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Encyclopedia > Shina language

Tshina is a Dardic Language and is spoken by majority of people in Northern Areas of Pakistan. The Valleys include Astore, Chilas, Dareil,Tangeer, Gilgit, Ghizer,and few parts of Baltistan, and Kohistan. It is also spoken in Kargil and Ladakh valleys of India. The Dardic languages form a subfamily of the Indo-Iranian languages. ... Shown in green is the Kashmiri region under Pakistani control. ... Astore Valley is a District in the Northern Areas of Pakistan. ... // History Geography Climate Economy Civic administration Transport Utility services Demographics People and culture Media Education Sports External links Further reading References ... Gilgit Valley. ... Ghizer is a district in northern Pakistan. ... Baltistan (Urdu: بلتستان) , also known as Baltiyul in the Balti language, is a region to the north of Kashmir, bordering the Chinese region of Xinjiang. ... Kohistan is a Persian word meaning mountainous region or highland (Koh = mountain; -istan = suffix -land). ... Kargil was a part of Gilgit-Baltistan before 1947, but now is a town in the Indian-controlled Kashmir. ... Ladakh (Tibetan script: ལ་དྭགས་, Hindi: लद्दाख़, Urdu: لدّاخ; IPA: , land of high passes) is a region in the state of Jammu and Kashmir in Northern India sandwiched between the Karakoram mountain range to the north and the Himalayas to the south. ...

Contents

Phonology

Vowels

Consonants

Labial Coronal Retroflex Palatal Velar Glottal
Stop Plain p t ʈ k
Aspirated ʈʰ
Voiced b d ɖ ɡ
Affricate Plain ʈʂ ʧ
Aspirated ʈʂʰ ʨʰ
Voiced ɖʐ ʤ
Fricative Plain f s ʂ ʃ h
Voiced v z ʐ ʒ
Nasal m n ɳ
Lateral l
Rhotic r ɽ
Semivowel j

Labials are consonants articulated either with both lips (bilabial articulation) or with the lower lip and the upper teeth (labiodental articulation). ... Coronal consonants are articulated with the flexible front part of the tongue. ... Sub-apical retroflex plosive In phonetics, retroflex consonants are consonant sounds used in some languages. ... Palatal consonants are consonants articulated with the body of the tongue raised against the hard palate (the middle part of the roof of the mouth). ... Velars are consonants articulated with the back part of the tongue (the dorsum) against the soft palate (the back part of the roof of the mouth, known also as the velum). ... Glottal consonants are consonants articulated with the glottis. ... A stop, plosive, or occlusive is a consonant sound produced by stopping the airflow in the vocal tract. ... In phonetics, aspiration is the strong burst of air that accompanies the release of some obstruents. ... A voiced consonant is a sound made as the vocal cords vibrate, as opposed to a voiceless consonant, where the vocal cords are relaxed. ... Affricate consonants begin as stops (most often an alveolar, such as or ), but release as a fricative such as or (or, in a couple of languages, into a fricative trill) rather than directly into the following vowel. ... In phonetics, aspiration is the strong burst of air that accompanies the release of some obstruents. ... A voiced consonant is a sound made as the vocal cords vibrate, as opposed to a voiceless consonant, where the vocal cords are relaxed. ... Fricatives (or spirants) are consonants produced by forcing air through a narrow channel made by placing two articulators close together. ... A voiced consonant is a sound made as the vocal cords vibrate, as opposed to a voiceless consonant, where the vocal cords are relaxed. ... A nasal consonant is produced when the velum—that fleshy part of the palate near the back—is lowered, allowing air to escape freely through the nose. ... Laterals are L-like consonants pronounced with an occlusion made somewhere along the axis of the tongue, while air from the lungs escapes at one side or both sides of the tongue. ... Rhotic consonants, or R-like sounds, are non-lateral liquid consonants. ... Semivowels (also called semiconsonants or glides) are vowels that function phonemically as consonants. ...

Tone

Tshina contrast two tones, a level tone and a rising tone.


See also

Shown in green is the Kashmiri region under Pakistani control. ... North-West Frontier Province (NWFP) is geographically the smallest of the four provinces of Pakistan. ...

External link


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