This article needs additional references or sources for verification. Please help improve this article by adding reliable references. Unverifiable material may be challenged and removed. | The Shakespeare Apocrypha is the name given to a group of plays that have sometimes been attributed to William Shakespeare, but whose attribution is questionable for various reasons. This is separate from the debate on Shakespearean authorship, which addresses the authorship of the works traditionally attributed to Shakespeare.Shakespeare wrote 38 plays. Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ...
The frontispiece of the First Folio (1623), the first collected edition of Shakespeares plays From 1593 to 1637, a number of plays and poems were published under the name William Shakespeare or, in many cases, hyphenated as Shake-Speare. The company that performed most of these plays, the Lord...
The problem
In his own lifetime, Shakespeare saw only about half of his plays enter print. Some individual plays were published in quarto, a small, cheap format. In 1623, seven years after Shakespeare's death, his fellow actors John Heminges and Henry Condell put together a collection of his complete plays. Heminges and Condell were in a position to compile Shakespeare's complete plays, because they, like Shakespeare, worked for the King's Men, the London theatre company that produced all of Shakespeare's plays (in Elizabethan England, plays belonged to the company that performed them, not the dramatist who had written them). Quarto has several meanings: In bookbinding and publishing, quarto indicates the book size which results when four leaves of the book are created from a standard size sheet of paper. ...
Year 1623 (MDCXXIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 10-day slower Julian calendar). ...
John Heminges was an actor in the Kings Men, the playing company for which William Shakespeare wrote. ...
Henry Condell was an actor in the Kings Men, the playing company for which William Shakespeare wrote. ...
It has been suggested that Lord Chamberlains Men be merged into this article or section. ...
The Elizabethan Era is the period associated with the reign of Queen Elizabeth I (1558 - 1603) and is often considered to be a golden age in English history. ...
For other uses, see England (disambiguation). ...
It ought to be simple, therefore, to say what Shakespeare wrote, and what he did not: the plays that were included in the First Folio must be by Shakespeare, and those that were excluded must be by someone else. After all, Heminges and Condell were in a better position to know what Shakespeare wrote than subsequent scholars or secondhand sources. The title page of the First Folio with the famous engraved portrait of Shakespeare by Martin Droeshout The First Folio is the name given by modern scholars to the first published collection of William Shakespeares plays; its actual title is Mr. ...
However, there are a number of complications that have created the concept of the Shakespeare Apocrypha. The Apocrypha can be categorized under the following headings.
Plays attributed to Shakespeare during the 17th century, but not included in the First Folio There were several plays published in quarto during the seventeenth century which bear Shakespeare's name on the title page (or the intitials 'Will.S.'), but did not appear in the First Folio. Some of these plays (such as Pericles) are believed by most lovers of Shakespeare to have been written by him (at least in part). Others, such as Thomas Lord Cromwell are so badly written that it is difficult to believe they really are by Shakespeare. Quarto has several meanings: In bookbinding and publishing, quarto indicates the book size which results when four leaves of the book are created from a standard size sheet of paper. ...
The title page of the First Folio with the famous engraved portrait of Shakespeare by Martin Droeshout The First Folio is the name given by modern scholars to the first published collection of William Shakespeares plays; its actual title is Mr. ...
Pericles, Prince of Tyre is a play written partly by William Shakespeare and included in modern editions of his collected plays. ...
Thomas Lord Cromwell is an Elizabethan play, published in 1602. ...
There are various conceivable explanations as to why these plays were excluded from the First Folio by Heminges and Condell. The title page of the First Folio with the famous engraved portrait of Shakespeare by Martin Droeshout The First Folio is the name given by modern scholars to the first published collection of William Shakespeares plays; its actual title is Mr. ...
- The title page attributions are simply lies made by fraudulent printers trading on Shakespeare's reputation.
- These plays are collaborative, not by Shakespeare alone (yet it must be remembered that Henry VIII, Henry VI, part 1 and Timon of Athens were not excluded, even though modern stylistic analysis suggests that they are collaborations).
- Shakespeare may have had an editorial role in the plays' creation, rather than actually writing them; alternatively they may simply be based on a plot outline by Shakespeare
- They were written for different companies than the King's Men, perhaps from early in Shakespeare's career, and thus were inaccessible to Heminges and Condell when they compiled the First Folio.
No one of these explanations is the right one; each play needs to be looked at on an individual basis. Dame Ellen Terry as Katherine of Aragon The Famous History of the Life of King Henry the Eighth was one of the last plays written by the English playwright William Shakespeare, based on the life of Henry VIII of England. ...
The First Part of King Henry the Sixth is one of Shakespeares history plays. ...
For other uses, see Timon (disambiguation). ...
It has been suggested that Lord Chamberlains Men be merged into this article or section. ...
- The Birth of Merlin was published in 1662 as the work of Shakespeare and William Rowley. This attribution is demonstrably fraudulent, or mistaken, as there is unambiguous evidence that the play was written in 1622, six years after Shakespeare's death. It is unlikely that Shakespeare and Rowley would have written together, as they were both chief dramatist for rival playing companies. The play has been called "funny, colorful, and fast-paced"[1] but critical consensus follows Henry Tyrrel's conclusion that the play "does not contain it even one single trace of the genius of the bard of Avon"[2], supplemented by C. F. Tucker Brooke's suggestion that Rowley was consciously imitating Shakespeare's style.[3]
- Locrine was published in 1595 as "Newly set forth, overseen and corrected by W.S." The play's stiff, formal verse is hardly Shakespearian, but it is conceivable that Shakespeare might have been in charge of tidying up an old play. It is also possible that the man behind the W.S. was Wentworth Smith, another, more obscure dramatist with the right initials.
- The London Prodigal was printed in 1605 under Shakespeare's name. As it is a King's Men play, Shakespeare may have had a minor role in its creation, but according to Tucker Brooke, "Shakespeare's catholicity and psychological insight are conspicuously absent."[4] Fleay hypothesized that Shakespeare wrote a rough outline or plot and left another playwright to the actual writing.
- Pericles, Prince of Tyre was published under Shakespeare's name. Its uneven writing suggests that the first two acts are by another playwright. George Wilkins was proposed as this unknown collaborator by Nicolaus Delius in 1868; a century later, F. D. Hoeneger proposed John Day. In general, critics have accepted that the last three-fifths are mostly Shakespeare's, following Gary Taylor's claim that by the middle of the Jacobean decade, "Shakespeare's poetic style had become so remarkably idiosyncratic that it stands out--even in a corrupt text--from that of his contemporaries."[5]
- The Puritan was published in 1607 and attributed to 'W.S.' This play is now generally believed to be by Thomas Middleton. As with Locrine, Wentworth Smith is also a possibility.
- The Second Maiden's Tragedy survives only in manuscript. Three crossed-out attributions in seventeenth century hands attribute it to Thomas Goffe, Shakespeare, and George Chapman. However, stylistic analysis indicates very strongly that the true author was Thomas Middleton. Professional handwriting expert Charles Hamilton has claimed that this play is in fact Shakespeare's manuscript of the lost Cardenio, but his argument has a number of logical flaws.
- Sir John Oldcastle was originally published in 1600, attributed on the title page to "William Shakespeare" (STC 18796). In 1619, a second edition also attributed it to Shakespeare. In fact, the diary of Philip Henslowe records that it was written by Anthony Munday, Michael Drayton, Richard Hathaway and Robert Wilson.
- Thomas Lord Cromwell was published in 1602 and attributed to 'W.S.' Except for a few scholars, such as Ludwig Tieck and August Wilhelm Schlegel, "hardly anyone has thought that Shakespeare was even in the slightest way involved in the production of these plays."[6] Another possible candidate for its authorship is Wentworth Smith.[7]
- The Two Noble Kinsmen was published as a collaboration between Shakespeare and John Fletcher, the young playwright who took over Shakespeare's job as chief playwright of the King's Men. Mainstream scholarship agrees with this attribution, and the play is increasingly being accepted as a worthy member of the Shakespeare canon, despite its collaborative origins. It is for instance included in the 1986 Oxford Shakespeare.
- A Yorkshire Tragedy was published in 1608 as the work of Shakespeare. Although a minority of readers support this claim, the weight of stylistic evidence supports Thomas Middleton.
- Edward III was published anonymously in 1596. It was first attributed to Shakespeare in a bookseller's catalogue published in 1656.[8] Various scholars have suggested Shakespeare's possible authorship, since a number of passages appear to bear his stamp, among other sections that are remarkably uninspired. In 1996, Yale University Press became the first major publisher to produce an edition of the play under Shakespeare's name, and shortly afterward, the Royal Shakespeare Company performed the play (to mixed reviews). In 2001, the American professional premiere was staged by the Carmel Shakespeare Festival, which received positive reviews for the endeavor. A consensus is emerging that the play was written by a team of dramatists including Shakespeare early in his career — but exactly who wrote what is still open to debate. The play is included in the Second Edition of the Complete Oxford Shakespeare (2005), where it is attributed to "William Shakespeare and Others".
The 'Charles II Library' plays: in Charles II's library, an unknown seventeenth century person has bound together three quartos of anonymous plays and labelled them 'Shakespeare, vol. 1'. As a seventeenth century attribution, this decision warrants some consideration. The three plays are: The Birth of Merlin, or, The Child Hath Found his Father is a Jacobean play, written in 1622. ...
William Rowley was an English Jacobean dramatist, best known for works written in collaboration with more successful writers. ...
Events January 1 - In the Gregorian calendar, January 1 is declared as the first day of the year, instead of March 25. ...
Locrine is an Elizabethan play depicting the legendary Trojan founders of the nation of England and of Troynovant (London). ...
Wentworth Smith (fl. ...
The London Prodigal is a city comedy set in London in which a prodigal son learns the error of his ways. ...
It has been suggested that Lord Chamberlains Men be merged into this article or section. ...
Frederick Gard Fleay (1831 â 1909) was an influential and prolific nineteenth-century Shakespeare scholar. ...
Title page of the 1611 quarto edition of the play Pericles, Prince of Tyre is a play written (at least in part) by William Shakespeare and included in modern editions of his collected plays despite some questions over its authorship. ...
George Hubert Wilkins (fl. ...
Nicolaus Delius (1813 - 1888) was a German philologist. ...
John Day (1574-1640?) was an English dramatist of the Elizabethan and Jacobean periods. ...
Title page of the 1607 quarto The Puritan is a Jacobean comedy, published in 1607, generally considered to be written by Thomas Middleton. ...
Thomas Middleton (1580 â 1627) was an English Jacobean playwright and poet. ...
The Second Maidens Tragedy is a Jacobean play that survives only in manuscript. ...
Thomas Goffe (1591 - 1629) was a minor Elizabethan dramatist. ...
This article is about George Chapman the English literary figure; see George Chapman (murderer) for the Victorian poisoner of the same name. ...
Thomas Middleton (1580 â 1627) was an English Jacobean playwright and poet. ...
Publicity poster for the 2002 Los Angeles production of The Second Maidens Tragedy as The History of Cardenio is a lost play, known to have been performed by the Kings Men, a London theatre company, in 1613. ...
Sir John Oldcastle is an Elizabethan play about John Oldcastle, a controversial 14th-15th century rebel and Lollard who was seen by some of Shakespeares contemporaries as a proto-Protestant martyr. ...
Philip Henslowe (c 1550 - January 6, 1616) was an Elizabethan theatrical entrepreneur. ...
Anthony Munday (or Monday) (1560?âAugust 10, 1633), was an English dramatist and miscellaneous writer. ...
Drayton, 1628 Michael Drayton (1563 â December 23, 1631) was an English poet who came to prominence in the Elizabethan era. ...
Richard Hathwaye (fl. ...
Robert Wilson (fl. ...
Thomas Lord Cromwell is an Elizabethan play, published in 1602. ...
Ludwig Tieck Johann Ludwig Tieck (May 31, 1773 â April 28, 1853) was a German poet, translator, editor, novelist, and critic, who was part of the Romantic movement of the late 18th and early 19th centuries. ...
August Wilhelm von Schlegel (September 8, 1767 - May 12, 1845), German poet, translator and critic, was born at Hanover, where his father, Johann Adolf Schlegel (1721_1793), was a Lutheran pastor. ...
The Two Noble Kinsmen is a play written in 1613 by John Fletcher and William Shakespeare in collaboration. ...
John Fletcher (1579-1625) was a Jacobean playwright. ...
It has been suggested that Lord Chamberlains Men be merged into this article or section. ...
Year 1986 (MCMLXXXVI) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link displays 1986 Gregorian calendar). ...
Oxford University Press (OUP) is a highly-respected publishing house and a department of the University of Oxford in England. ...
A Yorkshire Tragedy was an English play printed in 1608. ...
Thomas Middleton (1580 â 1627) was an English Jacobean playwright and poet. ...
The Reign of King Edward III is a play attributed to William Shakespeare. ...
Year 1996 (MCMXCVI) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar). ...
Yale University Press is a book publisher founded in 1908. ...
Royal Shakespeare Theatre in Stratford-upon-Avon The Royal Shakespeare Company (RSC) is a British theatre company. ...
Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...
Charles II (29 May 1630 â 6 February 1685) was the King of England, Scotland, and Ireland. ...
Quarto has several meanings: In bookbinding and publishing, quarto indicates the book size which results when four leaves of the book are created from a standard size sheet of paper. ...
- Fair Em, the Miller's Daughter of Manchester was published in 1591. Another candidate for its authorship is Robert Wilson.
- Mucedorus was an incredibly popular play; it was first printed in 1598 and went through several editions despite the text's manifestly corrupt nature. As it is a King's Men play, Shakespeare may have had a minor role in its creation or revision, but its true author remains a mystery; Robert Greene is sometimes suggested.
- The Merry Devil of Edmonton was first published in 1608. As it is a King's Men play, Shakespeare may have had a minor role in its creation, but the play's style bears no resemblance to Shakespeare.
Fair Em, the Millers Daughter of Manchester, is an Elizabethan comedy written ca. ...
Robert Wilson (fl. ...
Mucedorus is a play at one time claimed to be one of Shakespeares. ...
It has been suggested that Lord Chamberlains Men be merged into this article or section. ...
Robert Greene Robert Greene, BA, MA, (1558 â September 3, 1592) was an English playwright, poet, pamphleteer, and prose writer. ...
The Merry Devil of Edmonton is an Elizabethan comedy about a magician, Peter Fabel, nicknamed the Merry Devil. ...
Events March 18 - Sissinios formally crowned Emperor of Ethiopia May 14 - Protestant Union founded in Auhausen. ...
It has been suggested that Lord Chamberlains Men be merged into this article or section. ...
Plays attributed to Shakespeare after the 17th century A number of anonymous plays have been attributed to Shakespeare by more recent readers and scholars. All of these claims need to be looked at sceptically: it is every Shakespeare lover's dream to discover a lost masterpiece, and many of the claims are supported only by debatable ideas about what constitutes 'Shakespeare's style'. Nonetheless, some of the claims are compelling and have been cautiously accepted by mainstream scholarship. - Arden of Faversham is an anonymous play printed in 1592 that has occasionally been claimed for Shakespeare. The attribution is not supported by mainstream scholarship, its style and subject matter being very different from Shakespeare's other plays. Thomas Kyd is often considered to be the author but still other writers have been proposed.
- Edmund Ironside is an anonymous manuscript play. Eric Sams has argued that it was written by Shakespeare, but has convinced few, if any, Shakespearean scholars.
- Sir Thomas More survives only in manuscript. It is a play that was written in the 1590s and then revised, possibly as many as ten years later. The play is included in the Second Edition of the Complete Oxford Shakespeare (2005), which attributes the original play to Anthony Munday and Henry Chettle, with later revisions and additions by Thomas Dekker, Shakespeare and Thomas Heywood. A few pages are written by an author ('Hand D') whom many believe to be Shakespeare, as the handwriting and spellings, as well as the style, seem a good match. The attribution is not accepted by everyone, however, especially since six signatures on legal documents are the only authentic examples of Shakespeare's handwriting.
This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...
Thomas Kyd (1558 - 1594) was an English dramatist, the author of The Spanish Tragedy, and one of the most important figures in the development of Elizabethan drama. ...
Edmund Ironside is an anonymous Elizabethan play that depicts the life of Edmund II of England; however, at least two critics have suggested it is an early work by Shakespeare. ...
Eric Sams (1926âSept. ...
Playtext from the 2005 Royal Shakespeare Company production. ...
Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...
Anthony Munday (or Monday) (1560?âAugust 10, 1633), was an English dramatist and miscellaneous writer. ...
Henry Chettle (1564?-1607?) was an English dramatist and miscellaneous writer of the Elizabethan era. ...
Thomas Dekker, (c. ...
Thomas Heywood (died approx. ...
Lost plays - Love's Labour's Won. A late sixteenth-century writer, Francis Meres, and a scrap of paper (apparently from a bookseller), both list this title among Shakespeare's recent works, but no play of this title has survived. It may have become lost, or it may represent an alternate title of an existing play, such as Much Ado About Nothing, All's Well That Ends Well, or The Taming of the Shrew.
- Cardenio. This late play by Shakespeare and Fletcher, referred to in several documents, has not survived. It was an adaptation of a tale in Cervantes' Don Quixote. In 1727, Lewis Theobald produced a play he called Double Falshood [sic], which he claimed to have adapted from three manuscripts of a lost play by Shakespeare that he did not name. Counter to that, a professional handwriting expert, Charles Hamilton, has claimed in a recent book that The Second Maiden's Tragedy play is actually Shakespeare's manuscript of the lost play Cardenio. On the rare occasions when The Second Maiden's Tragedy has been revived on the stage, it is sometimes performed under the title Cardenio, as in the 2002 production directed by James Kerwin at the 2100 Square Feet Theater in Los Angeles, as well as a production at the Burton Taylor Theatre in 2004.
- The lost play called the Ur-Hamlet is believed by a few scholars to be an early work by Shakespeare himself. The theory was first postulated by the academic Peter Alexander and is supported by Harold Bloom and Peter Ackroyd, although mainstream Shakespearean scholarship believes it to have been by Thomas Kyd. Bloom's hypothesis is that this early version of Hamlet was one of Shakespeare's first plays, that the theme of the Prince of Denmark was one to which he returned constantly throughout his career and that he continued to revise it even after the canonical Hamlet of 1601.
Loves Labours Won, alternatively written Loves labours wonne, is the name of a play written by William Shakespeare before 1598. ...
Francis Meres (1565 - January 29, 1647), was an English churchman and author. ...
Title page of the first quarto (1600) Much Ado About Nothing is a comedy by William Shakespeare. ...
Alls Well That Ends Well is a comedy by William Shakespeare, and is often considered one of his problem plays, so-called because they cannot be easily classified as tragedy or comedy. ...
Taming of the Shrew by Augustus Egg The Taming of the Shrew is a comedy by William Shakespeare. ...
Publicity poster for the 2002 Los Angeles production of The Second Maidens Tragedy as The History of Cardenio is a lost play, known to have been performed by the Kings Men, a London theatre company, in 1613. ...
John Fletcher (1579-1625) was a Jacobean playwright. ...
Cervantes can refer to: Miguel de Cervantes, author of Don Quixote Francisco Cervantes de Salazar, 16th-century man of letters Cervantes, Ilocos Sur, a municipality in the Philippines Cervantes, a town in Western Australia Cervantes de Leon, a character in the Soul Calibur series of fighting games This is a...
(IPA: , but see spelling and pronunciation below), fully titled (The Ingenious Hidalgo Don Quixote of La Mancha) is an early novel written by Spanish author Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra. ...
Lewis Theobald (1688 - 1744), British textual editor and author, was a landmark figure both in the history of Shakespearean editing and in literary satire. ...
Double Falshood (sometimes erroneously listed as The Double Falshood) is a play by Lewis Theobald, first produced on December 13, 1727 at the Drury Lane Theatre and published in 1728, which he claimed to have based on three manuscripts dating from the time of the English Restoration of an unnamed...
The Second Maidens Tragedy is a Jacobean play that survives only in manuscript. ...
William Shakespeare (National Portrait Gallery), in the famous Chandos portrait, artist and authenticity unconfirmed. ...
Publicity poster for the 2002 Los Angeles production of The Second Maidens Tragedy as The History of Cardenio is a lost play, known to have been performed by the Kings Men, a London theatre company, in 1613. ...
The Second Maidens Tragedy is a Jacobean play that survives only in manuscript. ...
Publicity poster for the 2002 Los Angeles production of The Second Maidens Tragedy as The History of Cardenio is a lost play, known to have been performed by the Kings Men, a London theatre company, in 1613. ...
James Kerwin (born October 13, 1973 in St. ...
Flag Seal Nickname: City of Angels Location Location within Los Angeles County in the state of California Coordinates , Government State County California Los Angeles County Mayor Antonio Villaraigosa (D) Geographical characteristics Area City 1,290. ...
The Burton Taylor Theatre (The BT) is a 50-seater studio theatre situated on Gloucester Street in Oxford, United Kingdom near its parent organisation The Oxford Playhouse. ...
Ur-Hamlet was the name given by nineteenth century German scholars to a pre-Shakespearean Hamlet written before 1589. ...
Peter Alexander Peter Alexander (born Peter Alexander Ferdinand Maximilian Neumayer June 30, 1926 in Vienna, Austria), is an Austrian singer and actor, who became popular in the 1950s and 60s with his numerous roles in German musical films. ...
This article does not cite any references or sources. ...
Peter Ackroyd (born October 5, 1949, London) is an English author. ...
Thomas Kyd (1558 - 1594) was an English dramatist, the author of The Spanish Tragedy, and one of the most important figures in the development of Elizabethan drama. ...
Hamlet and Horatio in the cemetery by Eugène Delacroix For other uses, see Hamlet (disambiguation). ...
Hoaxes The dream of discovering a new Shakespeare play has also resulted in the creation of at least one hoax. A hoax is an attempt to trick an audience into believing that something false is real. ...
- Vortigern and Rowena is a famous theatrical hoax perpetrated by William Henry Ireland, a notorious forger of Shakespearean manuscripts. Ireland claimed to have found a lost play of Shakespeare entitled Vortigern and Rowena, which was initially accepted by the literary community — albeit not on sight — as genuine. The play was eventually presented at Drury Lane on 2 April 1796, to immediate ridicule.
Vortigern and Rowena, or Vortigern, an Historical Play is a play that was touted as a newly discovered work by William Shakespeare when it first appeared in 1796. ...
William Henry Ireland (1777-1835) was a forger of would-be Shakespearean documents and plays. ...
Currently home to Lord Of The Rings, the musical. ...
is the 92nd day of the year (93rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 1796 (MDCCXCVI) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Monday of the 11-day slower Julian calendar). ...
An apocryphal poem: A Funeral Elegy Using stylometric computer analysis, scholar and forensic linguist Donald Foster attributed A Funeral Elegy for Master William Peter [1], previously ascribed only to "W.S.", to William Shakespeare, based on an analysis of its grammatical patterns and idiosyncratic word usage. The attribution received tremendous press attention from the New York Times and other newspapers. Stylometry is the application of the study of linguistic style, usually to written language. ...
Linguistics is the scientific study of language, which can be theoretical or applied. ...
Donald W. Foster, born 1950, is a professor of English at Vassar College in New York. ...
The New York Times is an internationally known daily newspaper published in New York City and distributed in the United States and many other nations worldwide. ...
However, a later analysis by scholar Gilles Monsarrat showed Foster's attribution to be premature, and that the true author may well have been John Ford. Foster conceded to Monsarrat in an e-mail message to the SHAKSPER e-mail list in 2002 [2]. John Ford (baptized April 17, 1586 - c. ...
References - C.F. Tucker-Brooke, ed. The Shakespeare Apocrypha. Oxford University Press, 1908.
- Stanley Wells, Gary Taylor, John Jowett and William Montgomery. William Shakespeare: A Textual Companion. Oxford University Press, 1986.
Notes - ^ Dominick, Mark. Shakespeare and the Birth of Merlin New York: Philosophical Library, 1991, 7
- ^ Tyrell, Henry. Doubtful Plays. London: Tallis, 1853, 411
- ^ Tucker Brooke,C.F. The Shakespeare Apocrypha. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1918, xlvi
- ^ Tucker Brooke, xxx
- ^ Warren, Roger, ed. Pericles. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003, 59
- ^ Hoeniger, F. D. "Review of Studies in the Shakespeare Apocrypha." Shakespeare Quarterly 8 (1957), 236
- ^ Chambers, E. K.. Shakespeare: A Survey of Facts and Problems. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1930, 1.536.
- ^ W. W. Greg, A List of Masques, Pageants, &c. Supplementary to "A List of English Plays", Appendix II, lxiv (1902)
Sir Edmund Kerchever Chambers (1866â1954) was an English literary critic and Shakespearean scholar. ...
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