on during many universities' traditional "lunch period." In a TIME article written about the genre in 1976, it was estimated that as many as 35 million households tuned into at least one soap opera each afternoon, the most popular being As the World Turns, which routinely grabbed viewing figures of twelve million or higher each day. The soap boom spawned a nighttime soap parody, Mary Hartman, Mary Hartman, which made a quick star out of Louise Lasser, who played the eponymous heroine. The first TIME cover devoted to soap operas: Dated January 12, 1976, Bill Hayes and Susan Seaforth Hayes of Days of Our Lives are featured with the headline Soap Operas: Sex and suffering in the afternoon. A soap opera is an ongoing, episodic work of fiction, usually broadcast on television... The Edge of Night title card from 1960. ... All My Children is a popular American soap opera which has been broadcast every Monday through Friday on the ABC TV network since January 5, 1970. ... 8:17 am, August 6, 1945, Japanese time. ... 1976 is a leap year starting on Thursday (link will take you to calendar). ... As the World Turns (ATWT) is the second longest-running American television soap opera, airing each weekday on CBS. It debuted on Monday, April 2, 1956 at 1:30 in the afternoon. ... Mary Hartman, Mary Hartman (MH2) was a syndicated evening soap opera during the mid 1970s produced by Norman Lear. ...

Walter Cronkite, affectionately dubbed "Uncle Walter" by many Americans, helmed the CBS Evening News throughout the decade.

Another influential genre proved to be the television newscast, which built on its initial widespread success in the 1960s. Each of the three television networks had widely recognizable and respected journalists helming their newscasts: CBS anchor Walter Cronkite, who was voted "The Most Trusted Man in America" many times over, led in the nightly ratings. NBC's John Chancellor and David Brinkley were a strong second, while ABC, perennially third-place in the news department until the 1990s, had a newscast helmed by Howard K. Smith. Image of Walter Cronkite that is used in many other places. ... Image of Walter Cronkite that is used in many other places. ... The CBS Evening News is the flagship nightly television news program of the American television network CBS. Early history It originally competed against the Camel News Caravan on NBC, and was anchored by Douglas Edwards. ... Events and trends The 1960s was a turbulent decade of change around the world. ... CBSs first color logo, which debuted in the fall of 1965. ... Walter Leland Cronkite Jr. ... The 1986 Peacock logo, designed by Chermayeff & Geismar. ... John Chancellor (July 14, 1927 - July 12, 1996) was an American journalist. ... David McClure Brinkley (July 10, 1920—June 11, 2003) was an American television newscaster for NBC and later ABC. From 1956 through 1970 he co-anchored the Huntley-Brinkley Report news show with Chet Huntley. ... The ABC Circle logo, designed by Paul Rand in 1962. ... Events and trends The 1990s are generally classified as having moved slightly away from the more conservative 1980s, but keeping the same mind-set. ... He also appeared in a number of films, often as himself. ...

Finally, a popular genre in the 1970s was the variety show -- in many respects, it received its last hurrah during this decade. Popular during the 1950s and 1960s, it carried on in the 1970s with The Carol Burnett Show. With a repertory company that included Vicki Lawrence, Tim Conway and Lyle Waggoner, the veterans series continued to be successful and ran well into the mid-Seventies. NBC aired a variety show of its own, starring African-American comedian Flip Wilson. The Flip Wilson Show became a success and became the first show headed by an African-American comedian to become a ratings winner. This article provides extensive lists of events and significant personalities of the 1970s. ... A variety show is a show with a variety of acts, often including music and comedy skits. ... This article provides extensive lists of events and significant personalities of the 1970s. ... The Carol Burnett Show was a sketch comedy television show starring Carol Burnett, Tim Conway, Harvey Korman, Vicki Lawrence, and Lyle Waggoner. ... Vicki Lawrence, at far right, on Password with host Allen Ludden and comedienne Carol Burnett. ... Tim Conway (born December 15, 1933, Willoughby, Ohio) is an American comedic actor. ... The 1986 Peacock logo, designed by Chermayeff & Geismar. ... African Americans, also known as Afro-Americans or Black Americans, are an ethnic group in the United States of America whose ancestors, usually in predominant part, were indigenous to West and sub-Saharan Africa. ... Clerow Flip Wilson (December 8, 1933 - November 25, 1998) was an African-American comedian and actor. ... The Flip Wilson Show was a variety show that aired in the U.S. on NBC from 1970 to 1974. ...

In 1971, while Fred Silverman was still working for CBS, he spotted singing duo Sonny & Cher doing a stand-up concert and decided to turn it into a weekly variety show. In addition to stand-up banter between the husband and wife, The Sonny & Cher Comedy Hour would also have skits and music (mostly sung by Cher). The show was a ratings winner from the first episode and ran for three years. It was followed in the same vein shortly after by singing group Tony Orlando and Dawn. Another group of singers who received a variety show in the Seventies were two of the famous singing Osmonds -- Donny and his sister Marie. Sid & Marty Krofft set to work on the siblings' series and Donny & Marie premiered on ABC in the winter of 1976. Although the show became very popular, the Osmonds were equally ridiculed for their wholesome image and Mormon moral reputation (on an episode of Good Times, the lead character, Florida, listed three things in the world you just can't do, and one was "Smile wider than Donny and Marie"). 1971 is a common year starting on Friday (click for link to calendar). ... CBSs first color logo, which debuted in the fall of 1965. ... Sonny and Cher were an American rock and roll duo, made up of husband and wife team Sonny Bono and Cher in the 60s and 70s. ... The Sonny & Cher Comedy Hour was a variety show which ran on CBS from August 1971 until May 1974. ... Cher on the cover of her album Living Proof Cher (born Cherilyn Sarkisian on May 20, 1946) is an American actress and singer. ... Tony Orlando and Dawn was a pop music group that was very popular in the 1970s. ... The Osmonds are an American family pop group who achieved enormous worldwide success as teenybopper idols in the 1970s. ... Donald Clark Donny Osmond (born December 9, 1957 in Ogden, Utah) is an American entertainment personality. ... Olive Marie Osmond (born October 13, 1959 in Ogden, Utah) is an American entertainer, a member of the show business family, The Osmonds. ... Donny & Marie was a variety show which aired on ABC from 1976 to 1979. ... 1976 is a leap year starting on Thursday (link will take you to calendar). ... The term Mormon is a colloquial name most often used to refer to members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). ...

In the United Kingdom

Benny Hill

Many of American's top television shows in the Seventies were actually recreations of popular British situation comedies (sit-coms). Benny Hill This work is copyrighted. ... Benny Hill This work is copyrighted. ... Born Alfred Hawthorn Hill (January 21, 1924/1925 - April 20, 1992), Benny Hill was a prolific comic British actor. ... A sitcom or situation comedy is a genre of comedy performance originally devised for radio but today typically found on television. ...

The Seventies in literature

After the experimentation and sexual subject matter that exemplified some of the sixties' most definitive works of literature, the early 70s brought a return to old-fashioned story-telling. Erich Segal's Love Story was a tender romance that captured America, topping best-seller lists for the better part of the year and producing a successful film adaptation by the end of 1970. Erich Wolf Segal (born June 16, 1937 in Brooklyn, New York) is an American author, screenwriter and educator. ... Love Story is a 1970 romance motion picture drama directed by Arthur Hiller that tells the story of two college students: Oliver, the emotionally vacant son of rich parents; and the girl he falls in love with, Jenny, a brassy music major at Radcliffe. ...

The seventies also saw the decline of previously well-respected writers, such as Saul Bellow and Peter De Vries, who both released poorly received novels at the start of the decade. Meanwhile, Islands in the Stream, a posthumously released Ernest Hemingway novel was released. While Hemingway's classic style shown through, it was criticized as overwrought. Saul Bellow (born June 10, 1915), acclaimed North American-Jewish writer, won the Nobel prize for literature in 1976 and is best known for writing novels which investigate isolation, spiritual dissociation and the possibilities of human awakening. ... Ernest Hemingway, 1950 Ernest Miller Hemingway (July 21, 1899 – July 2, 1961) was an American novelist and short story writer. ...

Racism remained a key subject in literature throughout the early seventies. While Madison Jones' A Cry of Absence and Ernest J. Gaines' The Autobiography of Miss Jane Pittman studied racism in the past, works like that of Nadine Gordimer and Bernard Malamud studied race relations in South Africa and New York respectively. Ernest Gaines was born in 1933 on the River Lake Plantation in Pointe Coupée Parish, Louisiana, the setting for most of his fiction, which he calls Bayonne; he was the fifth generation in his family to be born there. ... An interview by a local school teacher called Ernest J.Gaines. ... Nadine Gordimer (b. ... Bernard Malamud (1914-1986) was an American writer born in Brooklyn, New York. ...

In the early seventies, John Updike emerged as a major literary figure with the release of Bech: A Book, a semi-autobiographical look at a Jewish novelist, the continuing Rabbit series (including 1971's popular Rabbit Redux), and his numerous subtle, relevant stories. Reflections of the 60's experience also found roots in the literature of the decade through the works of Joyce Carol Oates and Morris Wright. Books like Looking for Mr. Goodbar by Judith Rossner explored the sex, single-parenthood, and the singles life in fresh, intriguing, and even unsettling light. John Updike (born March 18, 1932) is an American novelist and short story writer born in Reading, Pennsylvania and lived in nearby Shillington until he was 13. ... Joyce Carol Oates (born June 16, 1938 in Lockport, New York) is an American writer of novels, stories, plays, poetry, and non-fiction, known for being one of the most prolific of serious American writers. ... Morris Wright (January 6, 1910 - April 25, 1998) was an American writer who wrote such novels as Love Among the Cannibals, Fire Sermon and Plains Song. ... Judith Rossner (born March 1, 1935) is an American novelist, best known for her 1975 novel Looking For Mr. ...

With the rising cost of hard-cover books and the increasing readership of "genre fiction," the paperback became a popular medium through the popular fiction of Peter Benchley and Thomas Pynchon. Criminal non-fiction also became a popular topic with works such as The Onion Field, written by Los Angeles policeman Joseph Wambaugh and the narrative Helter Skelter, about the infamous Charles Manson killings, written by Vincent Bugliosi and Curt Gentry. Genre fiction is a term for writings by multiple authors that are very similar in theme and style, especially where these similarities are deliberately pursued by the authors. ... Paperback may refer to a kind of book binding by which papers are simply folded without cloth or leather and bound - usually with glue rather than stitches or staples - into a thick paper cover; or to a book with this type of binding. ... Peter Benchley (b. ... Thomas Pynchon pictured in his high school yearbook. ... A novel by Joseph Wambaugh - a sargeant for the LAPD during the 1960s riots. ... This article is about the largest city in California. ... Joseph Wambaugh (born January 22, 1937) is an American writer known for his fictional and non-fictional accounts of police work in the U.S. Wambaughs unique perspective on the realities of police work comes from experience: he is a former Los Angeles policeman and detective. ... This article is about the Beatles song. ... Charles Milles Manson (born November 12, 1934) was convicted of murder in what became known as the Tate-La Bianca case, after Sharon Tate and Leno and Rosemary LaBianca —victims in two separate mass murders carried out by Mansons followers. ... Vincent Bugliosi (born August 18, 1934) is an attorney and author. ...

1975 brought the popular Watership Down by Richard Adams, a juvenile novel about a family of rabbits which found a home in mainstream literary circles. Joseph Heller's middle-age dramatic novel Something Happened, brought the author one of his best received novels since Catch-22. James A. Michener also returned to prominence in the seventies, first with Chesapeake, a story of four families interwoven throughout their interactions in the Chesapeake Bay area of Maryland, and later with Centennial, a historical novel about a family living in Colorado in the time of the 1870s. In 1976, Centennial was adapted to a popular television miniseries. John Jakes would release a Bicentennial series of novels himself, which helped launch his writing career and were nearly as popular as Michener's book. Watership Down For the hill named Watership Down, see Watership Down, Hampshire. ... The name Richard Adams may refer to: Richard Adams, author Richard Adams, founder of Traidcraft Richard Adams, songwriter This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... Joseph Heller in 1961 Joseph Heller (May 1, 1923 - December 12, 1999) was an American novelist best remembered for writing the satiric World War II classic Catch-22. ... Catch 22 can refer to: A book by Joseph Heller, or the movie based on the book; see Catch-22. ... James Albert Michener (February 3, 1907? - October 16, 1997) was the American author of such books as Tales of the South Pacific (for which he won the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 1948), Hawaii, The Drifters, Centennial, The Source, The Fires of Spring, Chesapeake, Caribbean, Caravans, Alaska, Texas and Poland. ... Chesapeake Bay - Landsat photo The Chesapeake Bay is the largest estuary in the United States. ... State nickname: Old Line State; Free State Other U.S. States Capital Annapolis Largest city Baltimore Governor Robert L. Ehrlich Official languages English Area 32,160 km² (42nd)  - Land 25,338 km²  - Water 6,968 km² (21%) Population (2000)  - Population 5,296,486 (19th)  - Density 165 /km² (5th) Admission into... Centennial was a novel written by American author James Michener and published in 1974. ... A miniseries, in a serial storytelling medium, is a production which tells a story in a limited number of episodes. ... John Jakes (born on March 31, 1932) is a writer of fiction. ...

Roots: The Saga of an American Family was the apex of the burgeoning Afro-American literary movement in the Seventies.

E.L. Doctorow's Ragtime became one of the most popular books of 1976 with its unconventional style and satiric nature. Saul Bellow returned with the Pulitzer Prize winning Humboldt's Gift, about a failed poet and a rising playwright. The same year Alex Haley released his immensely popular Roots: The Saga of an American Family, which followed Haley's ancestry, back to the kidnapping of a young black man named Kunta Kinte, who was sold into slavery in the south. African Americans, also known as Afro-Americans or black Americans, are an ethnic group in the United States of America whose ancestors, usually in predominant part, were indigenous to Sub-Saharan and West Africa. ... Edgar Lawrence Doctorow (born January 6, 1931, New York, New York) is a writer who has written several critically aclaimed novels that blend history and social criticism. ... Ragtime is an American musical genre, enjoying its peak popularity around the years 1900–1918. ... Saul Bellow (born June 10, 1915), acclaimed North American-Jewish writer, won the Nobel prize for literature in 1976 and is best known for writing novels which investigate isolation, spiritual dissociation and the possibilities of human awakening. ... Listen to this article · (info) This audio file was created from the revision dated 2005-04-13, and does not reflect subsequent edits to the article. ... Alex Haley Alexander Palmer Haley (August 11, 1921 - February 10, 1992) was an African American writer (though he also proud of his White and Cherokee Heritage) who was the Chief Journalist for the United States Coast Guard before retiring to become a senior editor for Readers Digest. ... Categories: Literature stubs | 1976 books | American novels | Books starting with S ... ...

Carl Bernstein and Robert Woodward, writers from the Washington Post, published The Final Days in 1976. The best-selling book documented the downfall of President Richard Nixon, and their involvement in his impeachment. Throughout the trial many other books related to Nixon and the Watergate scandal topped the best-selling lists. The same year, Alice Walker published Meridian, about the Civil Rights Movement, and Renata Adler released the feminist classic, Speedboat. Carl Bernstein (born February 14, 1944) is an American journalist who, as a Washington Post investigative reporter along with Bob Woodward, broke the story of the Watergate break-in and consequently helped bring about the resignation of US president Richard Nixon. ... This article or section should be merged with Robert B. Woodward You may be looking for journalist Bob Woodward, who is noted for his work in uncovering the Watergate scandal. ... ... Order: 37th President Vice President: Spiro Agnew (1969–1973), Gerald R. Ford (1973–1974) Term of office: January 20, 1969 – August 9, 1974 Preceded by: Lyndon B. Johnson Succeeded by: Gerald R. Ford Date of birth: January 9, 1913 Place of birth: Yorba Linda, California Date of death: April 22... The Watergate building. ... Alice Walker Alice Malsenior Walker (born February 9, 1944) is an African American author whose most famous novel, The Color Purple, won both the Pulitzer Prize and the American Book Award. ... Meridian is: Meridian (astronomy): an imaginary circle perpendicular to the horizon. ... Civil Rights Movement in the United States, political, legal, and social struggle to gain full citizenship rights for African American and to achieve racial equality. ... Categories: Stub | Boat types ...

By the late seventies, a former English teacher from Maine had become one of the most popular genre novelists with his tales of horror and suspense. Stephen King's 1974 novel, Carrie, became a best-seller and spawned a popular 1976 film. He followed Carrie with Salem's Lot, a vampire tale; The Shining, a spooky romp set in a deserted hotel; The Stand, a post-apocalyptic shocker; and The Dead Zone, about a comatose man who awakens with psychic abilities. King also released a collection of short stories and two novels under the pseudonym Richard Bachman. State nickname: The Pine Tree State Other U.S. States Capital Augusta Largest city Portland Governor John Baldacci Official languages None Area 86,542 km² (39th)  - Land 80,005 km²  - Water 11,724 km² (13. ... Stephen King Stephen Edwin King (born September 21, 1947) is a prolific American author best known for his horror novels. ... Carrie (1974) was Stephen Kings first published novel. ... Salems Lot is a horror novel by Stephen King, written in 1975. ... The Shining can refer to: the Stephen King book: see The Shining (book) the Stanley Kubrick film based on the book: see The Shining (film) the ABC mini-series scripted by Stephen King: The Shining (mini-series) This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that... The Stand is an apocalyptic novel by Stephen King. ... The Dead Zone is a novel by Stephen King published in 1979. ... Richard Bachman is a pen name for Stephen King, considered by many to be the master of the horror genre. ...

1977 brought many high profile biographical works of literary figures, such as those of Virginia Woolf, Agatha Christie, and J.R.R. Tolkien. The world of fiction saw a return of the muckraker. Books by John Blair and Robert Engler warned of the problems caused by America's dependence on oil while Sidney Lens' The Day Before Doomsday warned of nuclear annihilation. Mario Puzo's much-awaited follow-up to the The Godfather, Fools Die, was released in 1978 and instantly became a best seller. Virginia Woolf Virginia Woolf (January 25, 1882 – March 28, 1941) was a British author and feminist. ... Agatha Christie Dame Agatha Mary Clarissa Christie, DBE (September 15, 1890–January 12, 1976), was a British crime fiction writer. ... J. R. R. Tolkien in 1916. ... McClures Magazine (cover, Jan, 1901) published many early muckraker articles. ... John Blair (1732–August 31, 1800) was an American politician, Founding Father, and Patriots. ... Wikiquote has a collection of quotations by or about: United States Wikinews has news related to this article: United States United States government Official website of the United States government - Gateway to governmental sites White House - Official site of the US President Senate. ... Mario Puzo Mario Puzo (October 15, 1920 - July 2, 1999) was an author who is famous for his fictional books about the Mafia. ... The Godfather is a novel written by Mario Puzo about a fictitious Italian Mafia family. ...

Notable works such as William Styron's Holocaust epic, Sophie's Choice rounded out the decade. Kurt Vonnegut's Jailbird reflected the comic results of the Watergate scandal while Nadine Gordimer continued to write in favor of an end to Apartheid. By decade's end, Tom Wolfe topped the best-seller lists with The Right Stuff, which celebrated the early NASA test pilots and astronauts. William Styron is an American novelist, born in Newport News, Virginia on June 11, 1925. ... Concentration camp inmates during the Holocaust The Holocaust was Nazi Germanys systematic genocide (ethnic cleansing) of various ethnic, religious, national, and secular groups during World War II, starting in 1941 and continuing through 1945. ... Sophies Choice ( 1979) is a novel written by William Styron about a young American Southerner who wants to be a writer and befriends Nathan, who is Jewish, and his beautiful lover Sophie, a Polish (but not Jewish) survivor of the Nazi concentration camps. ... Kurt Vonnegut Kurt Vonnegut, Junior (born November 11, 1922) is an American novelist, satirist, and most recently, graphic artist. ... Nadine Gordimer (b. ... Apartheid (International Phonetic Alphabet or in English and in Afrikaans) is the policy and the system of laws implemented and continued by White minority governments in South Africa from 1948 to 1990; and by extension any legally sanctioned system of racial segregation. ... Tom Wolfe (born March 2, 1931) is an American author and journalist. ... The Right Stuff is both a 1979 book by Tom Wolfe, and a 1983 film adapted from the book, which tell the true story of the first seven astronauts selected for the NASA space program. ...

The Seventies in science and philosophy

The 1970s saw an emergence of a new weltanschauung in the scientific world and philosophical approach. The linear modeling of the natural and social systems gave way to pioneering dynamical non linear approach to the study of phenomena across sciences. Although the roots of these were laid in the 1940s and 1950s, the seventies saw the blooming of these ideas especially with the rise of Artificial intelligence through the works in natural language processing by Terry Winograd (1973) and the establishment of the first cognitive sciences department in the world at MIT in 1979. The fields of generative linguistics and cognitive psychology went through a renewed vigour with symbolic modeling of semantic knowledge while the final devastation of the long standing tradition of behaviorism came about through the severe criticism of skinner's work in 1971 by the cognitive scientist Noam Chomsky. A world view, also spelled as worldview is a term calqued from the German word Weltanschauung (look onto the world). The German word is also in wide use in English, as well as the translated form world outlook. ... For the scientific journal named Science, see Science (journal). ... Philosophy (from the Greek words philos and sophia meaning love of wisdom) is understood in different ways historically and by different philosophers. ... The word linear comes from the Latin word linearis, which means created by lines. ... Events and trends Technology First nuclear bomb First cruise missile, the V1 flying bomb and the first ballistic missile, the V-2 rocket First transistor Colossus, the worlds first totally electronic computer. ... Millennia: 1st millennium - 2nd millennium - 3rd millennium Events and trends The 1950s in Western society was marked with a sharp rise in the economy for the first time in almost 30 years and return to the 1920s-type consumer society built on credit and boom-times, as well as the... Artificial intelligence (also known as machine intelligence and often abbreviated as AI) is intelligence exhibited by any manufactured (i. ... Natural language processing (NLP) is a subfield of artificial intelligence and linguistics. ... Terry Allen Winograd (born February 24, 1946) is a professor of computer science at Stanford University. ... 1973 was a common year starting on Monday. ... Cognitive science is usually defined as the scientific study either of mind or of intelligence (e. ... MIT redirects here. ... 1979 is a common year starting on Monday. ... Generative linguistics is a school of thought within linguistics that makes use of the concept of a generative grammar. ... Cognitive psychology is the psychological science which studies cognition, the mental processes that are hypothesised to underlie behavior. ... Behaviorism (or behaviourism) is an approach to psychology based on the proposition that behavior is interesting and worthy of scientific research. ... 1971 is a common year starting on Friday (click for link to calendar). ... Avram Noam Chomsky (born December 7, 1928) is an Institute Professor Emeritus of linguistics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and creator of the Chomsky hierarchy, a classification of formal languages. ...

In evolutionary sciences the idea of Punctuated equilibrium by Stephen Jay Gould, took hold of the scientific community and redefined the foundations of evolutionary thought. Punctuated equilibrium, or punctuated equilibria, is a theory of evolution which states that changes such as speciation can occur relatively quickly, with long periods of little change—equilibria—in between. ... Stephen Jay Gould Stephen Jay Gould (September 10, 1941 – May 20, 2002) was a New York-born American paleontologist, evolutionary biologist, and historian of science. ...

The Seventies in technology

The birth of modern computing started in the 1970s. The C programming language was developed early in the decade with the Unix operating system being rewritten into it in 1973. With "large-scale integration" possible for integrated circuits (microchips) rudimentary personal computers began to be produced along with pocket calculators. Notable home computers released in North America of the era are the Apple II, the TRS-80, the Commodore PET, and Atari 400/800 and the NEC PC-8801 in Japan. The availability of affordable personal computers led to the first popular wave of internetworking with the first bulletin board systems. The C Programming Language, Brian Kernighan and Dennis Ritchie, the original edition that served for many years as an informal specification of the language The C programming language is a standardized programming language developed in the early 1970s by Ken Thompson and Dennis Ritchie for use on the UNIX operating... UNIX is a portable, multi-tasking and multi-user computer operating system originally developed by a group of AT&T Bell Labs employees including Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie, and Douglas McIlroy. ... In computing, an operating system (OS) is the system software responsible for the direct control and management of hardware and basic system operations. ... 1973 was a common year starting on Monday. ... An integrated circuit (IC) is a thin chip consisting of at least two interconnected semiconductor devices, mainly transistors, as well as passive components like resistors. ... A basic arithmetic calculator. ... The home computer is a consumer-friendly word for the second generation of microcomputers (the technical term that was previously used), entering the market in 1977 and becoming common during the 1980s. ... The Apple II was one of the most popular personal computers of the 1980s. ... A TRS-80 Color Computer 2 TRS-80 (also affectionately or derisively known as the Trash-80) was the designation for several lines of microcomputer systems produced by the Tandy Corporation and sold through its Radio Shack stores in the late-1970s and 1980s. ... The PET (Personal Electronic Transactor) was a home-/personal computer produced by Commodore starting in the late 1970s. ... Atari built a series of 8-bit home computers based on the MOS Technology 6502 CPU, starting in 1979. ... The NEC PC8801 system was introduced by NEC Corporation in 1979. ... Internetworking involves connecting two or more computer networks with some sort of routing device to exchange traffic back and forth, and to guide traffic on the correct path (among several different ones usually available) across the complete network to their destination. ... A bulletin board system or BBS is a computer system running software that allows users to dial into the system over a phone line and, using a terminal program, perform functions such as downloading software and data, uploading data, playing games, reading news, and exchanging messages with other users. ...

The 1970s was also the beginning of the video game era. Atari established itself as the dominant force in home video gaming, first with its home version of the arcade game Pong and later in the decade with the Atari 2600 console (originally called the Video Computer System). Formally, a computer game is a game composed of a computer-controlled virtual universe that players may interact with in order to achieve a goal (or set of goals). ... For the concept Atari (当たり) in the board game of Go, see Atari (go term). ... Centipede by Atari is a typical example of a 1980s era arcade game. ... Pong, an adaptation of table tennis to the video screen, was the first commercially successful video game and is widely regarded as ushering in the video game era. ... Atari 2600 (four-switch version). ...

Domestic issues

The Middle East

Protesters take to the street in support of Ayatollah Khomeini.

Political authoritarianism in Arab and Middle Eastern states, combined with the occupation of the West Bank by Israel, led to a major increase in terrorism. The Palestinian terror group Black September was involved in plane hijacks and a deadly hostage incident at the 1972 Olympics in Munich, Germany. Iranians revolt during the 1979 Islamic Revolution Photo courtesy of Vanderbilt University File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Iranians revolt during the 1979 Islamic Revolution Photo courtesy of Vanderbilt University File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Ayatollah Khomeini founded the first modern Islamic republic Ayatollah Seyyed Ruhollah Khomeini (آیت‌الله روح‌الله خمینی in Persian) (May 17, 1900 – June 3, 1989) was an Iranian Shia cleric and the political and spiritual leader of the 1979 revolution that overthrew Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, the then Shah of Iran. ... The term authoritarian is used to describe an organization or a state which enforces strong and sometimes oppressive measures against the population, generally without attempts at gaining the consent of the population. ... Occupation may refer to: the principal activity (job or calling) that earns money for a person (see profession, business) the periods of time following a nations territory invasion by controlling enemy troops (see belligerent occupation) any activity that occupies an important portion of a persons attention (see fan... Terrorism is a controversial and subjective term with multiple definitions. ... The Palestinian flag, adopted in 1948, is a widely recognized modern symbol of the Palestinian people. ... The expression Black September may refer to: Black September, a Palestinian paramilitary organization The Black September in Jordan, a conflict between Palestinian militant organizations and Hashemite King Hussein of Jordan that began in September 1970 and ended in July 1971 with the expulsion of the PLO to Lebanon. ... Categories: Wikipedia cleanup | Stub | Crimes | Terrorism | IT ... A hostage is an entity which is held by a captor in order to compel another party to act or refrain from acting in a particular way. ... There were two Olympic Games in the year 1972: 1972 Summer Olympics 1972 Winter Olympics This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... Munich: Frauenkirche and Town Hall steeple Munich (German: München pronunciation) is the state capital of the German Bundesland of Bavaria. ...

In 1975, tensions between Maronite Christian and Muslim factions in Lebanon brought that country to civil war, which would continue sporadically for 20 years. 1975 was a common year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1975 calendar). ... Maronites (Marunoye ܡܪܘܢܝܶܐ in Syriac, Mawarinah in Arabic) are members of one of the Eastern Rites of the Catholic church. ... A Muslim is a believer in or follower of Islam. ... The Lebanese Civil War (1975-1990) had its origin in the conflicts and political compromises of Lebanons colonial period and was exacerbated by the nations changing demographic trends, Christian and Muslim inter-religious strife, and proximity to Syria and Israel. ...

The Iranian Revolution of 1979 transformed Iran from an autocratic pro-west monarchy under Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi to an Islamic, theocratic democracy under the rule of Ayatollah Khomeini. Distrust between the revolutionaries and Western powers led to the Iran hostage crisis on November 4, 1979 where 66 diplomats, mainly from the U.S., were held captive. In Iraq, Saddam Hussein began to rise to power by helping to modernize the country. One major initiative was removing the western monopoly on oil which later during the high prices of 1973 oil crisis would help Saddam's ambitious plans. On July 16, 1979 he assumed the presidency cementing his rise to power. His presidency led to the breaking off of a Syrian-Iraqi unification, which had been sought under Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr and would later lead to the Iran-Iraq War starting in the 1980s. Protestors take to the street in support of Ayatollah Khomeini. ... 1979 is a common year starting on Monday. ... His Imperial Majesty Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi (Persian: محمدرضا شاه پهلوی) (October 26, 1919 – July 27, 1980) holder of the deferential title Aryamehr (Light of the Aryans), was the last Shah of Iran, ruling from 1941 until 1979. ... Islam  listen? (Arabic: al-islām) the submission to God is a monotheistic faith, one of the Abrahamic religions, and the worlds second largest religion. ... Theocracy is a form of government in which a religion and the government are allied. ... Ayatollah Khomeini founded the first modern Islamic republic Ayatollah Seyyed Ruhollah Khomeini (آیت‌الله روح‌الله خمینی in Persian) (May 17, 1900 – June 3, 1989) was an Iranian Shia cleric and the political and spiritual leader of the 1979 revolution that overthrew Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, the then Shah of Iran. ... The Iran hostage crisis was a 444-day period during which the new government of Iran after the Iranian Revolution held hostage 66 diplomats and citizens of the United States. ... November 4 is the 308th day of the year (309th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 57 days remaining. ... 1979 is a common year starting on Monday. ... Saddam Hussein Saddām Hussein ʻAbd al-Majīd al-Tikrīt, spelled Husayn or Hussain; Arabic صدام حسين عبد المجيد التكريتي; born April 28, 1937 1) was President of Iraq from 1979 until 2003. ... Oil is a generic term for organic liquids that are not miscible with water. ... At the height of the crisis in the United States, drivers of vehicles with odd numbered license plates were allowed to purchase gasoline only on odd-numbered days of the month, while drivers with even-numbers were limited to even-numbered days. ... July 16 is the 197th day (198th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 168 days remaining. ... 1979 is a common year starting on Monday. ... The President of Iraq is Iraqs head of state and chief of government. ... General Ahmed Hassan al_Bakr (July 1, 1914 _ October 4, 1982) was President of Iraq from 1968 to 1979. ... Iranian troops in the northern front. ... Events and trends The 1980s marked an abrupt shift towards more conservative lifestyles after the momentous cultural revolutions which took place in the 1960s and 1970s and the definition of the AIDS virus in 1981. ...

See also: Yom Kippur War, Camp David Accords (1978) The Yom Kippur War (Hebrew: Milchemet Yom HaKipurim (מלחמת יום הכיפורים), also known as the October War, the 1973 Arab-Israeli War, and the Ramadan War), was fought from October 6 (the day of Yom Kippur) to October 24, 1973, between Israel and a coalition of Egypt and Syria. ... Anwar Sadat (left), Jimmy Carter (center), and Menachem Begin (right) shake hands in celebration of the success of the Camp David Accords The Camp David Accords were signed by Egyptian President Anwar Sadat and Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin on September 17, 1978, following twelve days of secret negotiations at...

Asia

• Indo-Pakistani War of 1971/Bangladesh Liberation War/Concert for Bangladesh (relates back to culture)
• Khmer Rouge/Pol Pot

The Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 was a military conflict between India and Pakistan. ... The Bangladesh Liberation War (two other names are also used occasionally) refers to an approximately nine month long armed conflict between West Pakistan (now Pakistan) and East Pakistan (now Bangladesh. ... The Concert For Bangladesh was the event title for two concerts held on the afternoon and evening of August 1, 1971, playing to a total of 40,000 people at Madison Square Garden in New York. ... The flag of the Khmer Rouge Party The Khmer Rouge (Khmer: Khmaey Krahom; French: Khmers Rouges) was a Communist organization which ruled Cambodia from 1975 to 1979. ... Pol Pot Saloth Sar (May 19, 1925 – April 15, 1998), better known as Pol Pot, was the leader of the Khmer Rouge and the Prime Minister of Cambodia (officially Democratic Kampuchea during his rule) from 1976 to 1979. ...

In the United States

Richard Nixon enjoyed high public support in the early Seventies. Nixon meets a highly receptive crowd during his reelection bid in 1972.

At the start of the decade, President Richard Nixon proved to be popular with the American people, in that he sent the last American troops from Vietnam, and took the first steps to normalizing relations with China and the Soviet Union, which he both visited in 1972. Nixon started the process known as détente when he joined the SALT I talks and eventually signed the treaty with Leonid Brezhnev. His high approval ratings led him to be overwhelmingly re-elected in the 1972 election against George McGovern. However, the Watergate scandal erupted soon after which put the entire Nixon administration in jeopardy. Nixon became the first President to resign his post, in 1974, and received a pardon for his involvement in the scandal by new President Gerald Ford later that year, a move which was seen by many as unfavorable. Order: 37th President Vice President: Spiro Agnew (1969–1973), Gerald R. Ford (1973–1974) Term of office: January 20, 1969 – August 9, 1974 Preceded by: Lyndon B. Johnson Succeeded by: Gerald R. Ford Date of birth: January 9, 1913 Place of birth: Yorba Linda, California Date of death: April 22... 1972 was a leap year that started on a Saturday. ... Détente was the general reduction in the tension between the Soviet Union and the United States and a thawing of the Cold War that occurred from the late 1960s until the start of the 1980s. ... SALT I is the common name for the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks from 1969–1972 between the United States and the Soviet Union, which resulted in a number of accords relating to the offensive nuclear arsenals of the two nations and a reduction of the nuclear arms race. ... Leonid Ilyich Brezhnev  listen (Russian: Леони́д Ильи́ч Бре́жнев) (December 19, 1906 – November 10, 1982) was effective ruler of the Soviet Union from 1964 to 1982, though at first in partnership with others. ... Democratic nomination Democratic Candidates Shirley Chisholm, U.S. representative from New York Fred Harris, U.S. senator from Oklahoma Hubert Humphrey, U.S. senator from Minnesota, former vice president, and 1968 presidential nominee Henry Scoop Jackson, U.S. senator from Washington John Lindsay, mayor of New York City Eugene McCarthy... Dr. George Stanley McGovern (born July 19, 1922 in Avon, South Dakota) was a United States Congressman, Senator, and Democratic presidential candidate, losing the 1972 presidential election to incumbent Richard Nixon. ... The Watergate Complex as depicted in Government Exhibit 1. ... 1974 is a common year starting on Tuesday (click on link for calendar). ... A pardon is the forgiveness of a crime and the penalty associated with it. ... Order: 38th President Vice President: Nelson A. Rockefeller Term of office: August 9, 1974 – January 20, 1977 Preceded by: Richard Nixon Succeeded by: Jimmy Carter Date of birth: July 14, 1913 Place of birth: Omaha, Nebraska First Lady: Betty Ford Political party: Republican Gerald Rudolph Ford, Jr. ...

Jimmy Carter and Gerald Ford in the infamous debate that may have very well cost Ford another term as President.

Ford's pardoning of Nixon, coupled with economic troubles felt by nearly every segment of the American population, cost him the 1976 election, in which he was soundly beaten by Jimmy Carter, a peanut farmer and former Governor of Georgia. One of the key events that turned the tide in Carter's favor was an embarrassing blunder on Ford's part, in in which he said during a live, televised presidential debate, that Eastern Europe was not under the domination of the Soviet Union. Carter's more personable style resonated with the majority of voters. Gerald Ford and Jimmy Carter in a Presidential campaign debate, September, 1976, Philadelphia. ... Gerald Ford and Jimmy Carter in a Presidential campaign debate, September, 1976, Philadelphia. ... Order: 39th President Vice President: Walter Mondale Term of office: January 20, 1977 – January 20, 1981 Preceded by: Gerald Ford Succeeded by: Ronald Reagan Date of birth: October 1, 1924 Place of birth: Plains, Georgia First Lady: Rosalynn Carter Political party: Democratic James Earl Jimmy Carter, Jr. ... This is a list of Governors of the state of Georgia, including governors of the British colony of Georgia. ... Senator John F. Kennedy debates Vice President Richard M. Nixon in the first televised debates, 1960. ... Eastern Europe is, by convention, that part of Europe from the Ural and Caucasus mountains in the East to an arbitrarily chosen boundary in the West. ...

Carter did not have any more luck than Ford had in curbing stagflation, as economists had termed it. Carter tried to address the price of imported oil and the subsequent energy dilemmas by creating the United States Department of Energy, but his efforts were largely unsuccessful, leading to the 1979 energy crisis, which was also felt in other parts of the world. Carter's leadership was also challenged abroad, with the most infamous event taking place on November 4, 1979: 66 Americans were captured at the United States Embassy in Iran's capital, Tehran. After two weeks, the women and African-Americans in the group were released, leaving only 52 men in confinement. The Iran hostage crisis was arguably the biggest blow to Carter's administration, and the hostages were only released when Ronald Reagan took the oath of office on January 20, 1981, succeeding Carter. Stagflation is a term in macroeconomics used to describe a period of characteristic high inflation combined with economic stagnation, unemployment, or economic recession. ... The United States Department of Energy (DOE) is a Cabinet-level department of the United States government responsible for energy policy and nuclear safety. ... The 1979 (or second) energy crisis occurred in the wake of the Iranian Revolution. ... November 4 is the 308th day of the year (309th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 57 days remaining. ... 1979 is a common year starting on Monday. ... ... Tehran (also transcribed Teheran) (تهران in Persian), population 9,000,000 (metropolitan: 14,000,000), and a land area of 254 square miles, is the capital of Iran (Persia) and the center of Tehran Province. ... African Americans, also known as Afro-Americans or Black Americans, are an ethnic group in the United States of America whose ancestors, usually in predominant part, were indigenous to West and sub-Saharan Africa. ... The Iran hostage crisis was a 444-day period during which the new government of Iran after the Iranian Revolution held hostage 66 diplomats and citizens of the United States. ... Order: 40th President Vice President: George H.W. Bush Term of office: 21 January 1981 – 20 January 1989 Preceded by: Jimmy Carter Succeeded by: George H.W. Bush Date of birth: 6 February 1911 Place of birth: Tampico, Illinois Date of death: 5 June 2004 Place of death: Bel-Air... January 20 is the 20th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1981 is a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

The Bicentennial

The Italian tall ship Amerigo Vespucci makes its way through New York Harbor, July 4, 1976.

1976 marked the 200th year since the signing of the Declaration of Independence, and plans were made all year to celebrate the United States Bicentennial. Tall ship in NYC harbor. ... Tall ship in NYC harbor. ... The Amerigo Vespucci is a world-famous tall ship of the Marina Militare, named after the explorer Amerigo Vespucci. ... New York Harbor is a geographic term that refers collectively to the bays and tidal estuaries near the mouth of the Hudson and adjacent rivers in the vicinity of New York City. ... July 4 is the 185th day of the year (186th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 180 days remaining. ... 1976 is a leap year starting on Thursday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1976 is a leap year starting on Thursday (link will take you to calendar). ... U.S. Declaration of Independence The Declaration of Independence is the document in which the Thirteen Colonies declared themselves independent of the Kingdom of Great Britain and explained their justifications for doing so. ... Categories: Stub ...

On July 4, 1976, parties were thrown across the nation on an even larger scale than usual, and historic ships sailed through New York Harbor. President Ford was on hand to officiate the ceremony, which ended in a display of fireworks at Ellis Island. The Statue of Liberty was lit up for the occasion, and provided a picturesque backdrop for the fireworks display. The fireworks display was broadcast on national television. July 4 is the 185th day of the year (186th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 180 days remaining. ... 1976 is a leap year starting on Thursday (link will take you to calendar). ... New York Harbor is a geographic term that refers collectively to the bays and tidal estuaries near the mouth of the Hudson and adjacent rivers in the vicinity of New York City. ... A fireworks event (fireworks display, fireworks show) is a spectacular display of the effects produced by firework devices on various occasions. ... Immigration Museum on Ellis Island Ellis Island, located in New York Harbor at the mouth of the Hudson River, was at one time the main immigration port for immigrants entering the United States in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. ... The Statue of Liberty Liberty Enlightening the World, commonly known as the Statue of Liberty, is a statue, given to the U.S. by France in the late 19th century, that stands at the mouth of the Hudson River in New York Harbor as a welcome to all: returning Americans...

In the United Kingdom

Margaret Thatcher's rise to the top of the Tories in 1975 was the first time a woman had been chosen to lead a political party in the United Kingdom.

In 1970, the Conservative Party was brought to power under the leadership of Edward Heath. In 1974, Heath lost a no-confidence vote in the House of Commons, which led to October elections. Labour was voted back in again, under Harold Wilson, who had led the country from 1964 to 1970. When Wilson retired from the post in 1976, former Chancellor of the Exchequer James Callaghan took over the office. However, failure to assuage the growing energy problem, coupled with rising inflation and unemployment, paved the way for a Tory win in 1979, under Margaret Thatcher's guidance. The world first took notice of Thatcher in 1975 when she became the first woman leader of the Tories; she was subsequently featured on the cover on TIME. Thatcher's rise to Prime Minister, at the tail end of the Seventies, ushered in a new era of changed that would become the trademark of what the Eighties represented throughout the world. Download high resolution version (421x640, 33 KB)Picture of Margeret Thatcher Source: http://memory. ... Download high resolution version (421x640, 33 KB)Picture of Margeret Thatcher Source: http://memory. ... 1975 was a common year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1975 calendar). ... 1970 was a common year starting on Thursday. ... Conservative Party can refer to: Canada Conservative Party of Canada (since 2003) Progressive Conservative Party of Canada (1942-2003) Conservative Party of Canada (historical) (until 1942) Their respective affiliated provincial parties Chile - Conservative Party Colombia - Colombian Conservative Party Denmark - Conservative Peoples Party Honduras - National Party of Honduras Lithuania - Homeland... The Right Honourable Sir Edward Richard George Heath, KG, MBE (born July 9, 1916) was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1970 to 1974 and leader of the Conservative Party from 1965 to 1975. ... 1974 is a common year starting on Tuesday (click on link for calendar). ... ... In some bicameral parliaments of a Westminster System, the House of Commons has historically been the name of the elected lower house. ... The name Labour Party or Labor Party is used by several political parties around the world. ... The Right Honourable James Harold Wilson, Baron Wilson of Rievaulx, KG, OBE, PC (March 11, 1916 – May 24, 1995) was one of the most successful Labour Prime Ministers of the United Kingdom and a 1960s icon. ... 1964 was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1970 was a common year starting on Thursday. ... 1976 is a leap year starting on Thursday (link will take you to calendar). ... The Right Honourable Gordon Brown, PC, MP, current Chancellor of the Exchequer The Chancellor of the Exchequer is the ancient title held by the British cabinet minister whose responsibilities are akin to the posts of Minister for Finance or Secretary of the Treasury in other jurisdictions. ... Leonard James Callaghan, Baron Callaghan of Cardiff, KG, PC (27 March 1912 – 26 March 2005), was Labour Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1976 to 1979. ... 1979 is a common year starting on Monday. ... MARGARET THATCHER IS A WAR CRIMINAL. ARREST HER IMMEDIATELY. ... 1975 was a common year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1975 calendar). ...

During the Seventies, support for the British royal family was thought to have dwindled, but the Silver Jubilee of Elizabeth II in 1977 assuaged the family's fears of being irrelevant in a more modern Britain. Elaborate parades and street parties were thrown in the Queen's honour, and the Queen met with millions of her countrymen on a tour throughout the Commonwealth. In spite of such widespread support, an emerging class of people voiced opposition to the monarchy, epitomized in the Sex Pistols' song "God Save the Queen". Members of the Royal Family on the balcony of Buckingham Palace after the Trooping the Colour ceremony The British Royal Family is a group of people closely related to the British monarch. ... Elizabeth IIs Silver Jubilee and her domestic and international visits proved very popular with her subjects. ... 1977 was a common year starting on Saturday (the link is to a full 1977 calendar). ... The English noun Commonwealth dates originally from the fifteenth century and in different contexts indicates one of: a nation, state or political unit a state founded on law by agreement of the people for the common good a republic a federated union of constituent states. ... The Sex Pistols in 1977. ... God Save the Queen (B-side Did You No Wrong) was the second single by punk band The Sex Pistols. ...

In Hong Kong

Hong Kong evolved in the seventies to become one the world's leading financial centres. During the 1970s, Hong Kong transitioned from a manufacturing centre to a financial centre. Manufacturing is the transformation of raw materials into finished goods for sale, or intermediate processes involving the production or finishing of semi-manufactures. ... Finance addresses the ways in which individuals, business entities and other organizations allocate and use monetary resources over time. ...

See also

• NBC's 2000 miniseries The '70s.