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SHAPUR I. 241-272), son of Ardashir I. The Persian legend which makes him the son of an Arsacid princess is not historical.
Shapur advanced into Asia Minor, but was beaten by Ballista; and now Odaenathus (Odainath), prince of Palmyra, rose in his rear, defeated the Persian army, reconquered Carrhae and Nisibis, captured the royal harem, and twice invested Ctesiphon (263-265).
Shapur had conducted great hosts of captives from the Roman territory into his dominions, most of whom were settled in Susiana.
In the valley of Istakhr (near Persepolis), under the tombs of the Achaemenids at Nakshi Rustam, Shapur is represented on horseback, in the royal armour, with the crown on his head; before him kneels Valerian, in Roman dress, asking for grace.
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