Shoshenq (also commonly spelled Sheshonq, Sheshonk, or Shoshenk) is the name given in English transliteration to a number of Egyptian pharaohs of Libyan (i.e., Berber) origin who ruled during the Third Intermediate Period: Shoshenq (also commonly spelled Sheshonq, Sheshonk, or Shoshenk) is the name given in English transliteration to a number of Egyptian pharaohs of Libyan (, Berber) origin who ruled during the Third Intermediate Period: 22nd Dynasty Shoshenq I; some Egyptologists identify as the Shishaq of the Hebrew Bible (though others dispute this... Pharaoh (Arabic فرعون ; Hebrew פַּרְעֹה ; Geez ፈርዖን Färʻon) is a title used to refer to the rulers of Egypt in the pre-Christian and pre-Islamic period. ... The Berbers (also called Imazighen, free men, singular Amazigh) are an ethnic group indigenous to Northwest Africa, speaking the Berber languages of the Afroasiatic family. ... The Third Intermediate Period is a phrase used to refer the period of the history of Ancient Egypt from the death of pharaoh Rameses XI in 1070 BC to the foundation of the Twenty-sixth Dynasty by Psamtik I, following the expulsion of the Nubian rulers of the Twenty-fifth...

22nd Dynasty

• Shoshenq I: some Egyptologists identify as the Shishaq of the Hebrew Bible (though others dispute this)
• Shoshenq II
• Shoshenq III
• Shoshenq IV
• Shoshenq V
• Tutkheperre Shoshenq: a new Dynasty 22 king who is attested at Bubastis and Abydos. He may be one of the unknown "3 kings" that Manetho places between Osorkon I and Takelot I, the other being Shoshenq II.

A number of other kings named "Shoshenq" have been proposed as well, though their acceptance by Egyptologists is varied. The only certainly attested king in this category is Shoshenq VI who was Pedubast I's successor at Thebes. His royal name was 'Usermaatre Meryamun Shoshenq.' Shoshenq VI's Year 4 and Year 6 are attested in an inscription at the Temple of Monthu at Karnak and in Nile Quay Text No.25 respectively. In addition to the various kings named Shoshenq, there were important state officials including High Priests bearing the same name from the Third Intermediate Period to the Ptolemaic Period. One of the most important of these people was the High Priest of Amun Shoshenq C, son of Osorkon I, who served in office during his father's reign at Thebes. Known rulers, in the History of Egypt, for the Twenty-Second Dynasty. ... nomen or birth name Hedjkheperre Setepenre Shoshenq I (Egyptian Å¡Å¡nq), also known as Sheshonk or Sheshonq I (for discussion of the spelling, see Shoshenq), was a Meshwesh Libyan king of Egypt and founder of the Twenty-second Dynasty. ... Shishaq (Šîšaq שׁישׁק) is the biblical Hebrew form of the ancient Egyptian name of a pharaoh. ... 11th century manuscript of the Hebrew Bible with Targum This article discusses usage of the term Hebrew Bible. For the article on the Hebrew Bible itself, see Tanakh. ... Heqakheperre Shoshenq II was an Egyptian king of the 22nd dynasty. ... King Usimare Setepenamun Shoshenq III ruled Egypts 22nd Dynasty for 39 Years according to contemporary historical records. ... Hedjkheperre Setepenre Shoshenq IV ruled Egypts 22nd Dynasty between the reigns of Shoshenq III and Pami. ... Shoshenq V was the final king of the Twenty-second dynasty of Egypt of Meshwesh Libyans. ... King Tutkheperre or Tutkheperra Shoshenq was an obscure Third Intermediate Period Libyan king whose existence was previously unknown. ... The Twenty-second (22nd) dynasty or Dynasty 22 ruled between 945 BC or 943 BC and 720 BC. Their kings were Meshwesh Libyans who had settled in Egypt since the 20th dynasty). ... The son of Shoshenq I and Queen Karomama, Sekhemkheperre Osorkon I was the second king of Egypts 22nd Dynasty and ruled around 922 BC-887 BC. He succeeded his father Shoshenq I who died within 2-3 years of his successful 925 BC Biblical campaign against Ancient Israel and... Hedjkheperre Setepenre Takelot I was a son of Osorkon I and Queen Tashedkhons, and the father of Osorkon II. He ruled Egypt for 13 Years according to Manetho. ... Heqakheperre Shoshenq II was an Egyptian king of the 22nd dynasty. ... An Egyptologist is any archaeologist, historian, linguist, or art historian who specializes in Egyptology, the scientific study of Ancient Egypt and its antiquities. ... Shoshenq VI is known to be Pedubast Is immediate successor at Thebes based upon the career of the Letter Writer to Pharaoh Hor IX, who served under Osorkon II and Pedubast I (see Hor IXs statue--CGC 42226--which is explicitly dated to Pedubasts reign). ... Shoshenq VI is known to be Pedubast Is immediate successor at Thebes based upon the career of the Letter Writer to Pharaoh Hor IX, who served under Osorkon II and Pedubast I (see Hor IXs statue--CGC 42226--which is explicitly dated to Pedubasts reign). ... The Third Intermediate Period is a phrase used to refer the period of the history of Ancient Egypt from the death of pharaoh Rameses XI in 1070 BC to the foundation of the Twenty-sixth Dynasty by Psamtik I, following the expulsion of the Nubian rulers of the Twenty-fifth... The Ptolemaic dynasty was a Greek royal family which ruled over Egypt for nearly 300 years, from 305 BC to 30 BC. Ptolemy, a Macedonian and one of Alexander the Greats generals, was appointed satrap of Egypt after Alexanders death in 323 BC. In 305 BC he declared... Shoshenq C was the eldest son of Osorkon I and served as the High Priest of Amun at Thebes during his fathers reign. ...

The Renderings of Shoshenq in English

Because vowels are not generally written in the ancient Egyptian language, the exact pronunciation of this name has caused some amount of controversy, and it is common to see both Shoshenq and Sheshonq used in English-language publications. There is, however, some evidence indicating that Shoshenq is preferable. Written records of the ancient Egyptian language have been dated from about 3200 BC. Egyptian is a a negro african Coptic language. ...

First of all, it must be stated that the name "Shoshenq" originates in an ancient Libyco-Berber language, perhaps related to the Numidian language used during the time of the Roman Empire. Unfortunately, unlike some other Libyan rulers of Ancient Egypt, there is no name in the corpus of Old Libyco-Berber text that might be an equivalent to the Egyptian rendering of the name. The Berber languages (or Tamazight) are a group of closely related languages mainly spoken in Morocco and Algeria. ... Numidia was an ancient African Berber kingdom and later a Roman province on the northern coast of Africa between the province of Africa (where Tunisia is now) and the province of Mauretania (which is now the western part of Algerias coastal area). ... For other uses, see Roman Empire (disambiguation). ... Khafres Pyramid (4th dynasty) and Great Sphinx of Giza (c. ...

In the ancient Egyptian language, the name was generally written (with variants): Written records of the ancient Egyptian language have been dated from about 3200 BC. Egyptian is a a negro african Coptic language. ...

Egyptologists conventionally transliterate this as ššnq. It should be noted that in ancient Egyptian texts, writings without the <n> and/or (less commonly) the <q> are not uncommon. For example, the name is recorded in the Neo-Assyrian dialect of Akkadian as šusanqu and susinqu, indicating an initial rounded vowel. It is generally considered that the evidence suggests rendering it as "Sheshonq" should be avoided, in favour of "Shoshenq". See also Kitchen [1996], §58, note 356. An Egyptologist is any archaeologist, historian, linguist, or art historian who specializes in Egyptology, the scientific study of Ancient Egypt and its antiquities. ... In the field of Egyptology, transliteration is the process of converting (or mapping) texts written in the Egyptian language to alphabetic symbols representing uniliteral hieroglyphs or their hieratic and demotic counterparts. ... Akkadian (lišānum akkadÄ«tum) was a Semitic language (part of the greater Afro-Asiatic language family) spoken in ancient Mesopotamia, particularly by the Assyrians and Babylonians. ...

The writings of Manetho, as recorded by the Byzantine historians Sextus Julius Africanus, Eusebius of Caesarea, and George Syncellus use two general forms (with variations depending on the manuscript). Africanus spells the name Σεσωγχις [Sesōnkhis], while Eusebius (as quoted by George Syncellus) uses Σεσογχωσις [Sesonkhōsis]. The alteration in the vowels is probably due to metathesis. Manetho, also known as Manethon of Sebennytos, was an Egyptian historian and priest from Sebennytos who lived during the Ptolematic era, circa 3rd century BC. Manetho recorded Aegyptiaca (History of Egypt). ... Byzantine Empire (Greek: Βυζαντινή Αυτοκρατορία) is the term conventionally used since the 19th century to describe the Greek-speaking Roman Empire during the Middle Ages, centered at its capital in Constantinople. ... Sextus Julius Africanus, a Christian traveller and historian of the 3rd century, was probably born in Libya, and may have served under Septimius Severus against the Osrhoenians in AD 195. ... Eusebius of Caesarea Eusebius of Caesarea (~275 – May 30, 339) (often called Eusebius Pamphili, Eusebius [the friend] of Pamphilus) was a bishop of Caesarea in Palestine and is often referred to as the father of church history because of his work in recording the history of the early Christian church. ... George Syncellus (died after 810) was a Byzantine chronicler and ecclesiastic. ... Metathesis is a sound change that alters the order of phonemes in a word. ...

Sources

• Dodson, Aidan M. 1995. “Rise & Fall of The House of Shoshenq: The Libyan Centuries of Egyptian History.” KMT: A Modern Journal of Ancient Egypt 6 (3):52–67.

• Kenneth Kitchen [1996]. The Third Intermediate Period in Egypt (1100–650 BC). 3rd ed. Warminster: Aris & Phillips Limited. ISBN 0856682985

• Von Beckerath, J. [1997]. Chronologie des Pharaonischen Ägypten, Mainz: Philip Von Zabern.