NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Shiraz (grape)

Shiraz, or Syrah, (Persian: شیراز) is a variety of grape used in wine. It is called Syrah in France and most of the United States. In South Africa, Australia, and Canada it is known as Shiraz. In Australia it used to be called Hermitage up to the late 1980s. It should not be confused with Petite Sirah, a synonym for Durif, which is a different type of grape. Syrah is the offspring of two obscure French varieties, Dureza and Mondeuse Blanche. (Dureza, native to the Ardèche, Mondeuse Blanche "White Mondeuse", native to the Savoie). The grape also has many other synonyms that are used in various parts of the world including Antourenein Noir, Balsamina, Candive, Entournerein, Hignin Noir, Marsanne Noir, Schiras, Sirac, Syra, Syrac, Serine, and Sereine.^[1] Image File history File links Shiraz_Grapes. ... Image File history File links Shiraz_Grapes. ... Look up Persian in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... It has been suggested that Veraison be merged into this article or section. ... A glass of red wine This article is about the alcoholic beverage. ... Hermitage grape is the name given to one of a handful of different wine grape varieties in different wine growing regions of the world. ... Durif (or Dufiff) is a minor variety of red wine grape grown in France, California and Australia. ...

Naming

Winemakers (or wine marketers) sometimes choose one name over the other to signify a stylistic difference in the wine they have made. "Syrah" labelled wines are sometimes thought to be more similar to Old World examples (presumably more elegant or restrained) such as Northern Rhône reds. "Shiraz" labelled wines are more similar to New World examples (presumably riper and fruitier), but even this rule of thumb is unevenly applied.^[2] The RhÃ´ne wine region is first divided into north and south. ...

Origin

The name of the grape Shiraz was taken from that of the city of Shiraz in Iran, near where the process of wine making possibly originated 7000 years ago.^[3] Historic accounts state that the Syrah/Shiraz was brought into southern France by a returning crusader, Guy De'Sterimberg. He became a hermit and developed a vineyard on a steep hill where he lived in the Rhône River Valley. It became known as the Hermitage. In 1998, a study conducted at the University of California, Davis concluded that the grape variety in its modern cultivated form originated in the vicinity of the Northern Rhône valley of France, as the result of a cross of the "Dureza" and "Mondeuse Blanche" grape varieties;^[4] and in 2001, using DNA analysis, this was proven to be the case. Eram Garden, Shiraz most popular garden. ... Grow and harvest grapes. ... The University of California, Davis, commonly known as UC Davis, is one of the ten campuses of the University of California, and was established as the University Farm in 1905. ... The RhÃ´ne wine region is first divided into north and south. ...

Syrah continues to be the main grape of the Northern Rhône and is associated with classic wines such as Hermitage, Cornas and Côte-Rôtie. In the Southern Rhône it is used as a blending grape in such wines as Châteauneuf-du-Pape, Gigondas and Côtes du Rhône. Although its best incarnations will age for decades, less-extracted styles may be enjoyed young for their lively red and blueberry characters and smooth tannin structure. Shiraz has been widely used as a blending grape in the red wines of many countries due to its fleshy fruit mid-palate, balancing the weaknesses of other varieties and resulting in a "complete" wine. Hermitage is an AOC for wine made near Lyon in France, in a fairly small area on a hill site near Tain lHermitage in the Rhône wine region Most wines produced are red, a powerful, spicy, long lived wine from the Syrah grape. ... Cornas is a wine-growing AOC in the northern RhÃ´ne wine region of France south of Lyon. ... CÃ´te-RÃ´tie is a wine-growing AOC in the northern RhÃ´ne wine region of France. ... ChÃ¢teauneuf-du-Pape is a town and commune in the Vaucluse dÃ©partement in Provence, in southern France. ... Gigondas is a wine-growing AOC in the southern RhÃ´ne wine region of France. ... CÃ´tes du RhÃ´ne is a wine-growing AOC for the RhÃ´ne wine region of France, covering areas outside the other named appellations both in the north and south. ...

Durif

Durif, or Petite Sirah, is a descendant of the Shiraz grape. It was created by Dr. Francois Durif, a cross breed between the lesser known Peloursin and Syrah. Regions such as Rutherglen have achieved international regard for their Durif. This varietal is similar to Shiraz, but even more full bodied and tannic because of the smaller, thicker skinned grapes used. Durif (or Duriff) is a minor variety of red wine grape grown in France, California and Australia. ... Rutherglen is a small town in northeastern Victoria, Australia, near the Murray River border with New South Wales. ...

Wine

Shiraz is a grape variety widely used to make a dry red table wine. Shiraz is often vinified on its own, but is also frequently blended with other grape varieties, such as Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Grenache, Mourvèdre and Viognier. It is grown in many wine producing regions around the world, with concentrations in Australia, The Rhone Valley in France, and America. It is often used as a blending grape in Spain and Italy as well. Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (768x1024, 140 KB)A photo of a class of California Syrah along with the bottle in the background Original photo at Emdots Flickr Page File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (768x1024, 140 KB)A photo of a class of California Syrah along with the bottle in the background Original photo at Emdots Flickr Page File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert... It has been suggested that Veraison be merged into this article or section. ... A glass of red wine This article is about the alcoholic beverage. ... Old vine Cabernet Sauvignon at Chateau Montelena in Napa Valley. ... Merlot grapes on the vine. ... Grenache is a sweet red grape variety grown primarily for the making of wine. ... MourvÃ¨dre is a variety of wine grape grown around the world, and is Spains second-most important red wine grape after Garnacha, and was once Provences most popular grape. ... Viognier (pronounced vee-own-YAY[1]) is a white wine grape. ... This list of wine-producing regions catalogues significant growing regions where vineyards are planted. ...

Recently, Australian Shiraz producers have started to add up to 4% Viognier to their Shiraz to add apricot tones to the wine's nose and palette. With such a small percentage added, the producer wasn't obliged to declare the blend on the label. In the past 5 years however, it's becoming increasingly fashionable to label the wine Shiraz Viognier as Viognier gains consumer acceptance in the market place. The practise of blending Viognier with Syrah has actually been common for years in the Northern Rhône Valley region of Cote-Rotie.^[5] Viognier (pronounced vee-own-YAY[1]) is a white wine grape. ... Viognier (pronounced vee-own-YAY[1]) is a white wine grape. ...

Many premium Shiraz-based wines are at their best after some considerable time aged in a cellar (10-15 years). In Australia, Shiraz is also used to make the unique "sparkling Shiraz", a deep-red sparkling wine which also ages well. There is also a small amount of rosé wine produced from the Syrah grape. Before the popularity of Australian Shiraz wine it was very often used to make port.^[6] A number of Australian winemakers also make a full-bodied sparkling dry shiraz, a red bubbly, that contains the complexity and sometimes earthy notes that are normally found in still wine.^[7] A glass of sparkling wine A Sparkling wine cork It has been suggested that Spumante, Frizzante, Sekt and Cremant be merged into this article or section. ... RosÃ© is a type of wine that is neither purely red wine nor purely white wine. ...

Taste

Wines made from Shiraz are often quite powerfully flavoured and full-bodied. The variety produces wines with a wide range of flavor notes, depending on the climate and soils where it is grown, as well as other viticultural practices chosen. Aroma characters can range from violets to berries, chocolate, espresso and black pepper. No one aroma can be called "typical" though blackberry and pepper are often noticed. With time in the bottle these "primary" notes are moderated and then supplemented with earthy or savory "tertiary" notes such as leather and truffle. "Secondary" flavor and aroma notes are those associated with several things, including winemakers' practices (such as oak barrel and yeast regimes), and terroir (the impact made by the soil, weather, and aspect where the grapes are grown). wine grapes Viticulture (from the Latin word for vine) refers to the cultivation of grapes, often for use in the production of wine. ... Wine barrels, especially those made of oak, have long been used as containers in which wine is typically aged. ... Typical divisions Ascomycota (sac fungi) Saccharomycotina (true yeasts) Taphrinomycotina Schizosaccharomycetes (fission yeasts) Basidiomycota (club fungi) Urediniomycetes Sporidiales Yeasts are a growth form of eukaryotic microorganisms classified in the kingdom Fungi. ...

Australian Shiraz

The Shiraz grape was introduced into Australia in 1832 by James Busby, an immigrant who brought vine clippings from Europe with him.^[4] Today it is Australia's most popular red grape, but Shiraz has not always been in favor in Australia; in the 1970s white wine was so popular growers were ripping out unprofitable Shiraz and Grenache vineyards, even those with very old vines. Many factors, including the success of brands like Lindemans and Jacob's Creek in the UK, as well as Rosemount in the US, were responsible for plantings expanding dramatically through the 1980s and 1990s; a similar trajectory occurred in California. However, the biggest factor in this expansion during the 1990s was a federal government tax subsidy to those planting new vineyards. James Busby James Busby (7 February 1801 - 15 July 1871) was involved in the drafting of the Treaty of Waitangi and is widely regarded as the father of the Australian wine industry, as he took the first collection of vine stock from Spain and France to Australia. ... Old vine (French: vieilles vignes) is a term commonly used on wine labels to indicate that a wine is the produce of vines that are notably old. ...

South Australian regions tend to be the most highly regarded for Shiraz in Australia. Regions such as the Barossa Valley, McLaren Vale and the Clare Valley have consistently produced some of the country's best Shiraz for several decades. These regions tend to produce very full bodied, high alcohol wines (between 13.5 and 16%). Capital Adelaide Government Constitutional monarchy Governor Marjorie Jackson-Nelson Premier Mike Rann (ALP) Federal representation - House seats 11 - Senate seats 12 Gross State Product (2004-05) - Product ($m) $59,819 (5th) - Product per capita $38,838/person (7th) Population (End of September 2006) - Population 1,558,200 (5th) - Density 1. ... Tanunda is surrounded by vineyards showing Autumn colour. ... McLaren Vale, approximately 35 km directly south of the Adelaide CBD ( 35°13′ S 138°32′ E), refers to the suburb of McLaren Vale (postcode 5171), the township of McLaren Vale (which has not been engulfed by urban sprawl due to the hilly terrain) and the wine region... The Clare township The Clare Valley is one of Australias oldest and most famous wine regions, and also one of the most scenic, presenting visitors with a series of small intimate valleys and magnificent views Settlers from England, Ireland and Poland first moved into the region during the 1840...

Notable Victorian regions include Heathcote, roughly 2 hours north of Melbourne and Bendigo, roughly 1.5 hours north of Melbourne. Cooler climate regions such as Western Australia's Margaret River produce Shiraz with marginally less alcohol content and often in a more traditional French style. Margaret River is a river in far south-western Western Australia, 288 kilometres south-west of Perth, supporting a town of the same name. ...

French Syrah

Syrah, as it is known in France, is grown throughout the Rhône valley. The wines that are made from it vary greatly, even over small changes in the vines locations. The differences in the soil quality as well as the changes in the slope of the terrain tend to produce different styles of wine. Ranging from the mineral and tannic nature of Hermitage, to fruity and perfumed in the case of Côte-Rôtie.^[2]

Syrah is also a key component to many blends. In the late 18th and early 19th centuries, it was sometimes added to certain Bordeaux to improve the wine.^[8] It may be used to add structure and color to Grenache in southern Rhône blends, including Châteauneuf-du-Pape.^[9] Syrah is also the only red grape used in the wines of the northern Rhône.^[10] Some bottles of Grands Vins seen in a wine store in the city of Bordeaux Bordeaux wine, refers to all wine produced in the Bordeaux region of France. ... Grenache is a sweet red grape variety grown primarily for the making of wine. ... ChÃ¢teauneuf-du-Pape is a town and commune in the Vaucluse dÃ©partement in Provence, in southern France. ...

American Syrah

In the United States, wine produced from the grape is normally called by its French name, Syrah. However, in cases where winemakers choose to follow a New World style, similar to Penfolds Grange, they may choose to label their wines as Shiraz.^[11] Under American wine laws, either name may appear on the label. Syrah first appeared as a wine grape in California in the 1970s, where it was planted by a group of viticulturists who called themselves "Rhône rangers."^[12] Although most plantings of the grape are in California, there are increasing amounts of it being grown in Washington state. Penfolds Grange (until the 1989 vintage labelled Penfolds Grange Hermitage) is a famous, prestigious and expensive Australian wine, made predominantly from the Shiraz grape and usually a small percentage of Cabernet Sauvignon. ...

California Syrahs, much like those in France, vary a great deal based the climate and terroir that they inhabit. In exceptionally warm regions, such as parts of Napa, the wine is often blended with other Rhône varieties. Other appellations, primarily mountainous ones, tend to produce varietal-based wines that can stand on their own.^[13] Syrah was introduced into Washington state in 1985 by the Woodinville, Washington Columbia Winery. Expanding at a significant rate, it is used to produce single varietial wines as well as being blended with grapes such as Grenache, Cinsault, and Viognier.^[14] Terroir was originally a French term in wine and coffee appreciation used to denote the special characteristics of geography that bestowed individuality upon the food product. ... Woodinville is a city located in King County, Washington. ... Columbia Winery is a Washington state winery located in Woodinville, Washington. ... Grenache is a sweet red grape variety grown primarily for the making of wine. ... Cinsaut or Cinsault is a red wine France. ... Viognier (pronounced vee-own-YAY[1]) is a white wine grape. ...

Notes

For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... December 27 is the 361st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (362nd in leap years). ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... October 14 is the 287th day of the year (288th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

External links

Category: Grape varieties A glass of red wine This article is about the alcoholic beverage. ... A glass of red wine This article is about the alcoholic beverage. ... RosÃ© is a type of wine that is neither purely red wine nor purely white wine. ... A glass of sparkling wine A Sparkling wine cork It has been suggested that Spumante, Frizzante, Sekt and Cremant be merged into this article or section. ... Dessert wines are those wines which are typically served with dessert, although they are also drunk on their own, i. ... A fortified wine is a wine to which additional alcohol has been added, most commonly in the form of brandy (a spirit distilled from wine). ... Fruit wines are wine-like beverages made from fruits other than grapes. ... Grapes for ice wine, still frozen on the vine. ... AlbariÃ±o (ahl-bar-EEN-yoh â€“ Galician) or Alvarinho (ahl-vah-REE-nyoh â€“ Portuguese) is a variety of white wine grape grown in Galicia (northwest Spain) and northern Portugal, where it is used to make varietal white wines. ... Oak-aged Chardonnay is particularly popular in the United States. ... Chenin Blanc (or often simply Chenin) is a widely grown wine grape variety, also known as Steen in South Africa, Pineau de la Loire in the Loire region of France. ... GewÃ¼rztraminer grapes on the vine GewÃ¼rztraminer (IPA: , sounds like guh-VERTS-truh-MEE-ner; IPA: in German; Croatian: ; Hungarian: ), sometimes referred to as GewÃ¼rz or Traminer, is a white wine grape variety that performs best in cooler climates. ... For other uses, see muscat. ... Pinot Blanc is a white wine grape. ... Pinot Gris (or Tokay Pinot Gris) is a white wine grape of species Vitis vinifera related to Pinot noir which goes by a lot of other names: Pinot Grigio (Italy) Pinot Beurot (Loire Valley, France) RulÃ¤nder (Austria and Germany, Romania, sweet) Grauburgunder or Grauer burgunder (Austria and Germany, dry... Ripe grapes of Riesling Riesling is a white grape variety and varietal appellation of wines grown historically in Alsace (France), Austria, Germany (see German wine), and northern Italy. ... Sauvignon blanc is a white wine grape probably originating in the Bordeaux region of France that is now planted in much of the worlds winelands producing a crisp dry refreshing white varietal wine. ... SÃ©millon is a golden-skinned grape used to make dry and sweet white wines, most notably in France and Australia. ... Viognier (pronounced vee-own-YAY[1]) is a white wine grape. ... Cabernet Franc is a red wine grape variety similar to and a parent of Cabernet Sauvignon. ... Old vine Cabernet Sauvignon at Chateau Montelena in Napa Valley. ... The Carmenere grape is a wine grape variety originally planted in the MÃ©doc region of Bordeaux, France where it is used to produce deep red wines occasionally used for blending purposes in the same manner as Petit Verdot. ... Dolcetto is a well-known wine grape variety widely grown in Piedmont region of Italy. ... Durif (or Duriff) is a minor variety of red wine grape grown in France, California and Australia. ... A California Gamay Gamay is a purple-colored grape variety used to make red wines, most notably grown in Beaujolais. ... Grenache is a sweet red grape variety grown primarily for the making of wine. ... Malbec is a black, mellow grape variety originally grown in France, in the Loire Valley and Cahors. ... Merlot grapes on the vine. ... Petit verdot is a variety of black grape used in the production of red wine, principally in blends with Cabernet Sauvignon. ... Pinotage is a wine grape that is a cross between Pinot Noir and Cinsault (called Hermitage in South Africa and parts of Europe, hence the portmanteau name of this grape variety). ... Pinot noir is a red wine grape variety of the species Vitis vinifera. ... Sangiovese (synonyms: Sangiovese grosso, Brunello, Uva brunella, Morellino, Prugnolo, Prugnolo gentile, Sangioveto, Tignolo and Uva Canina) is a red wine grape variety originating in Italy where it is now recognised as a superior variety. ... Tempranillo is a variety of vitis vinifera, the red grape used commonly in winemaking. ... Zinfandel, also known as Zin, is a red-skinned wine grape popular in California for its intense fruitiness and lush texture. ... Amarone della Valpolicella is an often powerful Italian wine made from dried grapes of the Corvina, Rondinella, and Molinara varieties. ... Asti is a DOCG sparkling wine produced in the Asti region in Piedmont, Italy. ... Castle and Village of Barolo. ... Tanunda is surrounded by vineyards showing Autumn colour. ... Beaujolais is a historical province and a wine-producing region in France. ... Bordeaux with sub-wine regions A Bordeaux wine is any wine produced in the Bordeaux region of France. ... Chardonnay vineyards in the south of the CÃ´te de Beaune surrounding the town of Meursault. ... The Chablis wine region is the northernmost sector of Burgundy, France, and also the name of a town located there. ... It has been suggested that Blanc de noirs be merged into this article or section. ... Chianti is Italys most famous red wine. ... Commandaria is an amber-colored dessert wine made from the indigenous Mavro and Xynistery varieties of red grapes in the Commandaria region of Cyprus (centered near the city of Kolossi). ... DÃ£o Wine (or Vinho do DÃ£o) is from the RegiÃ£o Demarcada do DÃ£o, a region demarcated in 1908, but already in 1390 there were taken some measures to protect this wine. ... Egri BikavÃ©r (Bulls Blood) is one of the most reputed and traditional Hungarian wines besides the Tokaji wines. ... Madeira is a fortified wine made in the Madeira Islands of Portugal, which is prized equally for drinking and cooking; the latter use including the dessert plum in Madeira. ... Marsala is the name for a wine produced in the region surrounding the Italian city of Marsala in Sicily. ... A glass of tawny port. ... Retsina is a Greek resinated white (or rosÃ©) wine dating back at least 2700 years. ... The RhÃ´ne wine region is first divided into north and south. ... Rioja Wine Rioja is a wine from a region named after the Rio Oja in Spain, a tributary of the Ebro. ... Sancerre is one of the most famous white wines in France named from the town Sancerre. ... A half bottle of Sauternes from ChÃ¢teau dYquem Sauternes is a type of dessert wine made from SÃ©millon, Sauvignon Blanc, and Muscadelle grapes that have been affected by Botrytis cinerea, also known as noble rot. ... Sherry solera For other uses, see Sherry (disambiguation). ... Tokaj cellar Tokaji, meaning of Tokaj in Hungarian, is used to label wines from the wine region of Tokaj-Hegyalja in Hungary. ... Valpolicella is a zone of the province of Verona, Italy, east of Lake Garda. ... It has been suggested that Punt e mes be merged into this article or section. ... Vinho Verde is Portuguese and literally means Green Wine. There are red, white and, more rarely, rosÃ© varieties of the appellation Vinho Verde, but only the white wines are exported. ... Vouvray, from the region of the same name is made through the vinification of the Chenin Blanc grape. ... The Glossary of wine terms lists the definitions of many terms used within the wine industry. ... This is a list of varieties of cultivated grapes, whether used for wine, or eating as a Table grape, fresh or dried (raisin, currant, sultana). ... This list of wine-producing regions catalogues significant growing regions where vineyards are planted. ... The following is a list of wine producing countries and their volume of wine production for the year 2003 in metric tonnes. ... Winemakers often use carboys like these to ferment smaller quantities of wine Winemaking, or vinification, is the process of wine production, from the selection of grapes to the bottling of finished wine. ...

Contents

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