The Shi'a have lost no opportunity to vilify Muˤāwiyya. His supposed conversion to Islam before the conquest of Mecca is dismissed as a fable, or mere hypocrisy. He is said to have opposed ˤAlī, the rightful Caliph, out of sheer greed for power and wealth. His reign opened the door to unparalleled disaster, marked by persecution of ˤAlī and his followers, resulting in Yazid I coming into power, shortly followed by the Battle of Karbala. Caliph is the term or title for the Islamic leader of the Ummah, or community of Islam. ... Yazid Ibn Muawiyah Ibn Abu Sufyan (645 - 683) (Arabic: يزيد بن معاوية بن أبي سفيان) was the sixth Muslim Caliph and the second of the Umayyad dynasty. ... Combatants Umayyads forces of Husayn ibn Ali Commanders Yazid I Husayn ibn Ali Strength 4500 or less 72 Casualties unknown 72 The Battle of Karbala was a tragic battle that took place on 10 Muharram, 61 AH (October 10, 680) in Karbala, in present day Iraq, between the Islamic prophet...

Shi'a mention the consensus among Shi'a and Sunnis scholars regarding there being not a single sahih narration in where Muhammad praises Muˤāwiyya as a sign of Muˤāwiyyas lack of good qualities, and in fact, Shi'a quote some hadith where Muhammad is supposed to have cursed him and prophesied being resurrected with another then Muhammads on the resurrection day. Sahih is a Islamic term that means authentic. ...

Birth

Shi'a quote several Sunni sources claiming Muˤāwiyya was conceived in Combined Marriage [1].

The Sunni sources list four people thought of being his father:

1. Abu-ibn-Umar ibn Musaafir (or Musaafir Abu Umar)
2. Umar ibn Walid
3. Abbas ibn Abd-al-Muttalib or Abu Sufyan.
4. Sabah the Ethiopian or a unknown fourth.

Some list Abu Sufyan as one of the four, other do not. In any case, he accepted him as his father. For this reason, Shi'a name him "Muˤāwiyya ibn Hind", after his mother whom they regard as the prostitute that killed her black children, became married to Muhammads arch enemy and chewed Hamza ibn Abd al-Muttalibs liver. Abu Sufyan ibn Harb was the leader of the Banu Abd Shams clan of the Quraish tribe, and was the chieftain of the entire Quraish tribe, making him one of, if not the most powerful men in Mecca during the lifetime of Muhammad. ... Abu Sufyan ibn Harb was the leader of the Banu Abd Shams clan of the Quraish tribe, and was the chieftain of the entire Quraish tribe, making him one of, if not the most powerful men in Mecca during the lifetime of Muhammad. ... Wife of Abu Abu Sufiyan ibn Harb brother of (insert) that was killed in badr. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...

Sources quoted:

• Ibn Abi al Hadeed in Sharh Nahjul Balagha Volume 10 page 130
• Rabi'ul Abrar by Allamah Zamakhshari Volume 3 page 551 [2]
• Tadkhirath al Khawwas page 114 Chapter 7
• Thanzeeya al Nasab fi Kubul al Arab
• Sharh Ibn al Hadeed Volume 4 page 94 under the Chapter "Mun Kitab Ziyad Ubayya"
• Muasalib ibne Sa'man munkool uz thun'zeey al Nasab page 97
• al-Nasa'ih al-Kaafiyah page 85

Rule

Shi'a point out that Muˤāwiyya was the only Sahaba Caliph that was not regarded as "righteously guided" by the Sunnis. The also quote the Sunni scholar Maududi: In the Islamic religion, the Sahaba (or Asahaaba,الصحابه; both forms are plural--the singular is Sahaabi, which is Arabic for friend, or companion) are the companions of the Prophet Muhammad. ... Caliph is the term or title for the Islamic leader of the Ummah, or community of Islam. ... Sunni Islam (Arabic سنّة) is the largest denomination of Islam. ... Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi (alternative spelling Syed; often referred to Maulana Maududi) was one of the most influential Muslim theologians of the 20th century and the founder of Jamaat-e-Islami (Islamic Party), an Islamist political party in Pakistan. ...

Kingship's foundation began with this change. Muˤāwiyya (ra) was not appointed with the consensus of the Muslims at large as was the case with his predecessors, if the Muslims were not happy with them they would have not taken the positions, despite this Muˤāwiyya wanted to be the Khalīfa, he fought for this position, the Muslims were not pleased with his appointment. The people did not appoint him, he became by force and when he became Khalīfa, people had no other choice but to give him bayˤa. If the people did not give him bayˤa, they would not only lose their positions / ranks but also would have also lost their lives and would have been catastrophic for the system, people would rather give bayˤa than confront this consequence. That is why after Imam Hasan (ra) stepped down the other Sahaba joined him so as to avoid the risk of civil War amongst Muslims. Muˤāwiyya was well aware of this strategy. (citing Al Bidayah wa-Nihayah by Ibn Kathir, vol 8, page 132]) ^{Khilafat wa Mulukiyyat, chapter 5, pages 158-159}

In the Islamic religion, the Sahaba (or Asahaaba,الصحابه; both forms are plural--the singular is Sahaabi, which is Arabic for friend, or companion) are the companions of the Prophet Muhammad. ... The Beginning and the End (Arabic: Al-Bidayah wa Nihayah) is a classic work by the Sunni scholar Ibn Kathir. ... Ibn Kathir (Arabic : بن كثير ) was an Islamic scholar born in Busra, Syria in 1301 CE. He was taught by the Islamic scholar Ibn Taymiyya in Damascus, Syria. ... Khilafat wa Mulukiyyat is a book writen by Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi. ...

Killed Sahabas

Among the people the Shi'a list as being killed or assassinated by Muˤāwiyya are:

Sahaba: In the Islamic religion, the Sahaba (or Asahaaba,الصحابه; both forms are plural--the singular is Sahaabi, which is Arabic for friend, or companion) are the companions of the Prophet Muhammad. ...

• Ali - Some, but not all shi'a, have speculated regarding Muˤāwiyya being involved in some way.
• Hasan ibn Ali - was posioned by his wife, Shi'a conclude, on Muˤāwiyya behalf.
• Aisha - Shi'a say she was buried alive by Muˤāwiyya.
• Muhammad ibn Abu Bakr - he was burned alive inside a donkey hide by Muˤāwiyya troops. see Umm Habiba bint Abu Sufyan.
• Abd-al-Rahman ibn Abu Bakr - Said to have been poisoned.
• Ammar ibn Yasir - was killed in the battle of Siffin.
• Malik ibn Ashter - was posisoned after the battle of Siffin by Muˤāwiyya troops.
• Hujr ibn Adi - killed together with eleven companions since they refused to curse Ali.

Taba'een: These people are among the Sahaba of Muhammad . ... Hasan ibn Ali ibn Abu Talib (c. ... Aisha, Ayesha, Aisha, or Aisha (Arabic عائشة `āisha, she who lives) was a wife of Muhammad, whom Muslims regard as the final prophet of Islam. ... Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn al-Walid al-Tartushi (أبو بكر محمد بن الوليد الطرطوش) (born 451 AH, died 520 AH) Was born in Muslim Spain and travelled as far as Baghdad. ... According to Sunnis sources he did not give alligance to Abu Bakr, until Ali suposedly did so. ... The Battle of Siffin was a battle between ˤAlī and Muˤāwiyyas forces in 657. ... Categories: Possible copyright violations ... The Tabaeen (or Followers) are the generation of Muslims that came after the Sahaba. ...

• Abd-al-Rahman ibn Khalid - Said to have been posioned since he was more popular than Yazid regarding successorship.

See also

• Shi'a view of Ali