Received SMS on a Motorola RAZR mobile phone.

Most common mobile keypad alphabet layout.

Short Message Service (SMS) is a communications protocol allowing the interchange of short text messages between mobile telephone devices. SMS text messaging is the most widely used data application on the planet, with 2.4 billion active users, or 74% of all mobile phone subscribers sending and receiving text messages on their phones. The SMS technology has facilitated the development and growth of text messaging. The connection between the phenomenon of text messaging and the underlying technology is so great that in parts of the world the term "SMS" is used colloquially as a synonym for a text message from another person or the act of sending a text message (even when, as with MMS, a different underlying protocol is being used)^{[citation needed]}. Short message service is a form of text messaging on mobile phones. ... Text messaging on a mobile with keyboard Text messaging, or texting is the common term for the sending of short (160 characters or fewer, including spaces) text messages from mobile phones using the Short Message Service (SMS). ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (922x1024, 238 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Short message service Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or scanner used... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (922x1024, 238 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Short message service Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or scanner used... Download high resolution version (640x876, 101 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Download high resolution version (640x876, 101 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz redirects here. ... This article concerns communication between pairs of electronic devices. ... Cell phone redirects here. ... Text messaging on a mobile with keyboard Text messaging, or texting is the common term for the sending of short (160 characters or fewer, including spaces) text messages from mobile phones using the Short Message Service (SMS). ... For the Microsoft Media Server (MMS) protocol, see Microsoft Media Services. ...

SMS as used on modern handsets was originally defined as part of the GSM series of standards in 1985^[1] as a means of sending messages of up to 160 characters (including spaces), to and from GSM mobile handsets.^[2] Since then, support for the service has expanded to include alternative mobile standards such as ANSI CDMA networks and Digital AMPS, as well as satellite and landline networks.^[3] Most SMS messages are mobile-to-mobile text messages, though the standard supports other types of broadcast messaging as well. The Global System for Mobile communications (GSM: originally from Groupe Spécial Mobile) is the most popular standard for mobile phones in the world. ... Interim Standard 95 (IS-95), is the first CDMA-based digital cellular standard pioneered by Qualcomm. ... IS-54 and IS-136 are second-generation (2G) mobile phone systems, known as Digital AMPS (D-AMPS). ... A satellite telephone, satellite phone, or satphone is a mobile phone that communicates directly with orbiting communications satellites. ... A landline or main line is a telephone line which travels through a solid medium, either metal wire or optical fibre. ...

History

SMS as part of GSM

The idea of adding text messaging to the services of mobile users was latent in many communities of mobile communication services at the beginning of the 1980s. Experts from several of those communities contributed in the discussions on which should be the GSM services. Most thought of SMS as providing a means to alert the individual mobile user, for example, of a deposited voice mail, whereas others had more sophisticated applications in their minds, such as telemetry. However, few believed that SMS would be used as a means for sending text messages from one mobile user to another. Telemetry is a technology that allows the remote measurement and reporting of information of interest to the system designer or operator. ...

As early as February 1985, after having already been discussed in GSM subgroup WP3, chaired by J. Audestad, SMS was considered in the main GSM group as a possible service for the new digital cellular system. In GSM document "Services and Facilities to be provided in the GSM System",^[1] both mobile originated and mobile terminated short messages appear on the table of GSM teleservices.

The discussions on the GSM services were then concluded in the recommendation GSM 02.03 "TeleServices supported by a GSM PLMN".^[4] Here a rudimentary description of the three services was given: In telecommunication, a public land mobile network (PLMN) is a network that is established and operated by an administration or by a recognized operating agency (ROA) for the specific purpose of providing land mobile telecommunications services to the public. ...

1. Short message Mobile Terminated (SMS-MT)/ Point-to-Point: the ability of a network to transmit a Short Message to a mobile phone. The message can be sent by phone or by a software application.
2. Short message Mobile Originated (SMS-MO)/ Point-to-Point: the ability of a network to transmit a Short Message sent by a mobile phone. The message can be sent to a phone or to a software application.
3. Short message Cell Broadcast.

This was handed over to a new GSM body called IDEG (the Implementation of Data and Telematic Services Experts Group), which had its kickoff in May 1987 under the chairmanship of Friedhelm Hillebrand. The technical standard known today was largely created by IDEG (later WP4) as the two recommendations GSM 03.40 (the two point-to-point services merged together) and GSM 03.41 (cell broadcast). BTS (Base Transceiver Station). ...

The Mobile Application Part (MAP) of the SS7 protocol included support for the transport of Short Messages through the Core Network from its inception.^[5] MAP Phase 2 expanded support for SMS by introducing a separate operation code for Mobile Terminated Short Message transport.^[6] Since Phase 2, there have been no changes to the Short Message operation packages in MAP, although other operation packages have been enhanced to support CAMEL SMS control. Mobile Application Part ... Signaling System #7 (SS7) is a set of telephony signaling protocols which are used to set up the vast majority of the worlds PSTN telephone calls. ...

From 3GPP Releases 99 and 4 onwards, CAMEL Phase 3 introduced the ability for the Intelligent Network (IN) to control aspects of the Mobile Originated Short Message Service,^[7] while CAMEL Phase 4, as part of 3GPP Release 5 and onwards, provides the IN with the ability to control the Mobile Terminated service.^[8] CAMEL allows the gsmSCF to block the submission (MO) or delivery (MT) of Short Messages, route messages to destinations other than that specified by the user, and perform real-time billing for the use of the service. Prior to standardized CAMEL control of the Short Message Service, IN control relied on switch vendor specific extensions to the Intelligent Network Application Part (INAP) of SS7. This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Customised Applications for Mobile networks Enhanced Logic, or CAMEL for short, is a set of GSM standards designed to work on a GSM core network. ... The Intelligent Network or I.N., as it is more commonly referred to, is a network architecture for both fixed and mobile telecommunication networks. ... SCP or Service Control Point is a standard component of IN (Intelligent Networks) that is used to control the IN Service. ... Network Switching Subsystem, or NSS, is the component of a GSM system that carries out switching functions and manages the communications between mobile phones and the Public Switched Telephone Network. ... The Intelligent Network Application Part (INAP) is a signalling protocol used in the intelligent network architecture. ...

The first SMS message was sent over the Vodafone GSM network in the United Kingdom on 3 December 1992, from Neil Papworth of Airwide Solutions^[9] (using a personal computer) to Richard Jarvis of Vodafone (using an Orbitel 901 handset). The text of the message was "Merry Christmas".^[10] The first SMS typed on a GSM phone is claimed to have been sent by Riku Pihkonen, an engineering student at Nokia, in 1993.^[11] Vodafone Group Plc is a mobile network operator headquartered in Newbury, Berkshire, England, UK. It is the largest mobile telecommunications network company in the world by turnover and has a market value of about £84. ... is the 337th day of the year (338th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1992 (MCMXCII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar). ... Deutsche Telekom logo Orbitel is Bulgarias largest alternative wireline telecommunications and Internet service provider with national licenses for voice and data. ... This article is about the telecommunications corporation. ...

The first commercial deployment of an SMSC was by Acision with Nextel (then Fleetcall) in Los Angeles, in June of 1993, followed by Telenor in Norway^[12] and BT Cellnet (now O2 UK) later in 1993. .

Initial growth was slow, with customers in 1995 sending on average only 0.4 messages per GSM customer per month.^[13] One factor in the slow takeup of SMS was that operators were slow to set up charging systems, especially for prepaid subscribers, and eliminate billing fraud which was possible by changing SMSC settings on individual handsets to use the SMSCs of other operators^{[citation needed]}. A Short Message Service Center (SMSC) is a network element in the mobile telephone network which delivers SMS messages. ...

Over time, this issue was eliminated by switch-billing instead of billing at the SMSC and by new features within SMSCs to allow blocking of foreign mobile users sending messages through it. By the end of 2000, the average number of messages per user reached 35,^[13] and by 2007 an average of 9 million texts were sent every hour during New Year's Day in the UK alone.^[14]

It is also alleged that the fact that roaming customers, in the early days, rarely received bills for their SMSs after holidays abroad had a boost on text messaging as an alternative to voice calls^{[citation needed]}.

SMS was originally designed as part of GSM, but is now available on a wide range of networks, including 3G networks. However, not all text messaging systems use SMS, and some notable alternate implementations of the concept include J-Phone's SkyMail and NTT Docomo's Short Mail, both in Japan. E-mail messaging from phones, as popularized by NTT Docomo's i-mode and the RIM BlackBerry, also typically use standard mail protocols such as SMTP over TCP/IP. 3G is the third generation of mobile phone standards and technology, superseding 2G. It is based on the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) family of standards under the International Mobile Telecommunications programme, IMT-2000. ... SoftBank Mobile Corp. ... A building of NTT DoCoMo in Shinagawa, Tokyo. ... NTT DoCoMos i-mode is a wireless Internet service popular in Japan and is increasing in popularity in other parts of the world, such as the Israel (Cellcom being the main company to sell i-mode phones and service there). ... This article is about the fruit. ... Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) is the de facto standard for e-mail transmissions across the Internet. ... The Internet protocol suite is the set of communications protocols that implement the protocol stack on which the Internet and most commercial networks run. ...

SMS derives its benefit from ubiquity (every modern cellphone can use it) and simplicity (there is no separate "SMS address" to learn, as with email)^{[citation needed]}. These usability advantages balance the fact that SMS messages are occasionally delayed or even dropped; in practice, most messages arrive fairly quickly^{[citation needed]}.

Commercially SMS is a massive industry in 2006 worth over 80 billion dollars globally.^[15] SMS has an average global price of 11 cents and maintains a near 90% profit margin.^[16]

The matter of addictiveness of SMS text messaging was first suggested by Nokia in its 2001 global messaging study^{[citation needed]}. Ahonen in his book M-Profits in 2002 claimed that SMS was addictive and gave the reason for it to be "Reachability" ("Tavoitettavuus"). The first university study proof of the addiction was by the Catholic University of Leuven in Belgium in 2004 and a follow-up study by the Queensland University of Australia confirmed the finding and added that SMS text messaging was as addictive as cigarette smoking. Young people who suffer from SMS addiction show instances of lack of sleep (20% of youth wake up regularly to incoming SMS) and feelings of loneliness and insignificance if not receiving SMS messages^{[citation needed]}. Addicted users also feel compelled to check the phone constantly to see if messages have arrived^{[citation needed]}. There is growing belief that Blackberry wireless email users are showing similar addictive signs as SMS messaging users have^{[citation needed]}.

Technical details

GSM

Main article: Short message service technical realisation (GSM)

The Short Message Service - Point to Point (SMS-PP) is defined in GSM recommendation 03.40.^[2] GSM 03.41 defines the Short Message Service - Cell Broadcast (SMS-CB) which allows messages (advertising, public information, etc.) to be broadcast to all mobile users in a specified geographical area.^[17] Messages are sent to a Short Message Service Centre (SMSC) which provides a store-and-forward mechanism. It attempts to send messages to their recipients. If a recipient is not reachable, the SMSC queues the message for later retry. Some SMSCs also provide a "forward and forget" option where transmission is tried only once. Both Mobile Terminated (MT), for messages sent to a mobile handset, and Mobile Originating (MO), for those that are sent from the mobile handset, operations are supported. Message delivery is best effort, so there are no guarantees that a message will actually be delivered to its recipient and delay or complete loss of a message is not uncommon, particularly when sending between networks. Users may choose to request delivery reports, which can provide positive confirmation that the message has reached the intended recipient. The Short Message Service is realised by the use of the Mobile Application Part (MAP) of the SS#7 protocol, with Short Message protocol elements being transported across the network as fields within the MAP messages. ... A Short Message Service Center (SMSC) is a network element in the mobile telephone network which delivers SMS messages. ... Store and forward is a communications technique in which messages are sent to a intermediate station where they are kept and sent at a later time to the final destination or to another intermediate station. ... Best effort delivery describes a network service in which the network does not provide any guarantees that data is delivered or that a user is given a guaranteed quality of service level or a certain priority. ...

Transmission of short messages between the SMSC and the handset is done using the Mobile Application Part (MAP) of the SS7 protocol. Messages are sent with the MAP mo- and mt-ForwardSM operations, whose payload length is limited by the constraints of the signalling protocol to precisely 140 octets (140 octets = 140 * 8 bits = 1120 bits). Short messages can be encoded using a variety of alphabets: the default GSM 7-bit alphabet (shown below), the 8-bit data alphabet, and the 16-bit UTF-16/UCS-2 alphabet.^[18] Depending on which alphabet the subscriber has configured in the handset, this leads to the maximum individual Short Message sizes of 160 7-bit characters, 140 8-bit characters, or 70 16-bit characters (including spaces). Support of the GSM 7-bit alphabet is mandatory for GSM handsets and network elements,^[18] but characters in languages such as Arabic, Chinese, Korean, Japanese or Cyrillic alphabet languages (e.g. Russian) must be encoded using the 16-bit UCS-2 character encoding (see Unicode). Routing data and other metadata is additional to the payload size. Mobile Application Part ... Signaling System #7 (SS7) is a set of telephony signaling protocols which are used to set up the vast majority of the worlds PSTN telephone calls. ... In computing, an octet is a grouping of eight bits. ... This article is about the unit of information. ... In computing, UTF-16 is a variable-length (16 or 32 bits) character encoding. ... This article is about the unit of information. ... In computing, UCS-2 and UTF-16 are alternative names for a 16-bit Unicode Transformation Format, a character encoding form that provides a way to represent a series of abstract characters from Unicode and ISO/IEC 10646 as a series of 16-bit words suitable for storage or transmission... A character encoding consists of a code that pairs a sequence of characters from a given character set (sometimes referred to as code page) with something else, such as a sequence of natural numbers, octets or electrical pulses, in order to facilitate the storage of text in computers and the... The Unicode Standard, Version 5. ... This article is about routing in computer networks. ... Metadata is data about data. ...

Look up @ in Wiktionary, the free dictionary A commercial at, @, also called an at symbol, an at sign, or just at, is a symbolic abbreviation for the word at. ... This article is about the currency symbol. ... $ redirects here. ... Japanese 10 yen coin (obverse) showing Phoenix Hall of Byodoin Yen is the currency used in Japan. ... È can be: The letter E with a Grave accent. ... (e-acute) is a letter of Hungarian, Icelandic, Kashubian, Czech, Slovak, and Uyghur language. ... The grave accent ( ` ) is a diacritic mark used in written Greek until 1982 (polytonic orthography), French, Catalan, Welsh, Italian, Vietnamese, Scottish Gaelic, Norwegian, Portuguese, and other languages. ... The grave accent ( ` ) is a diacritic mark used in written Greek until 1982 (polytonic orthography), French, Catalan, Welsh, Italian, Vietnamese, Scottish Gaelic, Norwegian, Portuguese, and other languages. ... 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The symbol ″, while technically the double-prime, is also used to mean inch. ... Number sign is one name for the symbol #, and is the preferred Unicode name for the codepoint represented by that glyph. ... The currency sign (¤) is the character used by any societies when the symbol for their own currency is unavailable. ... A percentage is a way of expressing a proportion, a ratio or a fraction as a whole number, by using 100 as the denominator. ... An ampersand (&), also commonly called an and sign is a logogram representing the conjunction and. ... An apostrophe ( ’ ) is a punctuation and sometimes diacritic mark in languages written in the Latin alphabet. ... For technical reasons, :) and some similar combinations starting with : redirect here. ... For technical reasons, :) and some similar combinations starting with : redirect here. ... This article is about the typographical symbol. ... The plus (+) and minus (−) signs are used universally to represent the operations of addition and subtraction, and have been extended to many other meanings, more or less analogous. ... For other uses, see Comma. ... This article is about the punctuation mark. ... A full stop or period (sometimes stop, full point, decimal point, or dot), is the punctuation mark commonly placed at the end of several different types of sentences in English and many other languages. ... Due to technical limitations, /. redirects here. ... Zero redirects here. ... This article is about the number one. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... This article is about the number. ... This article discusses the number Four. ... Look up five in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Look up six in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Seven Days of Creation - 1765 book, title page 7 (seven) is the natural number following 6 and preceding 8. ... 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For other uses of Y, see Y (disambiguation). ... Look up Z, z in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Ä, or ä, is a character which represents either a letter from several extended Latin alphabets, or the letter A with umlaut or diaeresis. ... Ö, or ö, is a character used in several extended Latin alphabets, or the letter O with umlaut or diaeresis. ... Ñ and ñ in Arial and Times New Roman, with an example word from Panare Ñ is a letter of the modern Roman alphabet formed by an N with a diacritical tilde. ... Ãœ, or ü, is a character which represents either a letter from several extended Latin alphabets, or the letter U with umlaut or diaeresis. ... The grave accent ( ` ) is a diacritic mark used in written Greek until 1982 (polytonic orthography), French, Catalan, Welsh, Italian, Vietnamese, Scottish Gaelic, Norwegian, Portuguese, and other languages. ... In computing, form feed is one of control characters in ASCII.  It forces the printer to eject the current page and to continue printing at the top of another. ... For other uses, see Caret (disambiguation). ... For technical reasons, :) and some similar combinations starting with : redirect here. ... For technical reasons, :) and some similar combinations starting with : redirect here. ... The backslash ( ) is a typographical mark (glyph) used chiefly in computing. ... For technical reasons, :) and some similar combinations starting with : redirect here. ... For the baseball player known as the Big Tilde, see Magglio Ordóñez. ... For technical reasons, :) and some similar combinations starting with : redirect here. ... 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Message size

The maximum single text message size is either 160 7-bit characters, 140 8-bit characters, or 70 16-bit characters. Characters in languages such as Arabic, Chinese, Korean, Japanese or Slavic languages (e.g., Russian) must be encoded using the 16-bit UCS-2 character encoding (see Unicode). In computing, UCS-2 and UTF-16 are alternative names for a 16-bit Unicode Transformation Format, a character encoding form that provides a way to represent a series of abstract characters from Unicode and ISO/IEC 10646 as a series of 16-bit words suitable for storage or transmission... A character encoding consists of a code that pairs a sequence of characters from a given character set (sometimes referred to as code page) with something else, such as a sequence of natural numbers, octets or electrical pulses, in order to facilitate the storage of text in computers and the... The Unicode Standard, Version 5. ...

Larger content (Concatenated SMS, multipart or segmented SMS or "long sms") can be sent using multiple messages, in which case each message will start with a user data header (UDH) containing segmentation information. Since UDH is inside the payload, the number of characters per segment is lower: 153 for 7-bit encoding, 134 for 8-bit encoding and 67 for 16-bit encoding. The receiving handset is then responsible for reassembling the message and presenting it to the user as one long message. While the standard theoretically permits up to 255 segments, 6 to 8 segment messages are the practical maximum, and long messages are often billed as equivalent to multiple SMS messages. See Concatenated SMS for more information.

SMS Gateway providers

This section does not cite any references or sources. (June 2008) Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unverifiable material may be challenged and removed.

SMS gateway providers facilitate the SMS traffic between businesses and mobile subscribers, being mainly responsible for carrying mission-critical messages, SMS for enterprises, content delivery and entertainment services involving SMS, e.g. TV voting. Considering SMS messaging performance and cost, as well as the level of messaging services, SMS gateway providers can be classified as aggregators or SS7 providers. Signalling System #7 is a set of protocols defined by ITU-T, specifically in the Q.7* set of documents, used to set up telephone calls. ...

The aggregator model is based on multiple agreements with mobile carriers to exchange 2-way SMS traffic into and out of the operator’s SMS platform (Short Message Service Centre – SMS-C), also known as local termination model. Aggregators lack direct access into the SS7 protocol, which is the protocol where the SMS messages are exchanged. These providers have no visibility and control over the message delivery, being unable to offer delivery guarantees. SMS messages are delivered in the operator’s SMS-C, but not the subscriber’s handset. A Short Message Service Center (SMSC) is a network element in the mobile telephone network which delivers SMS messages. ... Signalling System #7 is a set of protocols defined by ITU-T, specifically in the Q.7* set of documents, used to set up telephone calls. ...

Another type of SMS gateway provider is based on SS7 connectivity to route SMS messages, also known as international termination model. The advantage of this model is the ability to route data directly through SS7, which gives the provider total control and visibility of the complete path during the SMS routing. This means SMS messages can be sent directly to and from recipients without having to go through the SMS-Centres of other mobile operators. Therefore, it’s possible to avoid delays and message losses, offering full delivery guarantees of messages and optimised routing. This model is particularly efficient when used in mission-critical messaging and SMS used in corporate communications. Signalling System #7 is a set of protocols defined by ITU-T, specifically in the Q.7* set of documents, used to set up telephone calls. ... Signalling System #7 is a set of protocols defined by ITU-T, specifically in the Q.7* set of documents, used to set up telephone calls. ...

The University of Duisburg-Essen, in partnership with mobile messaging provider Tyntec, have developed the study for SMS messaging to enable the detailed monitoring of SMS transmissions to ensure a greater degree of reliability and a higher average speed of delivery. The new parameters can be used by mobile network operators, third party SMS gateways and mobile network infrastructure software vendors to monitor the transmission of SMS messages and to detect network transmission problems quickly and accurately. Based on this study, Tyntec developed relevant Service Level Agreement (SLA) to support the delivery of high quality messaging applications to enterprises, banks and financial institutions and various industry sectors. This article does not cite any references or sources. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Service Level Agreement (SLA) is that part of a service contract where the level of service is formally defined. ...

Interconnectivity with other networks

Message Service Centres communicate with the Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN) or PSTN via Interworking and Gateway MSCs. In telecommunication, a public land mobile network (PLMN) is a network that is established and operated by an administration or by a recognized operating agency (ROA) for the specific purpose of providing land mobile telecommunications services to the public. ... The public switched telephone network (PSTN) is the network of the worlds public circuit-switched telephone networks, in much the same way that the Internet is the network of the worlds public IP-based packet-switched networks. ... Network Switching Subsystem, or NSS, is the component of a GSM system that carries out switching functions and manages the communications between mobile phones and the Public Switched Telephone Network. ...

Subscriber-originated messages are transported from a handset to a Service Centre, and may be destined for mobile users, subscribers on a fixed network, or Value-Added Service Providers (VASPs), also known as application-terminated. Subscriber-terminated messages are transported from the Service Centre to the destination handset, and may originate from mobile users, from fixed network subscribers, or from other sources such as VASPs. A value-added service (VAS) is a telecommunications industry term for non-core services or, in short, all services beyond standard voice calls. ...

It is also possible for non-subscribers to send messages to a subscriber's phone using E-Mail. Cingular, T-Mobile and others offer the ability to do this through their websites mail server. For example if you wished to E-Mail a Cingular subscriber whose phone number was 999-999-9999, you would address the message to 9999999999@mobile.mycingular.com. You are not required to pay to send the message, however the 140 character limit still applies.

Text enabled fixed-line handsets are required to receive messages in text format. However, messages can be delivered to non-enabled phones using text-to-speech conversion.^[19] Speech synthesis is the artificial production of human speech. ...

Short messages can also be used to send binary content such as ringtones or logos, as well as Over-the-air programming (OTA) or configuration data. Such uses are a vendor-specific extension of the GSM specification and there are multiple competing standards, although Nokia's Smart Messaging is by far the most common. An alternative way for sending such binary content is EMS messaging which is standardised and not dependent on vendors. A ringtone or ring tone is the sound made by a telephone to indicate an incoming call. ... Over-the-air programming (OTA), also known as over-the-air service provisioning (OTASP), over-the-air provisioning (OTAP) or over-the-air parameter administration (OTAPA), is a method of distributing new software updates to cellphones or provisioning handsets with the necessary settings with which to access services such as... This article is about the telecommunications corporation. ... Its a protocol designed by Intel and Nokia, and by which various software upgrades -- including ringtones -- can be made over the air, through your wireless connection. ... Abbreviated as EMS, an application-level extension to Short Message Service (SMS) for cellular phones available on GSM, TDMA and CDMA networks. ...

Today, SMS is also used for machine to machine communication. For instance, there is an LED display machine controlled by SMS, and some vehicle tracking companies use SMS for their data transport or telemetry needs. SMS usage for these purposes are slowly being superseded by GPRS services due to their lower overall costs^{[citation needed]}. This article is about devices that perform tasks. ... For other uses, see Communication (disambiguation). ... Italic textA vehicle tracking system is an electronic device installed in a vehicle to enable the owner or a third party to track the vehicles location. ... Telemetry is a technology that allows the remote measurement and reporting of information of interest to the system designer or operator. ... General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) is a Mobile Data Service available to users of Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) and IS-136 mobile phones. ...

AT commands

Many mobile and satellite transceiver units support the sending and receiving of SMS using an extended version of the Hayes command set The connection between the Terminal Equipment and the transceiver can be realized with a serial cable (i.e. USB), a Bluetooth link, an infrared link, etc. Common AT commands include AT+CMGS (send message), AT+CMSS (send message from storage), AT+CMGL (list messages) and AT+CMGR (read message).^[20] This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Note: USB may also mean upper sideband in radio. ... Bluetooth logo This article is about the electronic protocol named after Harald Bluetooth Gormson. ... For other uses, see Infrared (disambiguation). ...

Premium-rated short messages

Short messages may be used to provide premium rate services to subscribers of a telephone network.

Mobile terminated short messages can be used to deliver digital content such as news alerts, financial information, logos and ring tones. The Value-added service provider (VASP) providing the content submits the message to the mobile operator's SMSC(s) using a TCP/IP protocol such as the short message peer-to-peer protocol (SMPP) or the External Machine Interface (EMI). The SMSC delivers the text using the normal Mobile Terminated delivery procedure. The subscribers are charged extra for receiving this premium content, and the amount is typically divided between the mobile network operator and the VASP either through revenue share or a fixed transport fee. A value-added service (VAS) is a telecommunications industry term for non-core services or, in short, all services beyond standard voice calls. ... The Internet protocol suite is the set of communications protocols that implement the protocol stack on which the Internet and most commercial networks run. ... The short message peer-to-peer protocol (SMPP) is a telecommunications industry protocol for exchanging SMS messages between SMS peer entities such as short message service centres. ... External Machine Interface (EMI), also known as the Universal Computer Protocol (UCP), is a protocol primarily used to connect to short message service centres for mobile telephones. ... A mobile network operator, also known as wireless service provider, wireless carrier, mobile phone operator, or cellular company, is a telephone company that provides services for mobile phone subscribers. ...

Mobile originated short messages may also be used in a premium-rated manner for services such as televoting. In this case, the VASP providing the service obtains a Short Code from the telephone network operator, and subscribers send texts to that number. The payouts to the carriers vary by carrier and the percentages paid are greatest on the lowest priced premium SMS services. Most information providers should expect to pay about 45% of the cost of the premium SMS up front to the carrier. The submission of the text to the SMSC is identical to a standard MO Short Message submission, but once the text is at the SMSC, the Service Centre identifies the Short Code as a premium service. The SC will then direct the content of the text message to the VASP, typically using an IP protocol such as SMPP or EMI. Subscribers are charged a premium for the sending of such messages, with the revenue typically shared between the network operator and the VASP. Limitations of short codes include the limitation to national borders (short codes have to be activated in each country where the campaign takes place), as well as being expensive to sign up together with mobile operators. Televoting or televote is the telephone voting in the Eurovision Song Contest. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... The Internet protocol suite is the set of communications protocols that implement the protocol stack on which the Internet and most commercial networks run. ...

An alternative to inbound SMS is based on Long numbers (international number format, e.g. +44 7624 805000),which can be used in place of short codes for SMS reception in several applications, such as TV voting, product promotions and campaigns. Long numbers are internationally available, as well as enabling businesses to have their own number, rather than short codes which are usually shared across a lot of brands. Additionally, Long numbers are non-premium inbound numbers.

See also: Reverse SMS billing, Mobile search Reverse SMS billing means that the owner of the recipient phone rather than the message sender is charged for the cost of the SMS message received. ... Mobile Search is an evolving service centred around the convergence of search engines and mobile phones. ...

SMS in satellite phone networks

All commercial Satellite phone networks except ACeS and OptusSat fully support SMS^{[citation needed]}. While early Iridium handsets only support incoming SMS later models can also send them. The price per message varies for the different networks and is usually between 25 and 50 cent per message. Unlike some mobile phone networks there is no extra charge for sending international SMS or to send one to a different satellite phone network. SMS can sometimes be sent from areas where the signal is too poor to make a voice call. A satellite telephone, satellite phone, or satphone is a mobile phone that communicates directly with orbiting communications satellites. ... ACeS is an Asia-specific satellite telecommunications company that operates 2 satellites Garuda 1 launched on February 12, 2000 and Garuda 2 which is a ground spare. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... An Iridium phone (without the aerial) The Iridium satellite constellation is a system of 66 active communication satellites and spares around the Earth. ... Look up centi- in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

Satellite phone networks usually have a web-based or email-based SMS portals where one can send free SMS to phones on that particular network.

Vulnerabilities

In October 2005, researchers from Pennsylvania State University published an analysis of vulnerabilities in SMS-capable cellular networks. The researchers speculated that attackers might exploit the open functionality of these networks to disrupt them or cause them to fail, possibly on a nationwide scale. This article is about the state-related university. ...

Please help improve this section by expanding it. Further information might be found on the talk page or at requests for expansion.

Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ...

See also

• 4INFO - search engine
• Telegram
• Thumbing

This article is being considered for deletion in accordance with Wikipedias deletion policy. ... Telegraphy (from the Greek words tele = far away and grapho = write) is the long distance transmission of written messages without physical transport of letters, originally over wire. ... Thumbing is the act of typing on a small keyboard solely (or primarily) using your thumbs. ...

Details

• Short Message Service Centre (SMSC)
• Short message service technical realisation (GSM)
• SMS gateways (sending texts to or from devices other than phones)

A Short Message Service Center (SMSC) is a network element in the mobile telephone network which delivers SMS messages. ... The Short Message Service is realised by the use of the Mobile Application Part (MAP) of the SS#7 protocol, with Short Message protocol elements being transported across the network as fields within the MAP messages. ... SMS gateways allow for the sending and receiving of SMS messages to or from devices and used to provide SMS network connectivity to third parties. ...

Related protocols

• 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP)
• Enhanced Messaging Service (EMS)
• Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS) (a newer standard)
• Short message peer-to-peer protocol (SMPP)
• External Machine Interface (EMI), an extension to the Universal Computer Protocol (UCP)
• WAP Push

This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Abbreviated as EMS, an application-level extension to Short Message Service (SMS) for cellular phones available on GSM, TDMA and CDMA networks. ... For the Microsoft Media Server (MMS) protocol, see Microsoft Media Services. ... The short message peer-to-peer protocol (SMPP) is a telecommunications industry protocol for exchanging SMS messages between SMS peer entities such as short message service centres. ... External Machine Interface (EMI), also known as the Universal Computer Protocol (UCP), is a protocol primarily used to connect to short message service centres for mobile telephones. ... WAP is an open international standard for applications that use wireless communication. ...

Related technology

• BlackBerry
• Instant messaging
• Mobile dating
• Short code
• USSD

This article is about the fruit. ... // Instant messaging (IM) is a form of real-time communication between two or more people based on typed text. ... There are very few or no other articles that link to this one. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Unstructured Supplementary Service Data is a capability of all GSM phones. ...

References

“PDF” redirects here. ... A kibibyte (a contraction of kilo binary byte) is a unit of information or computer storage, commonly abbreviated KiB (never kiB). 1 kibibyte = 210 bytes = 1,024 bytes The kibibyte is closely related to the kilobyte, which can be used either as a synonym for kibibyte or to refer to... The International Herald Tribune is a widely read English language international newspaper. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 1st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:

Short message service

• 3GPP - The organization that maintains the SMS specification.
• SMS, the strange duckling of GSMPDF (101 KiB)
• ISO Standards (In Zip file format)
• GSM 03.38 to Unicode - the official GSM 03.38 to Unicode mapping data file
• Bringing about a better quality of SMS