AS SALAM AU ALIKUM,

 not to mistaken, this salam was not for shias its only for muslims. 

HAZRAT MUHAMMED (SAL LAL LAHO ALYE HI WASALAM) SAID THAT " SAHABA IS LIKE STARS YOU WILL BE SUCCEED IF YOU FOLLOW ANY ONE FROM THEM". ANOTHER SAYINGS OF PROPHET IS THAT "AFTER ALL THE PROPHETS HAZRAT ABU BAKR (RA) IS THE BEST AMONG THE PEOPLES". ANOTHER SAYINGS OF PROPHET IS THAT " IF THERE WILL BE A PROPHET AFTER ME(AS AN EXAMPLE) IT SHOULD BE UMAR (RA)". AND THERE R MANIER GREATNESS OF THESE SAHABA'S IN HADITH. ANY PERSON WHO SAYS BAD WORDS TO SAHABA IS ALLOWED TO BE KILLED MEANS ( WAJIB-UL-QATL ). I REQUEST ALL THE SHIA PEOPLES TO PLEASE REFREASH THERE FAITHS OTHER WISE HELL IS WAITING FOR U.

Bold text

Bold text

Part of a series of articles on Islam For other uses, including people named Islam, see Islam (disambiguation). ... History of Islam For other uses, including people named Islam, see Islam (disambiguation). ... Image File history File links Mosque02. ... The History of Islam involves the history of the Islamic faith as a religion and as a social institution. ...

Beliefs and practices

Oneness of God Profession of Faith Prayer • Fasting Pilgrimage • Charity Aqidah. ... TawhÄ«d (also Tawhid or Tauhid or Tawheed; Arabic توحيد) is the Islamic concept of monotheism, derived from Ahad. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Tawhid. ... See Shahada (India) for the Indian town. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... The Hajj (Arabic: ‎ translit: ), (Turkish:Hac) is the Pilgrimage to Mecca in Islam. ... Zakât (or Zakaat or Zakah) (English:tax, alms, tithe) (Arabic: زكاة, Old (Quran) Arabic: زكوة) is the third of the Five Pillars of Islam in Sunni Islam and one of the Branches of Religion in Shia Islam. ...

Major figures

Muhammad This page is a list of Muslims in various professions and fields. ... For other people named Muhammad, see Muhammad (disambiguation). ... Abu Bakr • Ali Household of Muhammad Companions of Muhammad Prophets of Islam Abu Bakr As Siddiq (Arabic ابو بكر الصديق, alternative spellings, Abubakar, Abi Bakr, Abu Bakar) (c. ... ‘AlÄ« ibn AbÄ« Ṭālib (Arabic: ‎ Persian: ‎ )‎ (599 – 661) was an early Islamic leader. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... In Islam, the Sahāba (الصحابة) were the companions of the prophet Muhammad. ... The Quran identifies a number of men as Prophets of Islam (Arabic: nabee نبي ; pl. ...

Texts & Laws

Qur'an • Sunnah • Hadith Jurisprudence • Theology Biographies of Muhammad Sharia // Quran Text Surahs Ayah Commentary/Exegesis Tafsir ibn Kathir (by Ibn Kathir) Tafsir al-Tabari (by Tabari) Al Kordobi Tafseer-e-kabir (by Imam Razi) Tafheem-al-Quran (by Maulana Maududi) Sunnah/Hadith Hadith (Traditions of The Prophet) The Siha-e-Sitta al-Bukhari (d. ... The Quran [1] (Arabic: , literally the recitation; also called The Noble Quran; also transliterated as Quran, Koran, and Al-Quran, Turkish Kuran), is the central religious text of Islam. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Hadith (Arabic: ‎ translit: ) are traditions relating to the words and deeds of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. ... Islamic jurisprudence, Fiqh (in Arabic and Persian: فقه) is made up of the rulings of Islamic scholars to direct the lives of the Muslim faithful. ... Kalam (علم الكلم)is one of the religious sciences of Islam. ... For the river and also village in Norway named Sira, see Sira, Norway. ... Sharia (Arabic: ‎ translit: ) refers to the body of Islamic law. ...

Branches of Islam

Sunni • Shi'a • Kharijite The religion of Islam has many divisions, sects, schools, traditions, and related faiths. ... Sunni Muslims are the largest denomination of Islam. ... Shia Islam, also Shiite Islam or Shiism (Arabic: ‎ , translit: ; is the second largest denomination of the religion of Islam. ... Kharijites were members of an Islamic sect in late 7th and early 8th century AD, concentrated in todays southern Iraq. ...

Societal aspects

Academics • History Philosophy • Science Art • Architecture • Cities Calendar • Holidays Women • … in the Qu'ran Leaders • Politics Islamism • Liberalism • Sufism Muslim culture is a term primarily used in secular academia to describe all cultural practices common to historically Islamic peoples. ... Islamic Studies is the academic discipline which focuses on Islamic issues. ... The examples and perspective in this article or section may not represent a worldwide view. ... Islamic philosophy (الفلسفة الإسلامية) is a part of the Islamic studies, and is a longstanding attempt to create harmony between faith, reason or philosophy, and the religious teachings of Islam. ... This is a subarticle to Islamic studies and science. ... Islamic art is the art of Islamic people, cultures, and countries. ... Islamic architecture, a part of the Islamic studies, is the entire range of architecture that has evolved within Muslim culture in the course of the history of Islam. ... // This is a list of cities that various groups regard as holy. ... The Islamic calendar or Muslim calendar (Arabic: التقويم الهجري; also called the Hijri calendar) is the calendar used to date events in many predominantly Muslim countries, and used by Muslims everywhere to determine the proper day on which to celebrate Islamic holy days. ... Friday is an important day in the life of a Muslim and it is believed that any devotional acts done on this day gain a higher reward. ... Islam considers men and women to be equal by nature. ... Please wikify (format) this article as suggested in the Guide to layout and the Manual of Style. ... Islamic religious leaders have traditionally been persons who, as part of the clerisy, mosque, or government, performed a prominent role within their community or nation. ... This article or section needs a complete rewrite for the reasons listed on the talk page. ... It has been suggested that Islamic fundamentalism be merged into this article or section. ... Since the 19th century, Muslim progressives have produced a considerable body of liberal thought within Islam (in Arabic: الإسلام الاجتهادي or interpretation-based Islam; also الإسلام التقدمي or progressive Islam). These have in common a religious outlook which depends mainly on ijtihad or re-interpretations of scriptures. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...

See also

Vocabulary of Islam anti-Islam sentiment The following list consists of concepts that are derived from both Islam and Arab tradition, which are expressed as words in the Arabic language. ... This box: view • talk • edit

Main article: Umar ibn al-Khattab

This article is about the Shi'a view of Umar, the second Sunni caliph. For other uses of the name, see Umar (disambiguation). ... Sunni Islam (Arabic سنّة) is the largest denomination of Islam. ... Caliph is the term or title for the Islamic leader of the Ummah, or community of Islam. ...

Shia view

Historical context

While Sunnis regard Umar ibn al-Khattab in high esteem and respect his place as one of the "Four Righteously Guided Caliphs," Shi'a hold an opposing perspective of him. They do not view him as a legitimate leader of the Ummah and believe it to be factually provable that Umar and Abu Bakr conspired to usurp power from Ali. Shi'a believe that the Sunni view of Umar is an inaccurate one, created by the later Umayyad dynasty to honour the man that gave power to the first Umayyad ruler and third Sunni Caliph, Uthman. In this way, it gives legitimacy to Umar's consultation that started their own dynasty, a corrupt one in both Shi'a and Sunni view. Sunni Islam (Arabic سنّة) is the largest denomination of Islam. ... For other uses of the name, see Umar (disambiguation). ... The Four Rightly Guided Caliphs (Urdu: خلفأے راشدین, khalifa-e-rashidoon) refers to the first four caliphs in the Sunni tradition of Islam who are seen as being model leaders. ... Shia Islam ( Arabic شيعى follower; English has traditionally used Shiite or Shiite) is the second largest Islamic denomination; some 20-25% of all Muslims are said to follow a Shia tradition. ... Umma (Arabic: ‎) is an Arabic word meaning community or nation. ... For other uses of the name, see Umar (disambiguation). ... Abu Bakr As Siddiq (Arabic ابو بكر الصديق, alternative spellings, Abubakar, Abi Bakr, Abu Bakar) (c. ... ‘AlÄ« ibn AbÄ« Ṭālib (Arabic: ‎ Persian: ‎ )‎ (599 – 661) was an early Islamic leader. ... The Courtyard of the Umayyad Mosque in Damascus, one of the grandest architectural legacies of the Umayyads. ... The Courtyard of the Umayyad Mosque in Damascus, one of the grandest architectural legacies of the Umayyads. ... Sunni Islam (Arabic سنّة) is the largest denomination of Islam. ... Caliph is the term or title for the Islamic leader of the Ummah, or community of Islam. ... For other uses of the name, see Uthman (disambiguation). ...

Shi'a believe that the Umayyad view was propagated with lethal force and heavy duress and as time went on, that view became predominant and eventually taken as truth, cemented by the works of Bukhari. However, Shi'a believe that despite the perceived white washing of Umar, bits of his true qualities can be found in all sources, including Sunni ones. They also believe that invented positive traits attributed to him do not hold a closer scrutiny. Muhammad Ibn Ismail Ibn Ibrahim Ibn al-Mughirah Ibn Bardiziyeh al-Bukhari محمد بن اسماعيل بن ابراهيم بن المغيرة بن بردزبه البخاري), was the author of a collection of traditions, compiled in Sahih Bukhari. ...

Sources

Citations from the Qur'an are used in the following format: (Qur'an 2:124).

On occasion, Shi'as prefer to have their ideas sourced from Sunni sources. This manner of holding the opposing sides views make the Shi'as feel more convinced of their authenticity. To reflect this, Sunni sources are cited where Shi'a might do so. This practice is so widespread that a link might link to a Shi'a site quoting a Sunni source. Sunni's argue that this practice is counter-intuitive because Shi'as will use a source narrated by Umar, yet only if it is to negate his character. Any hadith that elevates his character is automatically shunned.

However, Shi'as also have their own sources and in most cases the critique towards Umar is much greater in those sources. Shi'as believe that most of the narrations critical to the Caliphs were purged during the Ummayyad dynasty. Some survived, but the most outspoken of them were eradicated. However a small minority group strove to keep alive those narrations, mainly through the descendants of the male Shi'as that survived the Battle of Karbala. The Umayyad Dynasty (Arabic الأمويون / بنو أمية umawiyy; in Turkish, Emevi) was the first dynasty of caliphs of the Prophet Muhammad who were not closely related to Muhammad himself, though they were of the same Meccan tribe, the Quraish. ... Combatants Umayyads Banu Hashim Commanders Umar ibn Saad Husayn ibn Ali Strength 4,000 - 4,500 72 Casualties unknown 72 The Battle of Karbala was a military engagement that took place on 10 Muharram, 61 AH (October 10, 680) in Karbala, in present day Iraq, between the Islamic prophet...

In contrast to Sunnis, Shi'a do not hold as authentic any narrations that depict Umar in a positive view, for example him being promised paradise, and hold as authentic some narrations that depict Umar in a negative view, for example some accusations regarding his sexuality. Besides this, the vast majority of narrations have a more neutral depiction of Umar, for example him questioning Muhammad's prophethood at the Treaty of Hudaybiya or scolding his daughter Hafsa. In these cases, Shi'a and Sunni have different views on the narrations. Many times Shi'as feel that Sunnis blatantly disregard narrations that even their own most respected scholars have authenticated. For example, a narration in Sahih Bukhari states explicitly that Ali and Zubair opposed Umar during the succession to Muhammad, or another narration that states that Umar was not invited to Fatima Zahra's secret funeral. For other people named Muhammad, see Muhammad (disambiguation). ... The Treaty of Hudaybiya was a Muslim Battle. ... Sahih Bukhari is one of the Sunni six major Hadith collections (Hadith are oral traditions recounting events in the lives of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and his followers). ... The factual accuracy of this article is disputed. ... Fatima redirects here. ...

The Shi'a view of Umar differs from the Sunni view in mainly two areas. First, regarding his everyday character. The Sunni's claim he was wise and just while the Shi'as describe him as an ignorant usurper. Secondly, his attitudes and actions regarding the succession to Muhammad. The Sunnis argue that he acted in good faith to save the community whilst the Shi'as claim he seized the power in bad faith. The factual accuracy of this article is disputed. ...

Shi'a Biography

His early life

Shi'as point out that Umar was an idol worshiper and that this disqualifies him from being a leader for all Muslims. Shi'as believe that no God-appointed Muslim leader has ever worshipped anything else than God. In other words, a man designated to protect and guide all Muslims at least must have a pure enough character to have refrained from the grossest sin in Islam. This is also complemented by the Shi'a belief that none can be an Imam (leader), whether prophet (Abraham) or non-prophet (Ali), except from the appointment of God (Qur'an 2:124). It is purity of character that Shi'a address on this issue and not sin, not to be confused with the removal of sin due to accepting Islam. Tomb of Abraham Abraham (between 2000 BC/BCE and 1500 BC/BCE) (Hebrew: אברהם, Standard Avraham Ashkenazi Avrohom or Avruhom Tiberian  ; Arabic: ابراهيم,  ; Geez: አብርሃም,  ; Father/Leader of many) is regarded as the founding patriarch of the Israelites whom God chose to bless out of all the families of the earth. ... ‘AlÄ« ibn AbÄ« Ṭālib (Arabic: ‎ Persian: ‎ )‎ (599 – 661) was an early Islamic leader. ...

The Shi'as hold against him the fact that he buried alive his own daughter, despite it being a characteristic of the time he lived in. Another point they make is about the low morale of his family, exemplified by his uncle, Umar ibn Nufayl, marrying his own mother. Married his mother after his fathers death. ...

Before embracing Islam

Umar's father, al-Khattab, was a staunch follower of polytheism ^[1]. When Muhammad first declared his message of Islam, Umar resolved to defend the traditional religion of the Quraish, polytheism or idolatory according to Islamic nomenlauture. Umar was adamant in opposing Muhammad and very prominent in persecuting the Muslims. For other people named Muhammad, see Muhammad (disambiguation). ... For other uses, including people named Islam, see Islam (disambiguation). ... Quraish (Arabic: ‎ translit: ) is the Meccan tribe that the Islamic prophet Muhammad belonged to before he received the revelations of Islam. ... Polytheism is belief in, or worship of, multiple gods or divinities. ...

Other questionable acts are reported as follows: Lubaynah was a slave girl of Umar. She accepted Islam and Umar would beat her mercilessly until he was tired. He would then say, "I have only stopped beating you because I am tired." She would say, "may God treat you in the same way." He asked her to renounce Islam, but she stuck to her faith. ^[2]. Zinnira was another slave of Umar. One day when Abu Jahl was visiting Umar and he took it upon himself to beat her. Zinnira was beaten so harshly that she lost her eyesight ^[3]. Lubaynah. ... The introduction of this article does not provide enough context for readers unfamiliar with the subject. ... Categories: Wikipedia cleanup | Religion stubs ...

Embracing Islam

One day, the Quraish called for somebody to volunteer himself for the assassination of Muhammad. Umar volunteered himself for this job, at which everybody exclaimed: "Surely, you can do it, Umar!" ^[4]. On his way he met Sad ibn Abi Waqqas, who asked where he was going. Umar said: "I am after finishing Muhammad." Sa'ad replied, "but do you not see that Banu Hashim, Banu Zuhrah and Banu Abd al-Manaf are likely to kill you in retaliation?" Umar, upset at the warning, said, "it seems that you also have renounced the religion of your forefathers. Let me settle with you first." On saying this, Umar drew out his sword. Sa'ad announcing his Islam, also took out his sword. They were about to start a duel when Sa'ad said, "you had better first set your own house in order. Your sister and brother-in-law both have accepted Islam." Umar went to his sister and found her reciting verses of the Qur'an. He became infuriated and gave her a slap which caused her to bleed. However, his sister did not denounce her religion. He went to meet Muhammad ^[5]. Quraish (Arabic: ‎ translit: ) is the Meccan tribe that the Islamic prophet Muhammad belonged to before he received the revelations of Islam. ... Saad was from the Banu Zuhrah clan of the Quraish tribe. ... Banu Hashim (Arabic: بنو هاشم) is a clan in the Quraish tribe. ... Banu Zuhrah is a clan of the Quraish tribe. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... The introduction of this article does not provide enough context for readers unfamiliar with the subject. ... The introduction of this article does not provide enough context for readers unfamiliar with the subject. ... The Quran [1] (Arabic: , literally the recitation; also called The Noble Quran; also transliterated as Quran, Koran, and Al-Quran, Turkish Kuran), is the central religious text of Islam. ...

Umar then made his way to the house of al-Arqam ^[6]. Muhammad had received information of this and he stood up and took hold of Umar's collar saying, "Umar, why do you not desist from this action? Will you not refrain lest Allah reveals that information about you that He has already revealed about Waleed ibn Mugheera?" ^[7]. Umar then converted to Islam that day. Heed not the type of despicable men,- ready with oaths, A slanderer, going about with calumnies, (Habitually) hindering (all) good, transgressing beyond bounds, deep in sin, Violent (and cruel), with all that, base-born When this verse descended, Waleed approached his mother and said, Muhammad cited my characteristics. ...

During Muhammad's life

Umar became a Muslim just as the persecution against them hardened. While not denying that he helped, Shi'as feel the extent of the help is debatable. Shi'as do not believe that Umar's strength is to be applauded because he abused it repeatedly. For example, he beat people in a mosque ^[8] and threatened Muslims in front of Muhammad^[9]. Umar beat Abu Huraira severely on several occasions, both during Muhammad's life and after. Also, Umar publicly and loudly questioned Muhammad's authority at the Treaty of Hudaybiya. After been given an answer and not being content with it, he went to Abu Bakr and again questioned Muhammad's authority ^[10]. `Abdul-Rahman bin Sakhr Al-Azdi [AKA Abu Hurairah, Abu Hurayrah or even Abu Horaira. ... For other people named Muhammad, see Muhammad (disambiguation). ... The Treaty of Hudaybiya was a Muslim Battle. ... Abu Bakr As Siddiq (Arabic ابو بكر الصديق, alternative spellings, Abubakar, Abi Bakr, Abu Bakar) (c. ...

Shi'as do not see him as a valiant man at all even though he was strong. They contend that he was a coward and argue that there are scarce reports of Umar hurting anyone or even getting hurt in any battle. In fact, he was notorious for not entering combat. When the battle of Uhud went awry and rumors of Muhammad's death started, Umar fled the battle, ran to a hill ^[11] and discouraged people from entering battle again, arguing that there was no point fighting since Muhammad was dead ^[12]. In the Battle of the Trench, he did not accept Amr's challenge ^[13]. Also, at Khaybar, Umar did not direct his troops against the fortress. In all three cases, Ali did the opposite. Combatants Muslims Quraysh-led Coalition Commanders Muhammad Abu Sufyan ibn Harb Strength 3,000 10,000 The Battle of Khandaq (AKA Battle of the Trench (Arabic غزوةالخندق), Battle of the Ditch, Battle of Ahzab (Arabic غزوةالاحزاب) was an attack by the city of Mecca on the city Medina in 627. ... AMR as an acronym can mean several things: adaptive multi-rate - a lossy speech compression scheme; also see AMR-WB and AMR-WB+ anisotropic magnetoresistance audio/modem riser automatic meter reading - To automatically collect data from energy meters and transfer it to a central database. ... Khaybar is the name of a geographical location in Saudi Arabia. ...

Hafsa

Hafsa, the daughter of Umar, was originally married to Khunais ibn Hudhaifa. When he died, Umar sought to find a husband for her. He approached his friend Uthman who said "I am of the opinion that I shall not marry at present," after thinking about the proposal for a few days. Umar became angry with Uthman and asked Abu Bakr the same thing. Abu Bakr did not give him a reply, causing Umar to become even more angry with him than he was with Uthman. However, this was because Abu Bakr was aware that Muhammad desired to marry Hafsa. Umar then preceded to Muhammad to discuss the previous two incidents. Muhammad reassured Umar by saying that "Hafsa will marry one better than Uthman will marry one better than Hafsa." Muhammas was obviously alluding to the fact that Hafsa was to marry Muhammad and that Uthman was to marry a daughter of Muhammad. ^[14]. Shi'as reject this hadith as forgery because they argue that it makes no sense to keep the intention to marry a secret from Umar but not from Uthman and Abu Bakr. Hafsa bint Umar was the daughter of Umar ibn al-Khattab and wife of Muhammad. ... This is a Sahaba of Muhammad. ... For other uses of the name, see Uthman (disambiguation). ... Abu Bakr As Siddiq (Arabic ابو بكر الصديق, alternative spellings, Abubakar, Abi Bakr, Abu Bakar) (c. ...

Hafsa was married to Muhammad in 625. Muhammad's household was not always peaceful as his wives were in two groups ^[15]. Umar's and Abu Bakr's daughter along with two other wives constituted the group that Shi'as believed troubled Muhammad. Umar said on one occasion:

"Hafsa, the news has reached me that you cause Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) trouble. You know that Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) does not love you, and had I not been (your father) he would have divorced you." (On hearing this) she wept bitterly. ^[16]

Shi'as believe that Umar's behavior towards his daughter is another example of his brute character. They see his fatherly advice to Hafsa in her time of despair as unworthy of any father, and especially of a future supposed protector and guide of the Muslim nation.

Pen and paper

Muhammad became ill in the year 632 and his health took a serious turn on a Thursday. He summoned his companions and announced that he wanted to write a will. It is reported that Muhammad asked for writing materials to write a statement that would prevent the Muslim nation from going astray for ever. The first person to reply was Umar, answering that the is no need for a will, arguing that Muhammad was ill and that Umar had the Qur'an which was sufficient for him. In another report it is stated that the first person replying, Umar by implication, said that Muhammad was delirious and talking non-sense. This reply caused a great commotion resulting in Muhammad rebuking Umar for calling him ill and sending him and his partisians out of the house. Events Abu Bakr becomes first caliph or Successor of the Prophet, leader of Islam Abu Bakr defeats Mosailima in the Battle of Akraba. ...

This event is the source of much controversy between the Shi'a and Sunnah; the former claim that Umar wrongly prevented the Prophet from confirming Ali as his chosen successor.

The Sunni view is that Umar was acting out of compassion and love for the Prophet. He sensed that the Prophet was talking from the depths of his death-sickness, and did not want to burden him and argue with him. The Prophet was not known to have written anything in his entire life, and it is the majority view of the Muslims that the Prophet was an ummi, an illiterate man, who knew not how to read or write. This is the primary defense of Muslims against claims that the Prophet wrote the Qur'an, is that he was not literate. So upon hearing a request from the Prophet to write something, Umar knew that this could not be the Prophet talking rationally, or so goes the Sunni argument. ^[17].

Usama's detachment

Two days later, at Saturday, Umar, Abu Bakr, Uthman and others, were sent away with a military detachment heading to Syria, under the command of an 18 yeas old man named Usama ibn Zaid. Ali and many others from the Banu Hashim where ordered to stay in Medina. Umar protested to this decision, causing Muhammad to forbid them to abandon Zaid's detachment. They left, but camped outside Medina and returned the next day. ^[18] Son of Zaid the freed slave was made commander over Umar, Abu Bakr and Uthman att the age of 18 a few days before Muhammads demise. ... Banu Hashim (Arabic: بنو هاشم) is a clan in the Quraish tribe. ...

After Muhammad

Two days after that, on Monday, Muhammad died. Abu Bakr was not present in Medina, Shia claiming he left it due to embarrassment since Abu Bakrs prayer incident. When Umar heard the news of Muhammad's death, he rushed to Muhammad, raised his sword and said he would "chop of the head" of anybody that said that Muhammad had died. Ibn Abbas approached him and remainded him that the Qur'an tells that Muhammad is mortal in the form "Muhammad is but a messenger; messengers (the like of whom) have passed away before him. If, then, he dies or is killed, will you turn back on your heel?", however Umar did not heed. Later when Abu Bakr came and told the same thing as Ibn Abbas hade said and also "If anyone worshipped Muhammad, then know that Muhammad is dead, but if anyone worshipped Allah, then Allah is living and does not die.", whereupon Umar calmed down. A famous recorded oral tradition among Muslims (Arabic: Hadith) is about a event involving Abu Bakr, whom Sunni Muslims regard as the succesor to prophet Muhammad (Arabic: Caliph). ... Abdullah ibn Abbas was a cousin of the prophet Muhammad. ... Abdullah ibn Abbas was a cousin of the prophet Muhammad. ...

Shia claim that the despair felt by Umar at the time of Muhammad's death was not genuine, they insist that there was no despair, only threats aimed to delay matters so that his friend and confederate Abu Bakr could return before Ali was confirmed as the successor. As for Ali's allegiance to Abu Bakr's rule, this too was made up to support Abu Bakr's claim to power.

Coup d'état

Shia claim that Umar and Khalid ibn Walid where on the forefront of a Coup d'état, seizing power for Abu Bakr and mortally wounding Fatimah which resulted in the miscarriage of Al Muhsin. Khalid bin Walid (AKA:Syaifullah/Sword of Allah);(584 - 642) was a Muslim Arab soldier and general. ... A coup détat (pronounced ), or simply a coup, is the sudden overthrow of a government through unconstitutional means by a part of the state establishment that mostly replaces just the top power figures. ... Al Muhsin or Mohsin, in Shia belief, was the unborn child of Fatima Al Zahra, the daughter of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and wife of Ali ibn Abu Talib. ...

Aftermath

Later, after Abu Bakr came into power, Abu Bakr ordered Usama's dispatchment to be sent as ordered to Syria. Umar demanded that Usama was to be replaced, but Abu Bakr refused to do so ^[19].

After Muhammad

Abu Bakr took power after Muhammad. Shia point to several Sunni sources that claim Abu Bakr was on his way to give in to Fatimah's cries for justice, harshly stopped by Umar. During Abu Bakr's short reign as caliph, Umar was one of his chief advisors and Abu Bakr imposed Umar as his successor prior to his death in 634. One report quotes one Muslim talking to Abu Bakr, asking him what he is going to say to God after leaving Umar in charge of matters. Ali was again passed over. Abu Bakr As Siddiq (Arabic ابو بكر الصديق, alternative spellings, Abubakar, Abi Bakr, Abu Bakar) (c. ... Events The Arabs invade Palestine. ... ‘AlÄ« ibn AbÄ« Ṭālib (Arabic: ‎ Persian: ‎ )‎ (599 – 661) was an early Islamic leader. ...

Shias refuse the Sunni notion of Ali serving Abu Bakr and Umar and claim that Ali simply disdained himself from public matter, judging that claiming his own right would endanger Islam.

Ali is quoted saying:

"I watched the plundering of my inheritance till the first one [Abu Bakr] went his way but handed over the Caliphate to Ibn al-Khattab after himself."

(Then he quoted al-A'sha's verse)^[20]:

"My days are now passed on the camel's back (in difficulty) while there were days [of ease] when I enjoyed the company of Jabir's brother Hayyan."

(Implying the contrast between the present and the time of the Prophet)

"It is strange that during his [Abu Bakr] lifetime he wished to be released from the caliphate but he confirmed it for the other one [Umar] after his death. No doubt these two shared its udders strictly among themselves" ^[21].

Umar's Caliphate

Ali is further quoted in the same sermon:

"This one [Umar] put the Caliphate in a tough enclosure where the utterance was haughty and the touch was rough. Mistakes were in plenty and so also the excuses therefore. One in contact with it was like the rider of an unruly camel. If he pulled up its rein the very nostril would be slit, but if he let it loose he would be thrown. Consequently, by Allah people got involved in recklessness, wickedness, unsteadiness and deviation" ^[22].

Shi'a claim that Umar was not given the title of "Al Faruq" as this was a title given to Ali, but rather Umar later was given that title.

Shi'as claim that Umar's marriage to Ali's daughter is a Umayyad fabrication, with the only goal being to put forth that Ali and Umar where friends, not missing the chance of depicting Ali as weak and inferior to Umar: Umar publicly threatening Ali to submission until he got his daughter for marriage ^[23].

Jurisprudence

It is reported that Umar declared in public ^[24]:

"Anyone who pays more for their dowry than what the Prophet used to pay, will put the excess amount in the Public Treasury."

A woman from the Quraish came to him and said:

"O commander of the Believers, which have more right to be followed, the Book of Allah [the Qur'an]or your statement?""

He answered:

"The Book of Allah."

So she told him,

"You have just prohibited the people from giving the excess amount from the dowry, but Allah Taalah has revealed in His Book, 'And if you have given them a great amount of gold as dower, take not the least bit of it back'(Qur'an 4:20)."

Therefore Umar said a few times:

"The Woman is correct and Umar is mistaken."

He addresses people again, and said:

"Verily a man may do whatever he sees fit with his wealth" ^[25].

Note: Generally, narrations with broken chains are not considered true according to Sunni Islamic scholars and any legal rulings contained therein are nonbinding.

Shi'as point out that Umar was very ill versed in Islamic law in contrast to Ibn Abbas and Ali, which is shown by these examples: Sharia (Arabic شريعة also Sharia, Shariah or Syariah) is traditional Islamic law. ... Abdullah ibn Abbas was a cousin of the prophet Muhammad. ... ‘AlÄ« ibn AbÄ« Ṭālib (Arabic: ‎ Persian: ‎ )‎ (599 – 661) was an early Islamic leader. ...

* Forbidding of Tayammum ^[26], even though its in the Qur'an^[27] and despite being reminded of the Sunnah by Ammar ibn Yasir. Not even Sunnis do justify that.

* Gave an incorrect death sentence due to ignorance in basic jurisprudence ^[28].

The above can be excused due to lack of knoledge. However, there are also incidents where he knowingly changed Muhammad's Sunnah by innovating in religious matters even though he had no authority to do so. For example: This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... According to Sunnis sources he did not give alligance to Abu Bakr, until Ali suposedly did so. ...

* Enforced the triple talaq ^[29].

The above point is not disputed by Sunnis, but the following four are: Triple Talaq is a controversial Sunni Islamic procedure whereby a husband can divorce his wife by saying to her talaq, talaq, talaq (I divorce you, three times). ...

* Umar took the solitary prayer of the month of Ramadan ^[30] and changed it to congregational prayer ^[31].

* Forbade temporary marriage according to the Hadith of Umar's speech of forbidding Mut'ah ^[32].

* He modified the adhan ^[33] .

* Changed the number of floggings for drinking alcohol from 40 to 80 lashes ^[34].

Shi'a books have expanded the list to include 80 points. To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Adhan (Azaan) ([]) is the Islamic call to prayer, recited by the muezzin. ...

Shi'as argue that Umar's legal knowledge can be summarized by his saying:

"If Ali had not been there, Umar would have been perished O Abu'l-Hasan,! I hope I am not alive when you are not among us" ^[35].

Death

He was killed by Abu-Lu'lu'ah. The introduction of this article does not provide enough context for readers unfamiliar with the subject. ...

Ali continues on:

"Nevertheless, I remained patient despite length of period and stiffness of trial, till when he [Umar] went his way [of death] he put the matter [of Caliphate] in a group and regarded me to be one of them. But good Heavens! what had I to do with this "consultation"? Where was any doubt about me with regard to the first of them [Abu Bakr] that I was now considered akin to these ones [in the consultation]?" ^[36].

Again, Umar's lack of knowledge in Muhammad's Sunnah is shown when Umar forbade Hafsa and others to weep for him, believing that it would cause him to be punished in the grave ^[37].

This was due to the fact that he missunderstod Aisha's narration of the hadith ^[38].

Legacy

Even though he evidently was mistaken on several occasions, which is clearly seen by the evidence, he has still set precedence in Sunni jurisprudence. Due to this Shi'a stress the need to enlighten people of Umar's ignorance, so that they stop following a man that believed he could shape the Sunnah of Muhamamd ^[39]. This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...

Even though Umar did make numerous fatwas in direct violation to the Qur'an, admitted by the Sunnis in the case of Tayammum, and even though he believed he could shape the Sunnah in the case of triple talaq and Adhan, also admitted by the Sunnis, Shi'a believe that there are cases where even the evidence clearly proves it, the Sunnis refuse to acknowledge that Umar made those changes, for example in the case of Nikah Mut'ah. Shia argue that there are only single narrations on the occasions where Muhammad supposedly forbade it, on seven contradictory times, and even though the vast majority of the hadith related to the topic unanimously claim that Umar forbade Nikah Mut'ah, even himself saying so, still the Sunnis choose to hold the few claiming Muhammad as the one forbidding it as authentic. In Shia view, this is shows how deep the impact of Umars legacy is, making Sunnis accept traditions that override the Qur'an (4:24), uniquely for this matter, even though those traditions propose that Muhamamd forbade it in 7 AH, when Sahih Muslim puts the date of the verse of Mut'ah Nikah in 9 AH. A fatwa (Arabic: ) plural fatāwa , is a legal pronouncement in Islam, issued by a religious law specialist on a specific issue. ... The Quran [1] (Arabic: , literally the recitation; also called The Noble Quran; also transliterated as Quran, Koran, and Al-Quran, Turkish Kuran), is the central religious text of Islam. ... Tayammum refers to the dry ablution, in Islam, which may be performed in place of wudu, if no clean water is available. ... Triple Talaq is a controversial Sunni Islamic procedure whereby a husband can divorce his wife by saying to her talaq, talaq, talaq (I divorce you, three times). ... Adhan (Azaan) ([]) is the Islamic call to prayer, recited by the muezzin. ... It has been suggested that Mutta marriage be merged into this article or section. ... It has been suggested that Mutta marriage be merged into this article or section. ...

Shi'a believe Umar to be the main force behind Abu Bakrs rise to power, since they quote him several times stopping Abu Bakr from giving in to Fatimah's cries for justice. Umar is responsible for the election that followed after him, an election where Ali is quoted to view it as in effect rigged to the extent that he could not win it, in practice giving away the Muslim nation to Islam's former arch-enemies, the Banu Umayyad, starting with Uthman and continuing with the adopted son of Abu Sufyan, Muawiya I, followed by Yazid I, resulting in the slaughter of Banu Hashim in the battle of Karbala and ultimately the pillage and rape of Medina and the catapult assault on the Kaaba. The Courtyard of the Umayyad Mosque in Damascus, one of the grandest architectural legacies of the Umayyads. ... For other uses of the name, see Uthman (disambiguation). ... Abu Sufyan ibn Harb was the leader of the Banu Abd Shams clan of the Quraish tribe, and was the chieftain of the entire Quraish tribe, making him one of, if not the most powerful men in Mecca during the lifetime of Muhammad. ... Muawiyah I (602 - May 6, 680), early Muslim leader and founder of the great Umayyad Dynasty of caliphs. ... Yazid Ibn Muawiyah Ibn Abu Sufyan (645 - 683) (Arabic: يزيد بن معاوية بن أبي سفيان) was the sixth Sunni Caliph and the second of the Umayyad dynasty. ... Banu Hashim (Arabic: بنو هاشم) is a clan in the Quraish tribe. ... Combatants Umayyads Banu Hashim Commanders Umar ibn Saad Husayn ibn Ali Strength 4,000 - 4,500 72 Casualties unknown 72 The Battle of Karbala was a military engagement that took place on 10 Muharram, 61 AH (October 10, 680) in Karbala, in present day Iraq, between the Islamic prophet... Medina (Arabic: ‎ or المدينة ; also transliterated into English as Madinah) is a city in the Hejaz region of western Saudi Arabia. ... Masjid al Haram The Kaaba ( translit: Persian: ‎ ) also known as al-Ka‘abatu’l-Musharrafat ( ), al-Baytu l-‘Atīq ( ), or al-Baytu’l-Ḥarām ( The Sacred House), is a building located inside the mosque known as al-Masjidu’l-Ḥarām in Mecca. ...

Shi'a believe that many hadith where Umar is merited by Muhamamd, for example the Hadith of Umar and prophecy, are nothing more than late Umayyad fabrications. A famous recorded oral tradition among Muslims (Arabic: Hadith) is about Umar, a famous contemporary of the prophet Muhammad. ...

While Shi'as use Sunni ahadeeth to try to bolster their claims, these works are not the basis of their beliefs. A brief examination of Shia religious works would serve to document their viewpoints. According to the Shi'a imam, Imam Baqir, Umar and his companion Abu Bakr had left Islam and deserve to be cursed: Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Muhammad al-Baqir Imam Muhammad al-Baqir (الإمام محمد الباقر) (676 - January 31, 743) was the fifth Shia Imam. ... Abu Bakr As Siddiq (Arabic ابو بكر الصديق, alternative spellings, Abubakar, Abi Bakr, Abu Bakar) (c. ...

"Abu Bakr and Omar did not repent before they parted the world. In fact, they did not even mention what they had done to Ali. So may Allah, His angels and all of mankind curse them" ^[40].

In Haqq al-Yaqeen it is written: Reality of Certainty (Arabic: Haqq al-Yaqeen) is a Shia Twelver hadith collection authoured by Allamah al-Majlisi [1]. It has been criticized by Shia in the words: Haqq al-Yaqeen has many weak narrators, none of the Hadith scholars have graded the narration as Sahih. ...

"Regarding the doctrine of Tabarra, we believe that we should seek disassociation from four idols namely, Abu Bakr, Omar, Uthman and Mu'awiyah; from four women namely, Ayesha, Hafsa, Hind and Ummul Hakam, along with all their associates and followers. These are the worst creation of Allah. It is not possible to believe in Allah, His Messenger and the Imams without disassociating oneself from their enemies."

In accordance with the above stated, it is not strange that Shi'a believe that disassociation from Umar is one of the Furu al-din (Branches of religion). Tabarra - disassociating from Ahl al-Bayt enemies , is a part of the Shia Branches of Religion and means to disassociating from the enemies of God, Muhammad and the Ahl al-Bayt. ... In Shia Islam, the ten Branches of Religion (Furū al-Dīn) are the ten practices that Shia Muslims must perform. ...

Furthermore, Shi'as supplicate curses upon Umar (as well as Abu Bakr), in the Dua Sanamain Quraish. Dua Sanamain Quraish (literally the Supplication of the two idols of Quraish), is a Shiite tradition, used in cursing the first two Muslim caliphs after the death of Muhammad, Abu Bakr and Umar. ...

See also

• Shia view on Ali ibn Abi Talib
• The first four Sunni Caliphs and the Sunnah

This is a parallel sub-article to Shia and Ali This article is about the Shia view of Ali ibn Abi Talib, the fourth Sunni Caliph and first Shia Imam. ... The Sunnah, the customs and practices of Muhammad, is a key source of Islamic law and morality. ...

References

1. ^ Sunni ref
2. ^ Sunni ref
3. ^ Shi'a ref
4. ^ Sunni ref
5. ^ Sunni ref
6. ^ Sunni ref
7. ^ Shi'a ref
8. ^ Bukhari
9. ^ Bukhari
10. ^ Bukhari
11. ^ Tabari
12. ^ Sunni ref
13. ^ Sunni ref
14. ^ Bukhari
15. ^ Bukhari
16. ^ ref
17. ^ Hadith of the pen and paper
18. ^ Hadith of Usama's dispatchment
19. ^ ref
20. ^ al-A`sha's verse)
21. ^ Nahj al-Balagha Sermon 3
22. ^ Nahj al-Balagha Sermon 3
23. ^ Shia site
24. ^ by Al-Baihaqi in a broken (discontinous) chain of narration
25. ^ ref
26. ^ Sahih Muslim
27. ^ Sahih Muslim
28. ^ Abu Dawud
29. ^ Sahih Muslim
30. ^ Sahih Muslim
31. ^ Sahih Bukhari
32. ^ Sahih Muslim
33. ^ Muwatta
34. ^ Sahih Muslim
35. ^ Google 1 2
36. ^ Nahj al-Balagha Sermon 3
37. ^ Sahih Muslim,Sahih Bukhari
38. ^ Sahih Bukhari,Sahih Muslim
39. ^ Muwatta
40. ^ Furu al-Kafi

Hadith of the pen and paper is a famous Hadith in Islam about the event when the prophet Muhammad whas prevented to write his will. ... Hadith of Usamas dispatchment is a Hadith in Islam about an event during Muhammads last days alive. ... It has been proposed below that Nahj al Balagha be renamed and moved to Nahj al-Balagha. ... It has been proposed below that Nahj al Balagha be renamed and moved to Nahj al-Balagha. ... It has been proposed below that Nahj al Balagha be renamed and moved to Nahj al-Balagha. ... Furu al-Kafi is one of the most authoritarian Shia hadith collections, it contains eight volumes. ...

External links

• http://www.usc.edu/dept/MSA/fundamentals/hadithsunnah/muslim/025.smt.html#025.5331