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Seville / Sevilla
The Cathedral of Seville is one of the largest in the world
Flag Coat of Arms
NO8DO ("From Andalusian: "No ma dejado" - I was not abandoned")
Location
Coordinates : (Coordinates: 37°22′38″N 5°59′13″W / 37.37722, -5.98694) Time zone : CET (GMT +1) - summer : CEST (GMT +2)
General information
Native name	Sevilla (Spanish)
Spanish name	Sevilla
Founded	8th-9th century BC
Postal code	41001-41080
Website	http://www.sevilla.org
Administration
Country	Spain
Autonomous Community	Andalucía
Province	Sevilla
Mayor	Alfredo Sánchez Monteseirín (PSOE)
Geography
Land Area	140 km²
Altitude	7 m AMSL
Population
Population	699,145 (about 1.5 millions in metro area) (2007)
Density	4,947.6 hab./km² (2007)

The Alamillo Bridge

Seville (Spanish: Sevilla [se'bi.ʝa], see also different names) is the artistic, cultural, and financial capital of southern Spain. It is the capital of Andalusia and of the province of Sevilla. It is situated on the plain of the River Guadalquivir, with an average elevation of 7 metres (23 ft) above sea level. The inhabitants of the city are known as Sevillanos (feminine form: Sevillanas) or Hispalenses. The population of the city of Seville was 699,145 as of 2007 (INE estimate). The population of the metropolitan area (urban area plus satellite towns) was 1,450,214 as of 2007 (INE estimate), ranking as the fourth largest metropolitan area of Spain. Seville can refer to: Seville, a city in in Andalusia, Spain Sevilla (province), a province in Andalusia, Spain The Seville Orange: A tart orange used in making marmalade. ... Image File history File links Question_book-3. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1800x1200, 453 KB) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... The Cathedral of Seville was begun in 1402, with construction continuing into the 16th century. ... Image File history File links BanderaSevilla1. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (605x601, 175 KB) Sumario Escudo de la ciudad de Sevilla, fotografiado de la Plaza de España de Sevilla. ... Image File history File links ES_Sevilla,_location_map_. ... Map of Earth showing lines of latitude (horizontally) and longitude (vertically), Eckert VI projection; large version (pdf, 1. ... Timezone and TimeZone redirect here. ... Time zones of Europe: Light colours indicate countries that do not observe summer time Central European Time (CET) is one of the names of the time zone that is 1 hour ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. ... GMT redirects here. ... Time zones of Europe: Light colours indicate countries that do not observe summer time Central European Summer Time (CEST) is one of the names of UTC+2 time zone, 2 hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. ... This article is about the international language known as Spanish. ... Postcodes are generally clearly visible outside Australia Post offices. ... A website (alternatively, Web site or web site) is a collection of Web pages, images, videos or other digital assets that is hosted on one or several Web server(s), usually accessible via the Internet, cell phone or a LAN. A Web page is a document, typically written in HTML... The term Administration, as used in the context of government, differs according to jurisdiction. ... For other uses, see Country (disambiguation). ... Spains fifty provinces (provincias) are grouped into seventeen autonomous communities (comunidades aut nomas), in addition to two African autonomous cities (ciudades aut nomas) (Ceuta and Melilla). ... Motto: Dominator Hercules Fundator Andaluc a por s , para Espa a y la humanidad (Andalusia for herself, for Spain, and for humanity) Capital Seville Area  - total  - % of Spain Ranked 2nd 87 268 km 17,2% Population  - Total (2003)  - % of Spain  - Density Ranked 1st 7 478 432 17,9% 85,70... In addition to its seventeen autonomous communities, Spain is divided into fifty provinces. ... Sevilla province Sevilla is a province of southern Spain, in the western part of the autonomous community of Andalusia. ... A mayor (from the Latin māior, meaning larger, greater) is the modern title of the highest ranking municipal officer. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Altitude is the elevation of an object from a known level or datum. ... The term above mean sea level (AMSL) refers to the elevation (on the ground) or altitude (in the air) of any object, relative to the average sea level. ... For other uses, see Density (disambiguation). ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1024x733, 121 KB) Photograph © Andrew Dunn, 07 May 2006. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1024x733, 121 KB) Photograph © Andrew Dunn, 07 May 2006. ... Alamillo Bridge The Alamillo Bridge at night The Alamillo Bridge in Seville, Spain spans the Guadalquivir River and was completed in 1992 by Santiago Calatrava. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... For other uses, see Andalusia (disambiguation). ... Sevilla province Sevilla is a province of southern Spain, in the western part of the autonomous community of Andalusia. ... The Guadalquivir is the second longest river in Spain (after the Tagus). ... Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE) Statistics National Institute, is the official organisation in Spain that collects statistics about demography, economy, and spanish society. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ...

History

Seville is more than two thousand years old. The passage of the various people instrumental in its growth has left the city with a distinct personality, and a large and well-preserved historical centre.

The city was known from early Roman times as Hispalis. The nearby Roman city of Italica is well-preserved and gives an impression of how Hispalis may have looked in the later Roman period. Existing Roman features in Seville include the remnants of an aqueduct. It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Iberian Peninsula. ... The Roman amphitheatre at Italica seated 25,000 Italicas amphitheatre pit Pits were filled with water for the naumachia A walkway in Italica A hallway that circles the ampitheatre The House of the Birds complete with mosaic floor The House of the Planetarium The city of Italica (north of... For other uses, see Aqueduct (disambiguation). ...

After successive conquests of the Roman province of Hispania Baetica by the Vandals and Visigoths, in the 5th and 6th centuries, the city was taken by the Moors in 712 and became an important centre in Muslim Andalusia. It remained under Muslim control, under the authority of the Umayyad, Almoravid and Almohad dynasties, until falling to Fernando III in 1248. The city retains many Moorish features, including large sections of the city wall. Roman province of Hispania Baetica, 120 CE In Hispania, which in Greek is called Iberia, there were three Imperial Roman provinces, Hispania Baetica in the south, Lusitania, corresponding to modern Portugal, in the west, and Hispania Tarraconensis in the north and northeast. ... Vandal and Vandali redirect here. ... A votive crown belonging to Reccesuinth (653–672) The Visigoths (Latin: ) were one of two main branches of the Goths, an East Germanic tribe, the Ostrogoths being the other. ... Europe in 450 The 5th century is the period from 401 to 500 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian Era. ... The 6th century is the period from 501 - 600 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian Era. ... For other uses, see moor. ... Al-Andalus is the Arabic name given the Iberian Peninsula by its Muslim conquerors; it refers to both the Caliphate proper and the general period of Muslim rule (711–1492). ... The Courtyard of the Umayyad Mosque in Damascus, one of the grandest architectural legacies of the Umayyads. ... Almoravides (From Arabic المرابطون sing. ... The Almohad Dynasty (From Arabic الموحدون al-Muwahhidun, i. ... United arms of Castile and León which Ferdinand first used. ...

Following the Reconquest, the city's development continued, with the construction of public buildings including churches, many in Mudéjar style. Later, the city experienced another golden age of development brought about by wealth accumulating from the awarding of a monopoly of trade with the Spanish territories in the New World. After the silting up of the Guadalquivir, the city went into relative economic decline. For other uses, see Reconquista (disambiguation). ... Teruel: Tower of the Cathedral, one of ten Mudéjar monuments of Aragón that comprise the World Heritage Site The Courtyard of the Dolls in the Alcázar of Seville Tower of the Santa maría church in Calatayud Las Ventas, Madrids Neo-Mudéjar bullfighting ring Mud... An anachronous map of the overseas Spanish Empire (1492-1898) in red, and the Spanish Habsburg realms in Europe (1516-1714) in orange. ... Frontispiece of Peter Martyr dAnghieras De orbe novo (On the New World). Carte dAmérique, Guillaume Delisle, 1722. ...

Seville's development in the 19th and 20th centuries was characterised by population growth and increasing industrialisation. Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical) (18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar. ... Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical) (18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar. ... A factory in Ilmenau (Germany) around 1860 Industrialisation (also spelt Industrialization) or an Industrial Revolution is a process of social and economic change whereby a human group is transformed from a pre-industrial society (an economy where the amount of capital accumulated per capita is low) to an industrial one...

Seville fell very quickly to General Franco's troops near the beginning of the Spanish Civil War in 1936 due to its proximity to the invasion force coming from Morocco. After the initial takeover of the city, resistance continued amongst the working class areas for some time, until a series of fierce reprisals took place.^[1][2] Generalísimo Francisco Franco, caudillo de España por la gracia de Dios Francisco Paulino Hermenegildo Teódulo Franco y Bahamonde Salgado Pardo de Andrade (December 4, 1892 - November 20, 1975), abbreviated Francisco Franco Bahamonde and sometimes known as Generalísimo Francisco Franco, was dictator of Spain from 1939 until... Not to be confused with the Spanish Civil War of 1820-1823. ... Year 1936 (MCMXXXVI) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Main city sights

Monuments

The city's cathedral was built from 1401–1519 after the Reconquista on the former site of the city's mosque. It is amongst the largest of all medieval and Gothic cathedrals, in terms of both area and volume. The interior is the longest nave in Spain, and is lavishly decorated, with a large quantity of gold evident. The Cathedral reused some columns and elements from the mosque, and, most famously, the Giralda, originally a minaret, was converted into a bell tower. It is topped with a statue, known locally as El Giraldillo, representing Faith. The tower's interior was built with ramps rather than stairs, to allow the Muezzin and others to ride to the top. Cathedral from the Patio of Oranges Interior of the Cathedral Façade of the Cathedral The Cathedral of Seville, formally Catedral de Santa María de la Sede (Cathedral of Saint Mary of the See) was begun in 1402, with construction continuing into the 16th century. ... The Lollards, a religious sect taught by John Wycliffe, were persecuted for their beliefs. ... Events March 4 - Hernán Cortés lands in Mexico. ... For other uses, see Reconquista (disambiguation). ... The Masjid al-Haram in Mecca as it exists today A mosque is a place of worship for followers of the Islamic faith. ... The western facade of Reims Cathedral, France. ... Links to full descriptions of the elements of a Gothic floorplan are also found at the entry Cathedral diagram. ... GOLD refers to one of the following: GOLD (IEEE) is an IEEE program designed to garner more student members at the university level (Graduates of the Last Decade). ... For the food company, see Alimentos La Giralda. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Bell Tower is an office tower in Edmonton, Canada. ... For other uses, see Faith (disambiguation). ... The müezzin (the word is pronounced this way Turkish, Urdu, etc. ...

Torre del Oro

The Alcázar facing the cathedral has developed from the city's old Moorish Palace; construction was begun in 1181 and continued for over 500 years, mainly in Mudéjar style, but also in Renaissance. Its gardens are a blend of Moorish, Andalusian, and Christian traditions. The Alcázar of Seville (Spanish Alcázares Reales de Sevilla or Royal Alcazars of Seville) is a royal palace in Seville, Spain. ... The quintessential medieval European palace: Palais de la Cité, in Paris, the royal palace of France. ... Events Jayavarman VII assumes control of the Khmer kingdom. ... Teruel: Tower of the Cathedral, one of ten Mudéjar monuments of Aragón that comprise the World Heritage Site The Courtyard of the Dolls in the Alcázar of Seville Tower of the Santa maría church in Calatayud Las Ventas, Madrids Neo-Mudéjar bullfighting ring Mud... This article is about the European Renaissance of the 14th-17th centuries. ... For other uses, see Christian (disambiguation). ...

The Torre del Oro was built by the Almohad dynasty as watchtower and defensive barrier on the river. A chain was strung through the water from the base of the tower to prevent boats from traveling into the river port. The Torre del Oro The Torre del Oro at night View from the riverside The Torre del Oro (Spanish for Gold Tower) is a military watchtower built in Seville, Spain during the Almohad dynasty in order to control access to the city via the Guadalquivir river. ... Almohad Dynasty in its Greatest Extent, IN WRONG MAP The Almohad Dynasty (From Arabic الموحدون al-Muwahhidun, i. ... A watchtower is a type of fortification. ...

The Town Hall, built in the 16th century in Plateresque Style by Diego de Riaño. The Façade to Plaza Nueva was built in the 19th century in Neoclassical style. City Hall is a 1996 film directed by Harold Becker. ... Plateresque refers to the 15th and 16th century art form in Spain, characterized by an ornate style of architecture. ... Façade of Seville Town Hall, by Diego de Riaño Diego de Riaño (Valladolid ?-1534) was a Spanish architect of the Renaissance. ... The Cathedral of Vilnius (1783), by Laurynas Gucevičius. ...

The University of Sevilla is housed in the original site of the first tobacco factory in Europe, La Antigua Fabrica de Tabacos. The University of Seville or sometimes Seville University, in Spanish Universidad de Sevilla, is a university in Seville, Spain. ...

Parks and gardens

• Parque Maria Luisa was built for the 1929 Exposición Ibero-Americana World's Fair, and remains landscaped with attractive monuments and museums.

• The Alcázar Gardens, arranged to the back of the palace. They were planted and developed alongside the Alcázar throughout the centuries. Sheltered within the walls of the palace, they are laid out in terraces, and present variations of influences, styles and plants in each sector.

• The Gardens of Murillo and the Gardens of Catalina de Ribera: alongside the wall of the Alcázar and next to the district of Santa Cruz.

Other prominent parks and gardens include: Year 1929 (MCMXXIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Ibero-American Exposition of 1929 was a worlds fair held in Seville, Spain. ... Worlds Fair is any of various large expositions held since the mid-19th century. ... For other uses, see Museum (disambiguation). ...

• Parque de los Príncipes
• Parque del Alamillo
• Parque Amate
• Parque Metropolitano de la Cartuja
• Jardines de las Delicias
• Jardín Americano
• Jardín Este
• Jardines de Cristina
• Jardines Chapina
• Jardines de la Buhaira
• Jardines de San Telmo
• ardines del Guadalquivir
• Jardines del Valle

Climate

The climate of Seville is Mediterranean, with oceanic influences. The annual average temperature is 18.6 °C (65 °F), which makes this city one of the warmest in Europe.  Areas with Mediterranean climate A Mediterranean climate is a climate that resembles the climate of the lands in the Mediterranean Basin. ...

• Winters are mild: January is the coolest month, with average maximum temperatures of 15.9 °C (61 °F) and minimum of 5.2 °C (41 °F).

• Summers are very warm: August is the warmest month, with average maximum temperatures of 35.5 °C (96 °F) and minimum temperatures of 19.4 °C (67 °F) and every year the temperature exceeds 40 °C (104 °F) on several occasions. The registrated extreme temperatures by the weather station at Seville Airport are −5.5 °C (22 °F) on 12 February 1956, and 46.6 °C (116 °F) on 23 July 1995. There is a non-accredited record by the National Institute of Meteorology which is 47.2 °C (117 °F) on 1 August during the 2003 heat wave, according to a weather station (83910 LEZL) located in the southern part of Seville Airport, near the abandoned military zone. This temperature would be one of the highest ever recorded in Spain and Europe.

• Precipitation varies from 600 to 800 mm (23.5–31.5 in) per year, concentrated in the period October to April. December is the wettest month, with an average rainfall of 95 millimetres (4 in). On average there are 52 days of rain, 2,898 hours of sun and four days of frost per year.

San Pablo Airport (IATA: SVQ, ICAO: LEZL) is the main airport for Seville and is Andalucia’s second airport, behind Malaga. ... is the 43rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... A car from 1956 Year 1956 (MCMLVI) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 204th day of the year (205th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1995 (MCMXCV) was a common year starting on Sunday. ... is the 213th day of the year (214th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2003 European heat wave was one of the hottest summers on record in Europe; this heat wave led to a health crisis in certain countries and had a considerable impact on crops. ...

Culture

Festivals

A man playing the accordion in the Old Quarters of Seville.

Semana Santa and the Seville Fair, La Feria de Sevilla (also Feria de Abril, "April Fair") are the two most well-known of Seville's festivals. Seville is internationally renowned for the solemn but beautiful processions during Holy Week and the colourful and lively fair held two weeks after. During Feria, families, businesses and organisations set up casetas, marquees, in which they spend the week dancing, drinking, and socialising. Traditionally, women wear elaborate flamenco dresses and men dress in their best suits. The marquees are set up on a permanent fairground in which each street is named after a famous bullfighter. Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 446 × 599 pixelsFull resolution‎ (1,709 × 2,297 pixels, file size: 808 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) An accordion player in Seville, Spain. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 446 × 599 pixelsFull resolution‎ (1,709 × 2,297 pixels, file size: 808 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) An accordion player in Seville, Spain. ... For other uses, see Accordion (disambiguation). ... The Holy Week in Seville (Semana Santa en Sevilla) is one of the most important religious and traditional events of the city. ... The Seville Spring Fair, Feria de abril de Sevilla, is held in the Andalusian capital of Seville, Spain. ... This article is about the Christian festival. ... The word marquee can refer to several things: Marquee (tent), its use in British English for a large, open-sided tent installed outdoors for temporary functions. ... Flamenco is a Spanish musical genre with strong, rhythmic undertones and is often accompanied with a similarly impassioned style of dance characterized by its powerful yet graceful execution, as well as its intricate hand and footwork. ...

Gastronomy

Seville is a gastronomic centre, with a cuisine based on the products of the surrounding provinces, including seafood from Cádiz, olive oil from Jaén, and sherry from Jerez de la Frontera. Cádiz province Cádiz is a province of southern Spain, in the southwestern part of the autonomous community of Andalusia, being the southernmost point of continental Western Europe. ... For the Popeye character, see Olive Oyl. ... Jaén Province may refer to Jaén Province, Spain Jaén Province, Peru This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... A glass of amontillado Sherry For other uses, see Sherry (disambiguation). ... “Jerez” redirects here. ...

The tapas scene is one of the main cultural attractions of the city: people go from one bar to another, enjoying small dishes called tapas (literally "lids" or "covers" in Spanish, referring to their probable origin as snacks served in small plates used to cover drinks.) Puntillitas, battered and fried baby squid Tapas (IPA: ) is the name for a wide variety of appetizers in Spanish cuisine. ...

Local specialities include fried and grilled seafood (including squid, cuttlefish, swordfish and dogfish), grilled meats in sauces, spinach and chickpeas, Andalusian ham (Jamón ibérico), lamb's kidneys in a sherry sauce, snails, and gazpacho. For other uses, see Squid (disambiguation). ... Orders and Families †Vasseuriina †Vasseuriidae †Belosepiellidae Sepiina †Belosaepiidae Sepiadariidae Sepiidae Cuttlefish are marine animals of the order Sepiida belonging to the Cephalopoda class (which also includes squid, octopuses, and nautiluses). ... This article is about a type of fish. ... Note the fisherman carefully avoiding the venomous spine near the rear dorsal fin The name dogfish, derived from a compound of dog and fish, is applied to a number of small sharks found in the northeast Atlantic, Pacific, and Mediterranean, especially to those in the three families Scyliorhinidae, Dalatiidae and... Binomial name Spinacia oleracea L. Percentages are relative to US recommendations for adults. ... Binomial name Cicer arietinum L. The chickpea, garbanzo bean or bengal gram (Cicer arietinum) is an edible pulse of the Leguminosae or Fabaceae family, subfamily India. ... Black leg Jamón Ibérico . ... Giant African Snail (Achatina fulica) The name snail applies to most members of the molluscan Class Gastropoda that have coiled shells. ... Gazpacho with blended ingredients. ...

Typical sweet cakes of this province are polvorones and mantecados from the town of Estepa, a kind of shortcake made with almonds, sugar and lard; Pestiños, a honey-coated sweet fritter; Roscos fritos, deep-fried sugar-coated ring doughnuts; magdalenas or fairy cakes; yemas de San Leandro, which provide the city's convents with a source of revenue, and Tortas de aceite, a thin sugar-coated cake made with olive oil. Estepa possesses the most ancient past and preserves remains that like that it testify and date back to the prehistoric times, with remains of sílex, axes of stone, etc. ... Strawberry shortcake Shortcake is a sweet biscuit (in the American sense: that is, a crumbly, baking soda- or baking powder-leavened bread), and a dessert made with that biscuit. ... This article refers to the plant. ... This article is about sugar as food and as an important and widely-traded commodity. ... This article is about the fat. ... A Beguine convent in Amsterdam. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...

Except for polvorones and mantecados, which are traditional Christmas products, all of these are consumed throughout the year.

The Seville oranges that dot the city landscape, too sour for modern tastes, are commonly used to make marmalade. A popular bitter orange grown in the Mediterranean. ... For other uses, see Marmalade (disambiguation). ...

Flamenco and Sevillana

The Sevillana dance, commonly presented as flamenco, is not thought to be of Sevillan origin. But the folksongs called Sevillanas are authentically Sevillan, as is the four-part dance that goes with them. Sevillana is a popular flamenco dance from Seville. ... Flamenco is a Spanish musical genre with strong, rhythmic undertones and is often accompanied with a similarly impassioned style of dance characterized by its powerful yet graceful execution, as well as its intricate hand and footwork. ... Sevillanas is a type of folk music, sung and written in Seville (Andalusia)in Spain. ...

Seville, and most significantly the traditionally gypsy barrio, Triana, was a major centre in the development of flamenco. Language(s) Romani language Caló (Spanish Romani) Spanish language Catalan language Religion(s) Predominantly Roman Catholic Church Related ethnic groups Roma people Indo-Aryans Spanish people The Romani people (also called Romany or Gypsies) are a diverse ethnic group who until recently lived primarily in Southern and Eastern Europe, Western... The iconic Puente de Triana (Triana Bridge) Triana is a neighborhood in the city of Seville, Spain, across the river Guadalquivir from the center, and in fact the majority, of the city. ... Flamenco is a Spanish musical genre with strong, rhythmic undertones and is often accompanied with a similarly impassioned style of dance characterized by its powerful yet graceful execution, as well as its intricate hand and footwork. ...

Giralda replica in Kansas City, Missouri

Image File history File links Size of this preview: 450 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (1200 × 1600 pixels, file size: 187 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) (All user names refer to en. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 450 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (1200 × 1600 pixels, file size: 187 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) (All user names refer to en. ... For the food company, see Alimentos La Giralda. ... Nickname: Location in Jackson, Clay, Platte, and Cass Counties in the state of Missouri. ...

Motto

The motto of Seville is "NO8DO". The "8" is shaped like a skein of wool, or, madeja in Spanish. The motto, therefore, is a rebus, reading "NO madeja DO," a play on the sentence, "No me ha dejado," or "she [the city] has not abandoned me [the king]". For other uses, see Motto (disambiguation). ... Look up Skein in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Rebus Principle (Linguistics) is using the existing symbols, such as pictograms, purely for their sounds regardless of their meaning, to represent new words. ...

The motto, according to one legend, refers to the city's support of King Alphonse X in a 13th-century war with his son, Don Sancho. Another places the phrase in the mouth of Ferdinand III while riding into the city after expelling the Moors in 1248. This motto is seen in the city flag and throughout Seville, inscribed on manhole covers, and on some street signs. Alfonso X and his court. ... As a means of recording the passage of time, the 13th century was that century which lasted from 1201 to 1300. ... Statue of Sancho IV of Castile and León Sancho IV the Brave (1257/58 – April 25, 1295) was a king of Castile and León (1284 - 1295). ... United arms of Castile and León which Ferdinand first used. ... For broader historical context, see 1240s and 13th century. ... Princeton University manhole cover, Princeton, NJ, USA Pick holes in manhole cover, Palo Alto, CA, USA Kraków manhole cover (note integral hinge) Painted manhole cover in Matsumoto, Japan. ...

Sister cities

Seville has three sister cities, as designated by Sister Cities International, Inc. (SCI): Sign denoting twin towns of Neckarsulm, Germany Town twinning is a concept whereby towns or cities in geographically and politically distinct areas are paired with the goal of fostering human contact and cultural links. ...

• Kansas City, Missouri
• Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
• Columbus, Ohio

Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Nickname: Location in Jackson, Clay, Platte, and Cass Counties in the state of Missouri. ... This article is about the U.S. state. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic. ... For other uses, see Santo Domingo (disambiguation). ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Nickname: Location in the state of Ohio, USA Coordinates: , Country State Counties Franklin, Fairfield, Delaware Government  - Mayor Michael B. Coleman (D) Area  - City 212. ... This article is about the U.S. State. ...

Economy

The economic activity of Seville cannot be detached from the geographical and urban context of the city; the capital of Andalusia is the centre of a growing metropolitan area. Aside from traditional neighborhoods such as Santa Cruz, Triana and La Macarena, those further away from the centre, such as Nervión, Sevilla Este, and El Porvenir have seen recent economic growth. Over the past twenty years, this urban area has seen significant population growth and the development of new industrial and commercial parks. Santa Cruz, is the primary tourist neighborhood of Seville, Spain, and the former Jewish quarter of the medieval city. ... The iconic Puente de Triana (Triana Bridge) Triana is a neighborhood in the city of Seville, Spain, across the river Guadalquivir from the center, and in fact the majority, of the city. ... La Macarena is a neighborhood of Seville, Spain, as well as a District, although the two are not entirely coterminous. ... Nervión is a large, modern neighborhood in the eastern zone of Seville, Spain. ...

Due to its size and location, Seville is economically the strongest of the Andalusian cities. The infrastructure available in the city contributes to the growth of an economy dominated by the service sector, but in which industry still holds a considerable place.

Economic infrastructure

The economic development of the city and its urban area is supported by good transport links to other Spanish cities, including a high-speed AVE railway link to Madrid, and an international airport. For other uses, see AVE (disambiguation). ...

In addition:

• Seville has the only river port of the Iberian peninsula, located 80 km (50 mi) from the mouth of the River Guadalquivir. This harbor complex offers access to the Atlantic and the Mediterranean, and allows trade in goods between the south of Spain (Andalusia, Extremadura) and Europe, the Middle East and North Africa. The port has undergone reorganisation. Annual tonnage rose to 5.3 million tonnes of goods in 2006.
• Seville has conference facilities, including the Congress Palace.

• The city and its surrounding province have a number of large industrial parks and technology centres: Dos Hermanas accommodates the largest Andalusian industrial park, while Alcalá de Guadaíra has the largest industrial complex by surface area in Andalusia; the Parque Científico Tecnológico Sevilla Tecnopolis, gathers companies, research centres and university departments directed towards the development of new technologies; the Parque Tecnológico y Aeronáutico Aerópolis is focused on the aircraft industry.

The Guadalquivir is the second longest river in Spain (after the Tagus). ... Capital Mérida Official language(s) Spanish; Area  â€“ Total  â€“ % of Spain Ranked 5th  41,634 km²  8. ... Tonnage is a measure of the size or cargo capacity of a ship. ... Dos Hermanas is a city 6. ...

Characteristics by sector

The town of Seville and its agglomeration have, by their situation in the heart of the plain of the Guadalquivir, maintained dynamic agricultural activity. Agroalimentary industry is flourishing there. Nevertheless, for a long time the area has been looking to the future, while investing massively in industrial activities, supported by the existing infrastructures. The service sector and new technologies are increasingly important. Seville concentrated, in 2004, 31% of large Andalusian companies and 128 of the 6,000 largest national companies. In 2005, the metropolitan area counted a working population of 471,947 people, of which 329,471 (69.81%) worked within the city centre.

• Agriculture represents less than 1.3% of the workers of the city. Cereal, fruit and olive-growing constitute the principal agricultural activities in this area of Andalusia.

• Industry contributes up to 28% of the economic output of Seville. It employed in 2005 15.2% of workers in the city. It is well established in the metropolitan area, stimulated by the various industrial parks, the presence of good infrastructure and the proximity of the complexes of the Bays of Cádiz, Algeciras, and Huelva.

• The service sector employs 83.5% of the working population of Seville. It represents a significant share of the local economy and is centred on tourism, trade and financial services.

Research and development

The city of Seville makes a significant contribution to scientific research, as it houses the first and largest DNA bank in Spain, through the local company Neocodex. Neocodex stores 20,000 DNA samples and is recognised internationally. In addition, Seville is also considered an important technological and research centre for renewable energies and the aeronautics industry. A DNA bank is a repository of DNA, usually used for research or criminal investigation. ...

Through its high-tech centres and its fabric of innovating companies, the Andalusian capital has risen to among the most important Spanish cities in term of development and research. Moroever, the scientific and technological activity of the three Seville universities has to be added, whose certain laboratories and research centres work in close connection with the local socio-economic power. Thus, the Parque Científico Tecnológico Sevilla Tecnopolis gathers private and public actors in various fields of research.

The principal innovation and research orientations are telecommunications, new technologies, biotechnologies (in relation to local agricultural specificities), environment and renewable energy.

Transportation

Sevilla is served by the TUSSAM (Transportes Urbanos de Sevilla) bus network which runs buses throughout the city as well as outlying areas surrounding Sevilla. El Metrocentro Tranvia is a tram line consisting of four stops, running from el Prado bus station, past the University and the Cathedral, and stopping at Plaza Nueva where the direction of service reverses. A Volvo articulated bus in contract service for Virginia Commonwealth University in Richmond, Virginia, operated by Virginia Overland Transportation, an urban-suburban bus line, in 2003 A transit bus (also known as a commuter bus) in the United States is usually operated by an urban-suburban bus line, a governmental...

By the end of 2008, the city hopes to see completion of its first metro line, almost 28 months later than originally planned. The project experienced several delays caused by various reasons, including the relocation of archaeological findings and the need for a deeper tunnel under the Guadalquivir River, to avoid possible water leakages.

The Santa Justa train station is served by the AVE high-speed rail system, and is operated by the Spanish state-owned rail company Renfe. For other uses, see AVE (disambiguation). ... French-designed Eurostar and Thalys TGVs side-by-side in the Paris-Gare du Nord. ... RENFE is Spains national railway operator. ...

Currently in progress as well is the Sevici community bicycle program which has integrated bicycles into the public transport network. Across the city, bicycles are available for hire at low cost and green bicycle lanes can be seen on most major streets. This network of lanes (carriles) is also currently being expanded. White bicycles for free use, in Hoge Veluwe national park, the Netherlands Community bicycle programs (also known as Yellow bicycle programs, White bicycle programs, bike sharing, public bike or free bike) are one variation on an international movement to provide environmentally friendly transportation options to citizens. ...

Education