Shangdang (上党) campaign was a series battles fought between the communist force under the leadership of Liu Bocheng and the nationalist Yan Xishan’s Kuomintang force from September 10, 1945 thru October 12, 1945. The outcome temporarily changed the result of the peace negotiation held in Chongqing between Chiang Kai-shek and Mao Zedong. This article is about communism as a form of society and as a political movement. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Yen Hsi-shan (閻錫山; pinyin: Yán Xíshān) (1883 - 1960) was a Chinese politician who served in the Republic of China government. ... September 10 is the 253rd day of the year (254th in leap years). ... 1945 (MCMVL) was a common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1945 calendar). ... October 12 is the 285th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (286th in leap years). ... 1945 (MCMVL) was a common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1945 calendar). ... Chongqing (Simplified Chinese: , Traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: Chóngqìng; Postal System Pinyin: Chungking) is the largest and most populous of the Peoples Republic of Chinas four provincial-level municipalities, and the only one in the less densely populated western half of China. ... Chiang Kai-shek (October 31, 1887 – April 5, 1975) was a Chinese military and political leader who assumed the leadership of the Kuomintang (KMT) after the 1925 death of Sun Yat-sen. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...

Prelude

After the end of World War II, the conflict between the communist and Kuomintang intensified and surfaced. Under the direction of Chiang Kai-shek, the commander-in-chief of the second war zone Yan Xishan ordered the commander of the 19th Army Shi Zebo (史泽波) to lead the 19th Army, part of the 61st Army and other units totaled more than 17,000 to invade the communist base in the Shangdang (上党) region of southeastern Shanxi in the mid August, 1945. Three nationalist divisions were stationed in the largest city of the region, Changzhi, while the rest stationed in the following cities/towns: Xiangyuan (襄垣), Changzi (长子), Tunliu (屯留), Lucheng, Huguang (壶关) and other counties, and from these newly established bases, the nationalists planned to take the entire southeastern Shanxi region from the communists. The communists were not to let that happen and mobilized 31,000 troops from the Taihang (太行), Taiyue (太岳), and Southern Hebei (冀南) military districts to prepare for the upcoming battles. The communist commander Liu Bocheng was helped by his political commissar Deng Xiaoping, who was great in political motivation. Many communist troops worried about the safety of Mao Zedong, who was in Chongqing negotiating a peace treaty with Chiang Kai-shek. Deng Xiaoping told his soldiers that the greater the victory for the upcoming battle, the safer Mao Zedong would be, and the strong the position communists would have gained on the negotiation table. Deng’s bet was correct. In addition to political motivations, the communists also mobilized an additional 50,000 militia to help the logistics and to fill the vacancies left behind by the regular troops who went off fighting. Combatants Major Allied powers: United Kingdom Soviet Union United States Republic of China and others Major Axis powers: Nazi Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Harry Truman Chiang Kai-Shek Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tojo Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead... This article is about communism as a form of society and as a political movement. ... The Chinese Nationalist Party (Traditional Chinese: 中國國民黨; Simplified Chinese: 中国国民党; Hanyu Pinyin: ; Tongyong Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Chung-kuo Kuo-min-tang), commonly known as the Kuomintang (KMT), is a centre-right political party in the Republic of China on Taiwan, and is currently the largest political party in terms of sitting Legislative... Chiang Kai-shek (October 31, 1887 – April 5, 1975) was a Chinese military and political leader who assumed the leadership of the Kuomintang (KMT) after the 1925 death of Sun Yat-sen. ... Yen Hsi-shan (閻錫山; pinyin: Yán Xíshān) (1883 - 1960) was a Chinese politician who served in the Republic of China government. ... This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... Shanxi (Chinese: 山西; Hanyu Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Shan-hsi; Postal System Pinyin: Shansi) is a province in the northern part of the Peoples Republic of China. ... Changzhi County (长治县) is a county in the prefecture of Changzhi (长治市) in the province of Shanxi of the Peoples Republic of China. ... Lucheng (潞城, pinyin: Lùchéng) is a county-level city in southern Shanxi province of the Peoples Republic of China. ... Hebei (Chinese: 河北; pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Ho-pei; Postal System Pinyin: Hopeh) is a northern province of the Peoples Republic of China. ... This article is about communism as a form of society and as a political movement. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Commissar is the English translation of an official title (комисса́р) used in Russia after the Bolshevik revolution and in the Soviet Union, as well as some other Communist countries. ... Deng Xiaoping with US President Jimmy Carter Deng Xiaoping   (Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: Dèng XiÇŽopíng; Wade-Giles: Teng Hsiao-ping; August 22, 1904–February 19, 1997) was a leader in the Communist Party of China (CCP). ... This article is about communism as a form of society and as a political movement. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Chongqing (Simplified Chinese: , Traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: Chóngqìng; Postal System Pinyin: Chungking) is the largest and most populous of the Peoples Republic of Chinas four provincial-level municipalities, and the only one in the less densely populated western half of China. ... Chiang Kai-shek (October 31, 1887 – April 5, 1975) was a Chinese military and political leader who assumed the leadership of the Kuomintang (KMT) after the 1925 death of Sun Yat-sen. ... Deng Xiaoping with US President Jimmy Carter Deng Xiaoping   (Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: Dèng XiÇŽopíng; Wade-Giles: Teng Hsiao-ping; August 22, 1904–February 19, 1997) was a leader in the Communist Party of China (CCP). ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... This article is about communism as a form of society and as a political movement. ... This article is about communism as a form of society and as a political movement. ... The examples and perspective in this article or section may not represent a worldwide view. ...

First Stage

The campaign officially started on September 10, 1945 when the first shot of the first battle was fired. The communist Taihang (太行) column first attacked Tunliu (屯留), while Taiyue (太岳) and Southern Hebei (冀南) columns prepared for an ambush. One next day, more than 6,000 nationalist troops from Changzhi, but the nationalist commander was extremely careful and once the contact with the communist force was made, the nationalist force immediately withdrew back to Changzhi. Although the communist ambush failed, but they did achieve in taking Tunliu (屯留) on September 12, 1945. On September 13, 1945, the communist played the same trick again, with the Taihang (太行) column attacking Changzi (长子), while Taiyue (太岳) and Southern Hebei (冀南) columns prepared for another ambush. However, the nationalist commander Shi Zebo (史泽波) would not fall for the communists’ trick and did not sent out anymore reinforcement from Changzhi. Realizing that their original plan would not work out, Liu Bocheng and Deng Xiaoping promptly changed their strategy from decimating the nationalist force to retake the lost regions, and consequently took the Xiangyuan (襄垣), Changzi (长子), Tunliu (屯留), Lucheng, Huguang (壶关) and other counties by September 19, 1945, annihilating more than 7,000 nationalist troops in the process. The next day, communist force attacked garrisons outside Changzhi city from the south, east and west. The communists planned to let the nationalists escape to the north and ambush them on the way. Again, the communist plan failed to materialize when nationalist commander Shi Zebo (史泽波) at Changzhi would not fall for the communists’ trick and decided to hold out. When the attack on the city started on September 24, 1945, the communists failed to take the city due to the technical superiority of the nationalist defenders, and a stalemate was reached. September 10 is the 253rd day of the year (254th in leap years). ... 1945 (MCMVL) was a common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1945 calendar). ... This article is about communism as a form of society and as a political movement. ... Hebei (Chinese: 河北; pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Ho-pei; Postal System Pinyin: Hopeh) is a northern province of the Peoples Republic of China. ... A military column is a formation of soldiers, marching together single file, one behind another. ... Changzhi County (长治县) is a county in the prefecture of Changzhi (长治市) in the province of Shanxi of the Peoples Republic of China. ... This article is about communism as a form of society and as a political movement. ... Changzhi County (长治县) is a county in the prefecture of Changzhi (长治市) in the province of Shanxi of the Peoples Republic of China. ... This article is about communism as a form of society and as a political movement. ... Portal:Currentevents September 12 is the 255th day of the year (256th in leap years). ... 1945 (MCMVL) was a common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1945 calendar). ... September 13 is the 256th day of the year (257th in leap years). ... 1945 (MCMVL) was a common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1945 calendar). ... This article is about communism as a form of society and as a political movement. ... A military column is a formation of soldiers, marching together single file, one behind another. ... Hebei (Chinese: 河北; pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Ho-pei; Postal System Pinyin: Hopeh) is a northern province of the Peoples Republic of China. ... A military column is a formation of soldiers, marching together single file, one behind another. ... This article is about communism as a form of society and as a political movement. ... Changzhi County (长治县) is a county in the prefecture of Changzhi (长治市) in the province of Shanxi of the Peoples Republic of China. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Deng Xiaoping with US President Jimmy Carter Deng Xiaoping   (Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: Dèng XiÇŽopíng; Wade-Giles: Teng Hsiao-ping; August 22, 1904–February 19, 1997) was a leader in the Communist Party of China (CCP). ... Lucheng (潞城, pinyin: Lùchéng) is a county-level city in southern Shanxi province of the Peoples Republic of China. ... September 19 is the 262nd day of the year (263rd in leap years). ... 1945 (MCMVL) was a common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1945 calendar). ... This article is about communism as a form of society and as a political movement. ... Changzhi County (长治县) is a county in the prefecture of Changzhi (长治市) in the province of Shanxi of the Peoples Republic of China. ... This article is about communism as a form of society and as a political movement. ... This article is about communism as a form of society and as a political movement. ... Changzhi County (长治县) is a county in the prefecture of Changzhi (长治市) in the province of Shanxi of the Peoples Republic of China. ... This article is about communism as a form of society and as a political movement. ... September 24 is the 267th day of the year (268th in leap years). ... 1945 (MCMVL) was a common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1945 calendar). ... This article is about communism as a form of society and as a political movement. ...

Second Stage

After Yan Xishan learned the emergency his commander Shi Zebo (史泽波) at Changzhi had, he sent out reinforcement lead by the deputy commander-in-chief of the 2nd Army Group, Peng Yubin (彭毓斌), who lead the 23rd Army, the 83rd Army and other divisions totaled more than 20,000. Learning the news on September 28, 1945, the communists planned for an ambush at in the area between Tunliu (屯留) and Xianghuan (襄垣) by leaving the Southern [[Hebei] Column and local militia attacking Changzhi, while redeploying Taihang (太行) and Taiyue (太岳) columns to the north. On October 2, 1945, the nationalist reinforcement clashed with the waiting communist force at a region northwest of Tunliu (屯留) called the Ditch of the Wang’s Family (王家渠). After the initial battle, the nationalist reinforcement was besieged at regions along Old Master’s Ridge (老爷岭), Nether Millstone Brain (磨盘脑), and Elm Grove (榆林) line. However, when the nationalists were suppressed into small regions, it turned out to be an advantage for them because communications became much more efficient due to shorter distance, and the nationalists were able to concentrate their superior firepower and utilize their technical superiority to the maximum by inflicting heavy casualties on the attacking communist force. The communists were force to redeploy the Southern Hebei Column for reinforcement, leaving only the local militia attacking Changzhi. The communists also changed their tactic by attacking from 3 sides, leaving the north side open so that the enemy would escape to the north and be ambushed on the way. The tactic worked and on October 5, 1945, Peng Yubin (彭毓斌) escaped to the north exactly as the communists had hoped, and his force was soon decimated, and Peng Yubin (彭毓斌) himself was killed at Siting (虒亭) by the waiting communist Taiyue (太岳) column. Yen Hsi-shan (閻錫山; pinyin: Yán Xíshān) (1883 - 1960) was a Chinese politician who served in the Republic of China government. ... Changzhi County (长治县) is a county in the prefecture of Changzhi (长治市) in the province of Shanxi of the Peoples Republic of China. ... An army group is a military organization (formation) consisting of several armies, and is supposed to be self-sufficient for indefinite periods. ... This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... September 28 is the 271st day of the year (272nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1945 (MCMVL) was a common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1945 calendar). ... This article is about communism as a form of society and as a political movement. ... A military column is a formation of soldiers, marching together single file, one behind another. ... The examples and perspective in this article or section may not represent a worldwide view. ... Changzhi County (长治县) is a county in the prefecture of Changzhi (长治市) in the province of Shanxi of the Peoples Republic of China. ... A military column is a formation of soldiers, marching together single file, one behind another. ... October 2 is the 275th day (276th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 90 days remaining. ... 1945 (MCMVL) was a common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1945 calendar). ... This article is about communism as a form of society and as a political movement. ... This article is about communism as a form of society and as a political movement. ... This article is about communism as a form of society and as a political movement. ... Hebei (Chinese: 河北; pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Ho-pei; Postal System Pinyin: Hopeh) is a northern province of the Peoples Republic of China. ... A military column is a formation of soldiers, marching together single file, one behind another. ... The examples and perspective in this article or section may not represent a worldwide view. ... Changzhi County (长治县) is a county in the prefecture of Changzhi (长治市) in the province of Shanxi of the Peoples Republic of China. ... This article is about communism as a form of society and as a political movement. ... October 5 is the 278th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (279th in Leap years). ... 1945 (MCMVL) was a common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1945 calendar). ... This article is about communism as a form of society and as a political movement. ... This article is about communism as a form of society and as a political movement. ... A military column is a formation of soldiers, marching together single file, one behind another. ...

Third Phase

Learning his reinforcement was decimated, the nationalist commander Shi Zebo (史泽波) at Changzhi planned to breakout to west on October 8, 1945 under the the cover of darkness, hoping to reach Linfen. Liu Bocheng and Deng Xiaoping immediately ordered Taiyue (太岳) column to move to Horse Wall (马壁) from Siting (虒亭) to intercept the fleeing enemy. On October 12, 1945, the communist force caught up with the fleeing nationalist force at General’s Ridge (将军岭) and Peach River (桃川) regions, decimating the demoralized enemy, capturing the nationalist commander Shi Zebo (史泽波) alive. Changzhi County (长治县) is a county in the prefecture of Changzhi (长治市) in the province of Shanxi of the Peoples Republic of China. ... October 8 is the 281st day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (282nd in leap years). ... 1945 (MCMVL) was a common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1945 calendar). ... Linfen (临汾) (Pingyang, Jin) is a prefecture-level city in the Prefecture of Linfen ( 临汾市) in the province of Shanxi of the Peoples Republic of China. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Deng Xiaoping with US President Jimmy Carter Deng Xiaoping   (Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: Dèng XiÇŽopíng; Wade-Giles: Teng Hsiao-ping; August 22, 1904–February 19, 1997) was a leader in the Communist Party of China (CCP). ... A military column is a formation of soldiers, marching together single file, one behind another. ... October 12 is the 285th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (286th in leap years). ... 1945 (MCMVL) was a common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1945 calendar). ... This article is about communism as a form of society and as a political movement. ...

Conclusion

The Shangdang (上党) Campaign cost the Kuomintang 13 divisions totaled more than 35,000 troops, with more than 31,000 out of the 35,000 being captured alive by the communists, including the commander, while the communists suffered more than 4,000 casualties. In addition to decimating the numerically and technically superior nationalist force with relatively light casualties, the communist force also obtained an important supply of weapons its force desperately needed by capturing 24 mountain guns, more than 2,000 machine guns, and more than 16,000 rifles, submachine guns, and handguns from its enemy. The campaign had an additional importance to the communists in that it was the first campaign in which the communist force engaged in the regular mobile warfare and succeeded, marking the transition from the guerrilla warfare commonly practiced by the communists. The Chinese Nationalist Party (Traditional Chinese: 中國國民黨; Simplified Chinese: 中国国民党; Hanyu Pinyin: ; Tongyong Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Chung-kuo Kuo-min-tang), commonly known as the Kuomintang (KMT), is a centre-right political party in the Republic of China on Taiwan, and is currently the largest political party in terms of sitting Legislative... Symbol of the Polish 1st Legions Infantry Division in NATO code A division is a large military unit or formation usually consisting of around ten to fifteen thousand soldiers. ... This article is about communism as a form of society and as a political movement. ... This article is about communism as a form of society and as a political movement. ... This article is about communism as a form of society and as a political movement. ... Mountain guns are artillery pieces designed for use during mountain combat. ... A machine gun is a fully-automatic firearm that is capable of firing bullets in rapid succession. ... A rifle is a firearm with a stock and a barrel that has a spiral groove or grooves (rifling) cut into its interior. ... An MP5A4 (fixed stock and 3-round burst trigger group), a popular modern submachine gun A submachine gun is a firearm that combines the automatic fire of a machine gun with the cartridge of a pistol, and is usually between the two in weight and size. ... A handgun is a firearm small enough to be carried and used in one hand. ... This article is about communism as a form of society and as a political movement. ... This article is about communism as a form of society and as a political movement. ... The US M1A1 Abrams tank is a typical modern main battle tank. ... Look up guerrilla in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

On the political front, the campaign was a great boost for the communist on the negotiation table at the peace talk in Chongqing just like other communist victories on the battlefield, and Kuomintang suffered accordingly, losing its bargaining chips and losing face in the Chinese public, which strongly urged the Kuomintang to produce results for the peace talk. This article is about communism as a form of society and as a political movement. ... Chongqing (Simplified Chinese: , Traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: Chóngqìng; Postal System Pinyin: Chungking) is the largest and most populous of the Peoples Republic of Chinas four provincial-level municipalities, and the only one in the less densely populated western half of China. ... This article is about communism as a form of society and as a political movement. ... The Chinese Nationalist Party (Traditional Chinese: 中國國民黨; Simplified Chinese: 中国国民党; Hanyu Pinyin: ; Tongyong Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Chung-kuo Kuo-min-tang), commonly known as the Kuomintang (KMT), is a centre-right political party in the Republic of China on Taiwan, and is currently the largest political party in terms of sitting Legislative... The Chinese Nationalist Party (Traditional Chinese: 中國國民黨; Simplified Chinese: 中国国民党; Hanyu Pinyin: ; Tongyong Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Chung-kuo Kuo-min-tang), commonly known as the Kuomintang (KMT), is a centre-right political party in the Republic of China on Taiwan, and is currently the largest political party in terms of sitting Legislative...