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Shirley Chisholm
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from New York's 12th district
In office 1969–1983
Preceded by	Edna F. Kelly
Succeeded by	Major R. Owens
Died	January 1, 2005 (aged 80) Florida
Born	November 30, 1924(1924-11-30) Brooklyn, New York, U.S.
Political party	Democratic
Spouse	Conrad Chisholm (divorce) Arthur Hardwick Jr. (widowed) Image File history File links Emblem-important. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 381 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (651 × 1024 pixel, file size: 66 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Date 1972-01-25 Author Thomas J. OHalloran, U.S. News & World Reports Permission No known restrictions on publication. ... Type Bicameral Speaker of the House of Representatives House Majority Leader Nancy Pelosi, (D) since January 4, 2007 Steny Hoyer, (D) since January 4, 2007 House Minority Leader John Boehner, (R) since January 4, 2007 Members 435 plus 4 Delegates and 1 Resident Commissioner Political groups Democratic Party Republican Party... This article is about the state. ... New Yorks 12th Congressional District is a congressional district for the United States House of Representatives located in New York City. ... Also: 1969 (number) 1969 (movie) 1969 (Stargate SG-1) episode. ... Year 1983 (MCMLXXXIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1983 Gregorian calendar). ... Edna Flannery Kelly (August 20, 1906 - December 14, 1997) was a Democratic member of the United States House of Representatives from New York. ... Major Robert Odell Owens (born June 28, 1936) is a New York politician. ... is the 1st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the U.S. State of Florida. ... is the 334th day of the year (335th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the rap album, see 1924 (album). ... For other meanings, see Brooklyn (disambiguation). ... For other uses of terms redirecting here, see US (disambiguation), USA (disambiguation), and United States (disambiguation) Motto In God We Trust(since 1956) (From Many, One; Latin, traditional) Anthem The Star-Spangled Banner Capital Washington, D.C. Largest city New York City National language English (de facto)1 Demonym American... Federal courts Supreme Court Circuit Courts of Appeal District Courts Elections Presidential elections Midterm elections Political Parties Democratic Republican Third parties State & Local government Governors Legislatures (List) State Courts Local Government Other countries Atlas  Politics Portal      Further information: Politics of the United States#Organization of American political parties The Democratic... Shirley Anita St. ...

Shirley Anita St. Hill Chisholm (November 30, 1924 – January 1, 2005) was an American politician, educator and author ^[1]. She was a Congresswoman, representing New York's 12th District for seven terms from 1968 to 1983. In 1968, she became the first African American woman elected to Congress. On January 23, 1972, she became the first major party African American candidate for President of the United States. She won 152 delegates.^[2], ^[3] Other women who ran for President of the United States in 1972 include Linda Jenness and Evelyn Reed. is the 334th day of the year (335th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the rap album, see 1924 (album). ... is the 1st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Type Bicameral Houses Senate House of Representatives President of the Senate President pro tempore Dick Cheney, (R) since January 20, 2001 Robert C. Byrd, (D) since January 4, 2007 Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi, (D) since January 4, 2007 Members 535 plus 4 Delegates and 1 Resident Commissioner Political... An African American (also Afro-American, Black American, or simply black) is a member of an ethnic group in the United States whose ancestors, usually in predominant part, were indigenous to Africa. ... Type Bicameral Houses Senate House of Representatives President of the Senate President pro tempore Dick Cheney, (R) since January 20, 2001 Robert C. Byrd, (D) since January 4, 2007 Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi, (D) since January 4, 2007 Members 535 plus 4 Delegates and 1 Resident Commissioner Political... is the 23rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1972 (MCMLXXII) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Federal courts Supreme Court Circuit Courts of Appeal District Courts Elections Presidential elections Midterm elections Political Parties Democratic Republican Third parties State & Local government Governors Legislatures (List) State Courts Local Government Other countries Atlas  US Government Portal      For other uses, see President of the United States (disambiguation). ... The following is a List of female U.S. presidential and vice-presidential candidates. ... Socialist Workers Party candidate for president in 1972. ... Evelyn Reed (1905 – 1979) was a communist in the United States and women’s rights agitator. ...

Biography

Shirley Anita St. Hill was born in Brooklyn in 1924 of immigrant parents. Her father was born in British Guiana and her mother was Ruby Seale of Barbados. At age three, Shirley was sent to Barbados to live with her grandmother, and did not return to the U.S. for seven years. In her 1970 autobiography “Unbought and Unbossed”, she wrote: “Years later I would know what an important gift my parents had given me by seeing to it that I had my early education in the strict, traditional, British-style schools of Barbados. If I speak and write easily now, that early education is the main reason.”

She had a degree in elementary education from Teachers College, Columbia University. From 1953 to 1959, she was director of the Hamilton-Madison Child Care Center, and from 1959 to 1964, was an educational consultant for the Division of Day Care. Teachers College, Columbia University (sometimes referred to simply as Teachers College; also referred to as Teachers College of Columbia University or the Columbia University Graduate School of Education) is a top ranked graduate school of education in the United States. ...

Chisholm was married to Conrad Chisholm from 1949 to 1977. Upon their divorce, she married Arthur Hardwick, Jr., who died in 1986. Year 1986 (MCMLXXXVI) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link displays 1986 Gregorian calendar). ...

Shirley Chisholm was a member of the Delta Sigma Theta Sorority. In 1993, she was inducted into the National Women's Hall of Fame. Chisholm also authored two books, Unbought and Unbossed (1970) and The Good Fight (1973). This article does not cite any references or sources. ... The National Womens Hall of Fame was created in 1969 by a group of people in Seneca Falls, New York, the location of the first American womens rights convention, now known to historians as the 1848 Womens Rights Convention. ...

Career

In 1964, Chisholm ran for and was elected to the New York State Legislature. She then ran as the Democratic candidate for New York's 12th District congressional seat and was elected to the House of Representatives in 1968, defeating Republican candidate James Farmer and becoming the first African-American woman elected to Congress. Image File history File links Size of this preview: 791 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (3000 × 2274 pixel, file size: 539 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Shirley Anita St. ... Also Nintendo emulator: 1964 (emulator). ... The New York Legislature is the U.S. state of New Yorks legislative branch, seated at the states capital, Albany. ... Federal courts Supreme Court Circuit Courts of Appeal District Courts Elections Presidential elections Midterm elections Political Parties Democratic Republican Third parties State & Local government Governors Legislatures (List) State Courts Local Government Other countries Atlas  Politics Portal      Further information: Politics of the United States#Organization of American political parties The Democratic... Type Bicameral Speaker of the House of Representatives House Majority Leader Nancy Pelosi, (D) since January 4, 2007 Steny Hoyer, (D) since January 4, 2007 House Minority Leader John Boehner, (R) since January 4, 2007 Members 435 plus 4 Delegates and 1 Resident Commissioner Political groups Democratic Party Republican Party... GOP redirects here. ... James L. Farmer, Jr. ...

As a freshman, Chisholm was assigned to the House Agricultural Committee. Given her urban district, she felt the placement was a waste of time and shocked many by demanding reassignment. She was then placed on the Veterans' Affairs Committee. Soon after, she voted for Hale Boggs as House Majority Leader over John Conyers. As a reward for her support, Boggs assigned her to the much-prized Education and Labor Committee; she was the third-highest ranking member when she retired. The standing Committee on Veterans Affairs in the United States House of Representatives oversees agencies, reviews current legislation, and recommends new bills or amendments concerning veterans. ... Thomas Hale Boggs Sr. ... The Majority Leader of the United States House of Representatives acts as the leader of the party that has a majority control of the seats in the house (at least 218 of the 435 seats). ... John Conyers, Jr. ... The Committee on Education and Labor is a committee of the United States House of Representatives. ...

Chisholm joined the Congressional Black Caucus in 1969, as one of its founding members. In 1972, she made a bid for the Democratic Party's presidential nomination, receiving 152 delegate votes,^{[citation needed]} but ultimately losing the nomination to South Dakota Senator George McGovern. Chisholm's base of support was ethnically diverse and included the National Organization for Women. Among the volunteers who were inspired by her campaign was Barbara Lee, who would go on to become a congresswoman some 25 years later. (Currently, Barbara Lee has a couple of pieces of legislation that would honor Shirley Chisholm, including H Con Res 9, calling on the US Postal Service to create a stamp honoring her, and HR 176, which would create a program to encourage educational exchanges between the US and Caribbean nations.) Chisholm said she ran for the office The Congressional Black Caucus is an organization representing African American members of the Congress of the United States. ... Also: 1969 (number) 1969 (movie) 1969 (Stargate SG-1) episode. ... Official language(s) English Capital Pierre Largest city Sioux Falls Area  Ranked 17th  - Total 77,116[1] sq mi (199,905 km²)  - Width 210 miles (340 km)  - Length 380 miles (610 km)  - % water 1. ... Type Upper House President of the Senate Richard B. Cheney, R since January 20, 2001 President pro tempore Robert C. Byrd, D since January 4, 2007 Members 100 Political groups Democratic Party Republican Party Last elections November 7, 2006 Meeting place Senate Chamber United States Capitol Washington, DC United States... George McGovern on May 8, 1972 cover of Time Magazine George Stanley McGovern, (born July 19, 1922) is a former United States Representative, Senator, and Democratic presidential nominee. ... The National Organization for Women (NOW) is an American feminist group, founded in 1966, claiming a membership of 500,000 people and 550 chapters in all 50 U.S. states and the District of Columbia. ... Barbara Jean Lee (born July 16, 1946), American politician, has been a Democratic member of the United States House of Representatives since 1998, representing Californias 9th congressional district (map) and is the first woman to represent that district. ... Barbara Jean Lee (born July 16, 1946), American politician, has been a Democratic member of the United States House of Representatives since 1998, representing Californias 9th congressional district (map) and is the first woman to represent that district. ... West Indies redirects here. ...

"in spite of hopeless odds, . . . to demonstrate the sheer will and refusal to accept the status quo."

Chisholm created controversy when she visited rival and ideological opposite George Wallace in the hospital soon after his shooting in May 1972, during the 1972 presidential primary campaign. Several years later, when Chisholm worked on a bill to give domestic workers the right to a minimum wage, Wallace got her the votes of enough southern congressmen to push the legislation through the House. Throughout her tenure in Congress, Chisholm would work to improve opportunities for inner-city residents. She was a vocal opponent of the draft and supported spending increases for education, healthcare and other social services, and reductions in military spending. She announced her retirement from Congress in 1982, and was replaced by a fellow Democrat, Major Owens, in 1983. After leaving Congress, Chisholm was named to the Purington Chair at Mount Holyoke College in South Hadley, Massachusetts, where she taught for four years. She was also very popular on the lecture circuit. George Corley Wallace, Jr. ... The minimum wage is the minimum rate a worker can legally be paid (usually per hour) as opposed to wages that are determined by the forces of supply and demand in a free market. ... The term inner-city is often applied to the poorer parts at the centre of a major city. ... Conscription is a general term for forced labor demanded by some established authority, e. ... Major Owens Major Robert Odell Owens (born June 28, 1936) is a New York politician, currently representing the states 11th Congressional district (map), in the United States House of Representatives. ... Mount Holyoke College is a liberal arts womens college in South Hadley, Massachusetts. ...   Settled: 1659 â€“ Incorporated: 1775 Zip Code(s): 01075 â€“ Area Code(s): 413 Official website: http://www. ...

Retirement/Death

Chisholm retired to Florida and died on January 1, 2005. She is buried in Forest Lawn Cemetery in Buffalo. This article is about the U.S. State of Florida. ... is the 1st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Forest Lawn Cemetery in Buffalo was founded in 1849. ...

Biographical documentary

In February 2005, Shirley Chisholm '72: Unbought and Unbossed, a documentary film ^[4] was aired on U.S. public television. It chronicles Chisholm's 1972 bid for the Democratic presidential nomination. It was directed and produced by independent, black woman filmmaker Shola Lynch. The film was featured at the Sundance Film Festival in 2004. On, April 9, 2006, the film was announced as a winner of a Peabody Award. February 2005 : ← - January - February - March - April - May - June - July - August - September - October - November - December - → Pope John Paul II is taken to a hospital suffering from a serious case of influenza. ... Documentary film is a broad category of visual expression that is based on the attempt, in one fashion or another, to document reality. ... Not to be confused with Public Broadcasting Services in Malta. ... The Sundance Film Festival is a film festival in the state of Utah in the United States. ... Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 99th day of the year (100th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The George Foster Peabody Awards, more commonly referred to as the Peabody Awards, are annual international awards given for excellence in radio and television broadcasting. ...

In popular culture

In the lyrics of the 1988 Biz Markie song "Nobody Beats the Biz", Biz says, "Make you co-op-er-ate with the rhythm, that is what I give em/ Reagan is the pres but I voted for Shirley Chisholm" Biz Markie (born Marcel Hall April 8, 1964 in Harlem, New York) is a rapper and DJ, best known for humorous singles such as Just a Friend. He has been labeled The Clown Prince of Hip-Hop. ...

In the lyrics of the 2005 Nellie McKay song "Mama and Me" McKay says, "There's a lotta things that I'm proud of in this world / I got a pinch of Shirley Chisholm / And a sprinkle of That Girl." For the African-American literature scholar, see Nellie Y. McKay. ... That Girl was an American television situation comedy that ran on ABC from 1966 to 1971. ...

References

External links

• Shirley Chisholm at the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
• Chisholm speech on the Equal Rights Amendment
• Shirley Chisholm's 1972 Presidential Campaign
• Shirley Chisholm biography and video interview excerpts by The National Visionary Leadership Project
• Chisholm '72 - Unbought & Unbossed by Shola Lynch