King Hussien , Founder of Kingdom of Hejaz

King Abdulaziz Ibn Saud , founder of Saudi Arabia

The Sharif of Mecca (Arabic:شريف مكة) or Sharif of Hejaz (Arabic:شريف الحجاز) was the title of the former governors of Hejaz and a traditional steward of the holy cities of Mecca and Medina. The term Sharif means noble in Arabic, and indicates descent from Muhammad through his grandson al-Hassan ibn Ali. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links Azizfdr. ... Image File history File links Azizfdr. ... Arabic redirects here. ... Arabic redirects here. ... Map with the region outlined in red and the 1923 Kingdom in green “Hedjaz” redirects here. ... This article is about the city in Saudi Arabia. ... This article is about the city in Saudi Arabia. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Sayyid. ... Arabic redirects here. ... Muhammad in a new genre of Islamic calligraphy started in the 17th century by Hafiz Osman. ... Hasan ibn Ali ibn Abi Talib ()‎ (Fifteenth of Ramadan, 3 AH – Twenty-eighth of Safar, 50 AH) [6] was the grandson of Muhammad, and was the son of Ali ibn Abi Talib (fourth Sunni Caliph and first Shia Imam) and Fatima Zahra (a daughter of Muhammad). ...

The sharif was charged with protecting the cities and their environs and ensuring the safety of pilgrims performing the Hajj. The title is sometimes spelled Sheriff or Sherif, with the latter variant used, for example, by T.E. Lawrence in Seven Pillars of Wisdom. The common-law political and legal office of sheriff found in some anglophone countries is unrelated. A supplicating pilgrim at Masjid Al Haram, the mosque which was built around the Kaaba (the cubical building at center). ... Thomas Edward Lawrence (August 16, 1888 – May 19, 1935), also known as Lawrence of Arabia, and (apparently, among his Arab allies) Aurens or El Aurens, became famous for his role as a British liaison officer during the Arab Revolt of 1916–1918. ... Tooling on the cover of the first public printing, showing twin scimitars and the legend: the sword also means clean-ness + death Seven Pillars of Wisdom: A Triumph is the autobiographical account of the experiences of T. E. Lawrence (Lawrence of Arabia) while serving as a liaison officer with rebel... This article concerns the common-law legal system, as contrasted with the civil law legal system; for other meanings of the term, within the field of law, see common law (disambiguation). ... Look up Sheriff in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

The office of the Sharifate of Mecca dates back to the late Abbasid era. Since 1201, the Sharifate was held by a member of the Hawashim clan, not to be confused with the larger clan of Banu Hashim to which all Sharifs claim descent. Descendants of this family continued to hold the position until the Twentieth Century on behalf of various Muslim powers including the Ayyubids and the Mamelukes. In 1517, the Sharif acknowledged the supremacy of the Ottoman Caliph, but maintained a great degree of local autonomy. During the Ottoman era, the Sharifate expanded its authority northwards to include Medina, and southwards to the frontiers of 'Asir, and regularly raided Nejd. Mashriq Dynasties  Maghrib Dynasties  The Abbasid Caliphate Abbasid (Arabic: , ) is the dynastic name generally given to the caliph of Baghdad, the second of the two great Sunni dynasties of the Arab Empire, that overthrew the Umayyad caliphs from all but Spain. ... // The town of Riga was chartered as a city. ... BanÅ« Hāshim (Arabic: بنو هاشم) was a clan in the Quraish tribe. ... The Ayyubid Dynasty was a Muslim dynasty of Egypt, Iraq in the 12th and 13th centuries. ... An Ottoman Mamluk, from 1810 Mamluks (or Mameluks) (the Arabic word usually translates as owned, singular: مملوك plural: مماليك) comprised slave soldiers used by the Muslim Caliphs and the Ottoman Empire, and who on more than one occasion seized power for... Year 1517 was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. ... Ottoman redirects here. ... For main article see: Caliphate The Caliph (pronounced khaleef in Arabic) is the head of state in a Caliphate, and the title for the leader of the Islamic Ummah, an Islamic community ruled by the Sharia. ... This article is about the city in Saudi Arabia. ... Asir(persian language)is a district in south of i. ... Najd (Nejd) is a region in central Saudi Arabia and the location of the nations capital, Riyadh. ...

The Sharifate came to an end shortly after the reign of Hussein bin Ali, who rebelled against the Ottoman rule during the Arab Revolt of 1916. After the defeat of the Ottoman Empire in 1918 and its subsequent dissolution in 1923, Hussein declared himself Caliph. The British granted control over the newly formed states of Iraq and Transjordan to his sons Faisal and Abdullah. In 1924, however, in the face of increasing attacks by Ibn Saud, Hussein abdicated his secular titles to his eldest son, Ali bin Hussein, who was to become the last Grand Sharif. At the end of 1924, the Ibn Saud conquered the Hejaz and expelled the Hashemites. The House of Saud has since exercised ^[1]stewardship over the holy cities and the Hajj. Hussein bin Ali (1852-1931) (حسین بن علی; Ḥusayn bin ‘Alī) was the Sharif of Mecca, and Emir of Mecca from 1908 until 1917, when he proclaimed himself king of Hejaz, which received international recognition. ... Combatants Hashemite Arabs Great Britain Ottoman Empire Commanders Faisal T.E. Lawrence Ahmed Djemal Strength 5,000 (?) 25,000 (?) This article is about the Arab Revolt of 1916. ... Year 1916 (MCMXVI) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Friday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... 1918 (MCMXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ... Year 1923 (MCMXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... For main article see: Caliphate The Caliph (pronounced khaleef in Arabic) is the head of state in a Caliphate, and the title for the leader of the Islamic Ummah, an Islamic community ruled by the Sharia. ... Map of the territory of the British Mandate of Palestine The Emirate of Transjordan was an autonomous political division of the British Mandate of Palestine, created as an administrative entity in April 1921 before the Mandate came into effect. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Abdullah I of Jordan King Abdullah I of Jordan (1882 – July 20, 1951) (Arabic: عبد الله الأول), also known as Abdullah bin Husayn (Arabic: عبد الله بن حسين), was, successively, Emir of Trans-Jordan (1921–1946) under a British Mandate, then King of Transjordan (May 25, 1946–1949), and finally King of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan... For the rap album, see 1924 (album). ... `Abd al-`Azīz as-Sa`ūd ( 1880 - November 9, 1953) (Arabic:عبدالعزيز آل سعود) was the first monarch of Saudi Arabia. ... Ali bin Hussein (1879–1935) was King of Hejaz and Grand Sharif of Mecca from October 1924 until December 1925. ... For the rap album, see 1924 (album). ... Map with the region outlined in red and the 1923 Kingdom in green “Hedjaz” redirects here. ... The House of Saud ( transliteration: ) is the royal family of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. ... A supplicating pilgrim at Masjid Al Haram, the mosque which was built around the Kaaba (the cubical building at center). ...

List of Sharifs of Mecca

Prophet Muhammad's and Caliph Abu Bakr's Period

• Attab Bin Usaid Al-Umawi (Appointed at age 20 with a salary of 1 dirham a day)

Caliph Umar Bin Khattab's Period

• Muhriz Bin Harithah
• Funquth Bin Judaan Al-Tamimi
• Nafi Al Khuzai (Governor and Judge)
• Khaled Al Makhzoumi (Governor and Judge)

Caliph Uthman Bin Affan's Period

• Abdullah Bin Aamar al-Hadhrami

Caliph Ali Bin Abi Talib's Period

• Abdullah Bin Aamar al-Hadhrami (Rebelled against the Caliph)
• Qathm Bin Al-Abbas (Appointed him over Mecca, Medina and Taif)

Caliph Muawiya Bin Abi Sufyan's Period

• Amr bin Saeed bin al Aas

Caliph Al-Walid Bin Abdul Malik's Period

• Khaled Al-Qusari

Caliph Sulaiman Bin Abdul Malik and Caliph Umar Bin Abdul Aziz's Period

• Abdul Aziz Bin Abdullah Bin Usaid Al-Umawi

Pre-Ayyubid Dynasty

• Muhammed Abu-Jafar Al-Thalab (The fox) (967 - 980)
• Sharif Essa (980 - 994)
• Sharif Abu Al-Futooh (994 - 1039)
• Sharif Shukrul-Din (1039 - 1061)
• Abul-Hashim ibn Muhammed (1061 - 1094)
• Ibn Abul-Hashim Al-Thalab (1094 - 1201)

During Ayyubid Empire (1174) - (1254)

• Ibn Abul-Hashim Al-Thalab (1094 - 1201)
• Qatada Abul-Aziz (1201 - 1220)
• Ibn Qatada Al-Hashimi (1220 - 1241)
• Al-Hassan abul-Saad (1241 - 1254)

During Mamluk Empire (1254) - (1517)

Flag of Mamluk Hejaz

• Muhammed abul-Nubaj (1254 - 1301) First Mamluk Sharif after the fall of Ayyubid Empire
• Rumaitha Abul-Rada (1301 - 1346)
• Aljan Abul-Sarjah (1346 - 1375)
• Al-Hassan II (1394 - 1425)
• Barakat I (1425 - 1455)
• Malik ul-Adil ibn Muhammed ibn Barakat (1455 - 1497)
• Barakat II bin Muhammed (Barakat Efendi) (1497 - 1525) , Built the first Walls of Jeddah by order of Al-Ashraf Qansuh al-Ghawri

Image File history File links Mameluke_Flag. ... Image File history File links Mameluke_Flag. ... Mamluk Flag Eastern Mediterranean 1450 Capital Cairo Language(s) Arabic, Kipchak Turkic[1] Religion Islam Government Monarchy [[Category:Former monarchies}}|Mamluk Sultanate, 1250]] History  - As-Salih Ayyubs death 1250  - Battle of Ridanieh 1517 Today part of  Egypt  Saudi Arabia  Syria  Palestine  Israel  Lebanon  Jordan  Turkey  Libya A Mamluk cavalryman... The Ayyubid or Ayyoubid Dynasty was a Muslim dynasty of Kurdish[1] origins which ruled Egypt, Syria, Yemen (except for the Northern Mountains), Diyar Bakr, Mecca, Hejaz and northern Iraq in the 12th and 13th centuries. ... , Nickname: Location of Jeddah Coordinates: , Country Province Established 500+ BC Joint Saudi Arabia 1925 Government  - Mayor Adil Faqeeh  - City Governor Mishal Al-Saud  - Provincial Governor Khalid al Faisal Area  - Urban 1,320 km² (509. ... Al-Ashraf Qansuh al-Ghawri was the last of the Mamluk Sultans. ...

During Ottoman Empire (1517) - (1916)

Flag of Ottoman Hejaz

• Barakat Efendi (1497 - 1525) , First Ottoman Sharif ,Hejaz became an ottoman state after the fall of Cairo to sultan Mahmud II.
• Muhammed Abul-Nubaj bin Barakat (1525-1583) , Rebuilt the walls of Jeddah in 1525 following the victory over Portuguese Armada in the Red Sea
• Al-Hassan bin Muhammad Abul-Nubaj (1583-1601)
• Idris bin Al-Hassan (1601-1610)
• Muhsin bin Hussein (1610-1628)
• Ahmed bin Talib Al-Hasan (1628-1629)
• Masud bin Idris (Masut Efendi) (1629-1630)
• Abdullah bin Hassan (1630 - 1631)
• Zeid bin Muhsin (1631 - 1666)
• Saad bin Zeid (1666 - 1667)
• Muhsin bin Ahmed (1667 - 1668)
• Saad bin Zeid (1668 - 1670)
• Homud bin Abdullah bin Al-Hasan (1670 - 1670)
• Saad bin Zeid (1670 - 1671)
• Barakat bin Muhammed (1672 - 1682)
• Said bin Barakat (1682 - 1683)
• Ibrahim bin Muhammed (1683 - 1684)
• Ahmed bin Zeid (1684 - 1688)
• Ahmed bin Ghalib (1688 - 1689)
• Muhsin bin Ahmed (1689 - 1691)
• Said bin Saad (1691 - 1693)
• Saad bin Zeid (1693 - 1694)
• Abdullah bin Hashim (1694 - 1694)
• Saad bin Zeid (1694 - 1702)
• Said bin Saad (1702 - 1704)
• Abdulmuhsin bin Ahmad (1704 - 1704)
• Abdulkarim bin Muhammed (1704 - 1705)
• Said bin Saad (1705 - 1705)
• Abdulkarim bin Muhammed (1705 - 1711)
• Said bin Saad (1711 - 1717)
• Abdullah bin Said (1717 - 1718)
• Ali bin Said (1718 - 1718)
• Yahya bin Barakaat (1718 - 1719)
• Mubarak bin Ahmad (1719 - 1722)
• Barakaat bin Yahya (1722 - 1723)
• Mubarak bin Ahmad (1723 - 1724)
• Abdullah bin Said (1724 - 1731)
• Muhammed bin Abdullah (1731 - 1732)
• Masud bin Said (1732 - 1733)
• Muhammed bin Abdullah (1733 - 1734)
• Masud bin Said (1734 - 1759)
• Jafar bin Said (1759 - 1760)
• Musa'ed bin Said (1760 - 1770)
• Ahmad bin Said (1770 - 1770)
• Abdullah bin Hussein (1770 - 1773)
• Surour bin Musa'ed (1773 - 1788)
• Abdulmuin bin Musa'ed (1788 - 1788)
• Ghalib Efendi bin Musa'ed (1788 - 1803)
• Yahya bin Surour (1803 - 1813) (jailed in Istanbul during war)
• Ghalib Efendi bin Musa'ed (1813 - 1827)
• Abdulmutalib bin Ghalib (1827 - 1827)
• Muhammed bin Abdulmuin (1827 - 1851)
• Abdulmutalib bin Ghalib (1851 - 1856)
• Muhammed bin Abdulmuin (1856 - 1858)
• Abdullah Kamil Pasha (1858 - 1877)
• Hussein bin Muhammed (1877 - 1880)
• Abdulmutalib bin Ghalib (1880 - 1882)
• Aun Al-Rafiq Pasha (1882 - 1905)
• Ali Abdullah Pasha (1905 - 1908)
• Hussein bin Ali Pasha (1908 - 1916) (King Hussein later)
• Ali Haidar Pasha (1916 - 1917)

Image File history File links Flag_of_Turkey. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Turkey. ... For other uses, see Cairo (disambiguation). ... The stylized signature of Mahmud II was written in an expressive calligraphy. ... , Nickname: Location of Jeddah Coordinates: , Country Province Established 500+ BC Joint Saudi Arabia 1925 Government  - Mayor Adil Faqeeh  - City Governor Mishal Al-Saud  - Provincial Governor Khalid al Faisal Area  - Urban 1,320 km² (509. ... Events January 21 - The Swiss Anabaptist Movement was born when Conrad Grebel, Felix Manz, George Blaurock, and about a dozen others baptized each other in the home of Manzs mother on Neustadt-Gasse, Zürich, breaking a thousand-year tradition of church-state union. ... The Portuguese Gold Coast was a Portuguese colony on the West African Gold Coast (present day Ghana) on the Gulf of Guinea. ... Location of the Red Sea The Red Sea is an inlet of the Indian Ocean between Africa and Asia. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Istanbul (Turkish: , Greek: , historically Byzantium and later Constantinople; see other names) is Turkeys most populous city, and its cultural and financial center. ... Combatants First Saudi State Ottoman Empire Commanders Saud Al-Kabeer, Abdullah I Tusun Pasha, Mohammed Ali Pasha, Ibrahim Pasha Strength 20,000 50,000 Casualties 11,000 dead, 3,000 wounded, Hanging of Abdullah I, Destruction of Diriyah Unknown Ottoman-Saudi war in 1811-1818 was fought between Egypt under... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Hussein bin Ali (1852-1931) (حسین بن علی; Ḥusayn bin ‘AlÄ«) was the Sharif of Mecca, and Emir of Mecca from 1908 until 1917, when he proclaimed himself king of Hejaz, which received international recognition. ...

During Kingdom of Hejaz (1916) - (1926)

Flag of Kingdom of Hejaz

• King Hussien bin Ali (1916 - 1924) (Hussien Pasha before)
• King Ali bin Hussain (1924 - 1925)

Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Hussein bin Ali (1852-1931) (حسین بن علی; Ḥusayn bin ‘Alī) was the Sharif of Mecca, and Emir of Mecca from 1908 until 1917, when he proclaimed himself king of Hejaz, which received international recognition. ... Ali bin Hussein (1879–1935) was King of Hejaz and Grand Sharif of Mecca from October 1924 until December 1925. ...

During Saudi Arabia

• King Abdulaziz Al-Saud (1926 - 1953)

Who formally abolished the Sharifate and installed his son to be governor of the region. `Abd al-`Azīz as-Sa`ūd ( 1880 - November 9, 1953) (Arabic:عبدالعزيز آل سعود) was the first monarch of Saudi Arabia. ...

• Faisal Bin Abdul Aziz Al-Saud
• Fawwaz Bin Abdul Aziz Al-Saud(1979-1980)
• Majid Bin Abdul Aziz Al-Saud (1980-2000)- Appointed after the crisis in the Holy Mosque
• Abdul Majeed Bin Abdul Aziz Al-Saud (2000-2007)
• Khalid Bin Faisal Bin Abdul Aziz Al-Saud (2007-Present)

References