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The shawm was a Renaissance musical instrument of the woodwind family, made in Europe from the late 13th century until the 17th century. It was developed from the oriental zurna. It is the ancestor of the modern oboe. Raphael was famous for depicting illustrious figures of the Classical past with the features of his Renaissance contemporaries. ...
A musical instrument is a device constructed or modified with the purpose of making music. ...
A woodwind instrument is a musical instrument in which sound is produced by blowing through a mouthpiece against an edge or by a vibrating reed, and in which the pitch is varied by opening or closing holes in the body of the instrument. ...
This article is 150 kilobytes or more in size. ...
(12th century - 13th century - 14th century - other centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 13th century was that century which lasted from 1201 to 1300. ...
(16th century - 17th century - 18th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 17th century was that century which lasted from 1601-1700. ...
Turkish Zurna in Ottoman band For other meanings, see Zurna (disambiguation) and Surna (disambiguation) The Zurna (also called Surna) is a surnay woodwind instrument of Asia Minor used in traditional weddings along with a Davul. ...
The oboe is a double reed musical instrument of the woodwind family. ...
 Woman playing a bass shawm, (Tobias Stimmer ca. 1500) Download high resolution version (557x688, 133 KB)bass Shawm This image was taken from a series of illustrations by Tobias Stimmer printed in the mid to late 1500s. ...
Download high resolution version (557x688, 133 KB)bass Shawm This image was taken from a series of illustrations by Tobias Stimmer printed in the mid to late 1500s. ...
Origins The shawm was called Schalmei in German, and this word is believed to derive from the Latin calamus, meaning reed or stalk. It is, however, also possible that the name comes from the Arabic salamiya or salameya, a traditional oboe from Egypt, as the European shawm seems to have been developed from similar instruments brought to Europe from the Near East during the time of the Crusades. This is borne out by the very similar names of many folk shawms used as traditional instruments in various European nations, such as the Spanish dulzaina (also known as chirimita), the Catalan shawms (xirimia, dolçaina or gralla, tible, tenora), the Portuguese charamela, and the Italian ciaramella. Latin is an ancient Indo-European language originally spoken in Latium, the region immediately surrounding Rome. ...
Arabic ( or just ) is the largest living member of the Semitic language family in terms of speakers. ...
The Siege of Antioch, from a medieval miniature painting, during the First Crusade. ...
For the band, please see Dulzaina (band) The dulzaina is a Spanish double reed instrument in the oboe family. ...
// There are two types of shawms commonly used in Catalonia in Northern Spain. ...
There is speculation that the instrument had originated from ancient Greece and Rome, or that the instrument returned to Europe by way of Byzantium and Asia. [1]
Construction The shawm was a long, straight wooden instrument with a bell. It had a conical bore, was played with a double reed similar to a small bassoon reed, and produced a loud tone. The bore of a wind instrument is the interior chamber in which air is set into vibration to produce musical sounds. ...
A double reed is a type of reed used to produce sound in various wind instruments. ...
Use of shawms Instruments very much like the medieval shawm can still be heard in many countries today, played by street musicians or sometimes by military bands. The latter use would be familiar to crusaders, who often had to face massed bands of Saracen shawms and nakers, used as a psychological weapon. It must have had a profound effect, as the shawm was quickly adopted by Europeans, for dancing as well as for military purposes. The standard outdoor dance band in the fifteenth century consisted of a slide trumpet playing popular melodies, while two shawms improvised countermelodies over it. Military Band marching A military band is a group of soldiers assigned to musical duties. ...
In older Western historical literature, the Saracens were the people of the Saracen Empire, another name for the Arab Caliphate under the rule of the Umayyad and Abbasid dynasties. ...
A naker is a small drum, of Arabic origin, and the forebearer of the European timpani (kettledrum). ...
For other uses, see Dance (disambiguation). ...
By the early sixteenth century, the shawm had undergone considerable development. Its initially harsh tone was mellowed by almost doubling its length, the extra tubing acting to modify the harmonics. Its grand, majestic sound, particularly when played in consorts of several sizes, was much in demand by civic authorities, and the shawm was standard equipment for the town bands, or waits. The shawm became so closely associated with waits that it was also known as the wait-pipe. For the computer operating system, see WAITS. A band of modern-day Waits Waits or Waites were British town pipers. ...
Woman playing a bass shawm, (Tobias Stimmer ca. ...
The rauschpfeife, a closely related instrument, was a capped reed instrument; like the reeds of a bagpipe or crumhorn, the instrument's double reed resided within a windcap and thus the player's mouth did not contact the reed. A sopranino rauschpfeife being played The rauschpfeife is a musical instrument of the woodwind family, originally popular in Europe in the mid-16th Century. ...
A bagpipe performer in Amsterdam. ...
Various Crumhorns The crumhorn is a musical instrument of the woodwind family. ...
A full consort of shawms, although it provided a truly magnificent sound, was logistically flawed, especially for processions. The soprano shawm was about two feet long, and the lower instruments increased in proportion, the bass being a monster which had to be played with the edge of its bell resting on the floor. An ingenious unknown maker devised a way of drilling two bores down a single piece of wood and joining them at the bottom, effectively producing a folded bass shawm which was half the original length, and much easier to manage. The new instrument was called either a curtal or a dulcian in England, and it became very popular as a general purpose bass instrument, even in refined settings where the higher shawms were considered inappropriate. The dulcian is a Renaissance bass woodwind instrument, with a double reed and a folded conical bore. ...
Progeny of the shawm The oboe developed from the shawm in the mid-17th century when the French musicians Jean Hotteterre and Michel Danican Philidor modified it, producing an instrument with a narrower bore and a reed which is held by the player's lips near the end.
See also - Catalan shawms, modernized shawms used to accompany the Catalonian Sardana circle dance.
- Piffero, a similar instrument from Italy which is still used in the folk music of the quattro provincie.
- Hirtenschalmei or "shepherd's shawm"
- Hornpipe, a similar instrument with bagpipe fingering
- Zurna, or surnay, related wind instrument originating in Asia Minor or in Persia
// There are two types of shawms commonly used in Catalonia in Northern Spain. ...
The piffero is a double reed musical instrument with a conical bore, of the oboe family. ...
The Hirtenschalmei (or shepherds shawm) is a late 20th century reconstruction following certain iconographical sources of a cylindrical double-reed wind-cap instrument with flaring bell; it produces a rather buzzy sound. ...
The Highland Hornpipe is a musical instrument that can be played similarly to a chanter on a Highland Bagpipe, although it is usually tuned an octave lower than a bagpipe chanter. ...
A bagpipe performer in Amsterdam. ...
Turkish Zurna in Ottoman band For other meanings, see Zurna (disambiguation) and Surna (disambiguation) The Zurna (also called Surna) is a surnay woodwind instrument of Asia Minor used in traditional weddings along with a Davul. ...
External links Double reed instruments (also includes those with quadruple and sextuple reeds)
A double reed is a type of reed used to produce sound in various wind instruments. ...
The piccolo oboe is the smallest and highest pitched member of the oboe family. ...
The piccolo heckelphone is a very rare woodwind instrument invented in 1904 by the firm of Wilhelm Heckel GmbH in Wiesbaden-Biebrich (Germany). ...
The oboe is a double reed musical instrument of the woodwind family. ...
Baroque oboe damore, Denner copy The oboe damore is a woodwind instrument. ...
The cor anglais, or English horn, is a double reed woodwind musical instrument in the oboe family. ...
The bass oboe or baritone oboe is a double reed instrument in the woodwind family. ...
Heckelphone The heckelphone is a musical instrument invented by Wilhelm Heckel and his sons, introduced in 1904. ...
The contrabass oboe is a double reed woodwind instrument in the key of C, sounding two octaves lower than the standard oboe. ...
// Small bassoons The bassoon family of double reed woodwind instruments is widely regarded as having only two members, unlike all of the other woodwind families, which have a multitude of varieties. ...
A Fox Products bassoon. ...
This is a contrabassoon. ...
// The Contraforte is a unique rendition of the common Contrabassoon, which was made to take the already strong and unique sound of the Contrabassoon and make it stronger. ...
The sarrusophone is a family of transposing musical instruments patented and placed into production by Pierre-Louis Gautrot in 1856. ...
The alto sarrusophone is the alto member of the sarrusophone family. ...
A Triebert Tenor Sarrusophone from the 1920s The Bb tenor is a smaller type of sarrusophone, and has about the same range as a Tenor Saxophone. ...
The baritone sarrusophone, otherwise known as combat bassoon, has about the same range as the baritone sax, and is about the same size as a contrabass sarrusophone, but is only wrapped around once, whilst the contrabass wraps around twice. ...
The Bass Sarrusophone is the bass member of the sarrusophone family, with a range almost identical to a bass saxophone, and doesnt have a very rich history. ...
This is a small-pipe EEb Contrabass Sarrusophone. ...
The Rothphone is a sarrusophone built in saxophone form. ...
The reed contrabass in C, otherwise known as the contrabass(e) Ã anche, is a type of woodwind instrument. ...
A tromboon The tromboon is a musical instrument made up of the reed and bocal of the bassoon attached to the body of a trombone instead of the trombone mouthpiece. ...
A nude youth plays the aulos at a banquet: Attic red-figure cup by the Euaion Painter, ca. ...
The oboe is a double reed musical instrument of the woodwind family. ...
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The cornamuse is a windcap double reed instrument dating from the Renaissance period. ...
The French Cromorne is an instrument that has caused musicologists some confusion. ...
Various Crumhorns The crumhorn is a musical instrument of the woodwind family. ...
The dulcian is a Renaissance bass woodwind instrument, with a double reed and a folded conical bore. ...
The Hirtenschalmei (or shepherds shawm) is a late 20th century reconstruction following certain iconographical sources of a cylindrical double-reed wind-cap instrument with flaring bell; it produces a rather buzzy sound. ...
Kortholt from Praetorius, Syntagma Musicum, Wolfenbüttel 1619 The kortholt is a musical instrument of the woodwind family. ...
Oboe da caccia The oboe da caccia (literally hunting oboe in Italian) is a double reed woodwind instrument in the oboe family, pitched a fifth below the oboe and used primarily in the Baroque period of European classical music. ...
Pommer or Bombard (French hautbois; Italian bombardo, bombar-done), the alto, tenor, bass, and contrabass members of the shawm or Schalmey family, and similar in function to the modern cor anglais, bass oboe, bassoon, and contrabassoon, although the bassoon familys direct ancestor was the dulcian/curtal family. ...
The Renaissance Rackett is a double-reed Wind instrument related to the Bassoon. ...
A sopranino rauschpfeife being played The rauschpfeife is a musical instrument of the woodwind family, originally popular in Europe in the mid-16th Century. ...
The alghaita (also spelled algaita or algheita) is a double reed wind instrument from Niger. ...
The rhaita or ghaita is a double reed instrument from Northern Africa. ...
A duduk player The duduk (pronounced ) is a traditional woodwind instrument popular in the Caucasus region. ...
Guanzi The guan (管; pinyin: guǎn; literally pipe or tube) is a Chinese double reed wind instrument. ...
The gyaling (also spelled gya ling or gya-ling) is a double reed shawm traditional to Tibet. ...
The hichiriki (Japanese: 篳篥) is a double reed instrument of Japanese gagaku music. ...
The hne (also spelled hnè) is a conical shawm used in the Music of Myanmar. ...
The kèn bầu is a double reed wind instrument used in the traditional music of Vietnam. ...
The Carnatic flute, also called kuzhal or pulangoil, is an 9 holed bamboo flute. ...
In Arabic music, a mizmar is any single or double reed wind instrument. ...
Nadaswaram, also spelt Nadhaswaram, and also called Nagaswaram, is one of the most popular classical instruments of south India and the worlds loudest non-brass acoustic instrument. ...
Pi is the generic term for any of a variety of quadruple reed oboes used in the traditional music of Thailand. ...
The piri (피리) is a Korean double reed instrument, used in both the folk and classical (court) music of Korea. ...
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Sorna (Persian سورنا, سÙرنا sornÄ, also سورنای, سÙرنای sornÄy, also Surna and Surnay) is an ancient Iranian woodwind instrument. ...
The sralai is the only wind instrument in the Pinn Peat ensemble. ...
Two Suonas The suona (simplified: 唢å‘; traditional: å—©å¶; also called the laba å–‡å or haidi 海笛) is a Han Chinese shawm (oboe). ...
Taapyeongso is a Korean instrument that is known as a metal-bell shawn. ...
Turkish Zurna in Ottoman band For other meanings, see Zurna (disambiguation) and Surna (disambiguation) The Zurna (also called Surna) is a surnay woodwind instrument of Asia Minor used in traditional weddings along with a Davul. ...
A nude youth plays the aulos at a banquet: Attic red-figure cup by the Euaion Painter, ca. ...
The bifora or pifara was a Sicilian double reed instrument of the oboe family, related to the ancient shawm and particularly to the piffero of the northern Italian Apennines. ...
Bombardes from Kevrenn an Arvorig The bombarde is a French folk instrument from Brittany. ...
// There are two types of shawms commonly used in Catalonia in Northern Spain. ...
For the band, please see Dulzaina (band) The dulzaina is a Spanish double reed instrument in the oboe family. ...
Musette can refer to several things: A type of bellows blown bagpipe found in rural France; also called musette de cour). ...
The piffero is a double reed musical instrument with a conical bore, of the oboe family. ...
Sopile (or rozenice named in Istra) are ancient traditional music instrument similarly to the nowadays oboa which is kept until todays on the region of Kvarner, Kastav, Vinodol, Island Krk and Istra. ...
Tárogató The tárogató (Romanian: taragot) refers to two different woodwind instruments, both of them Hungarian. ...
Zurla may refer to: the zurla, an oboe-like woodwind instrument similar to the Turkish zurna, used in the Republic of Macedonia and nearby Balkan countries Giacinto Placido Zurla, a Cardinal Vicar of Rome and writer on medieval geography Evangelista Zurla, captain of the Genoese galley San Vittorio of Crema...
The trompeta china, a Cuban traditional wind instrument, is actually the Chinese suona, an instrument in the oboe family introduced to Cuba by Chinese immigrants during the colonial period (specifically the late nineteenth century). ...
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