A short film (also short or short subject) is a motion picture that is shorter than the average feature film. Definition of maximum length vary from 40 minutes (AMPAS rule) to about 80 minutes. The short-form film is to the full length film what the short story is to a full-fledged novel.
The short film, in theatrical environment usually shown prior to the feature, is usually less complex and covers only one main or a limited number of narrative arcs and threads. Most films of this genre focus on one character or show one special incident. The structure often resembles that of a joke or stories usually told by word of mouth. The short film is able to focus on difficult topics full-length films usually avoid. Its filmmakers benefit from larger freedoms and can take higher risks with their films.
The genre itself splits into several sub-categories, mainly:
Today short films are usually shown on dedicated short-film festivals rather than prior to features (a habit Pixar seems to change). They are popular as first steps into the cinematic art among young filmmakers. As well, short film making is growing in popularity among users outside the traditional short film scene who are taking advantage of broadbandInternet connections and affordable equipment such as "prosumer" or semi-professional cameras (now costing under USD 3,000) and PCs with free or low-cost software capable of video editing, post-production work, and DVD authoring.
The roots of the short film genre lie deep in cinematic history itself. The earliest examples of motion pictures were short films. The first shows of the brothers Lumière were merely a few minutes long. It took several years until the multi-reel film and later the full-length film took over.
External links
AtomFilms (http://atomfilms.shockwave.com/af/home/) a popular short film portal and one of the pioneers on the net
iFilm (http://www.ifilm.com) No.2 in short films on the net
the9th (http://www.the9th.com) short quicktime movies
Clipland Short Film (http://www.clipland.com/shortfilm.html) database of nearly 10,000 films
Hypnotic (http://www.hypnotic.com) on- and offline publisher of short films
LA Freewaves (http://www.freewaves.org) experimental new media festival
Shortsubject is an American film industry term that historically has referred to any film in the format of two reels, or approximately 20 minutes running time, or less.
Shortsubjects could be live action or animated; comedy was particularly utilized as their style, and well-known comedians such as Charlie Chaplin, Buster Keaton, Laurel and Hardy and others are best known from shortsubject films.
These shorts and others were produced in-house by, or financed by, motion picture companies that either owned their own theater chains (for example, Loews Theatres), or forced theaters to take their shorts by selling them in the same unalterable package as their big-name features.
A short form is a written document stating that the elements of informed consent required by 45 CFR 46.116 have been presented to and understood by the subject or the subject's legally authorized representative.
A short form may be used when the majority of subjects in a study are English speakers, but there are a portion of the subjects who will not be able to understand the consent form written in English.
A short form written consent document stating that the elements of informed consent required by 46.116 have been presented orally to the subject or the subject's legally authorized representative.
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