Shoshone speaking Native Americans occupy areas of Wyoming, Utah, Nevada, and Idaho. The number of people who speak Shoshone has been steadily dwindling over the last few decades, so there are only a few hundred people who speak the language fluently today, although a few thousand know it to one degree or another.
Shoshone is northernmost member of the large Uto-Aztecan language family, which includes over thirty languages whose speakers originally inhabited a vast territory stretching from the Salmon River in central Idaho down into northern and central Mexico. Shoshone belongs to the Numic subbranch of Uto-Aztecan. The word Numic comes from the cognate word in all Numic languages for "Person". For example, in Shoshone the word is "neme", in Panamint it is "nümü", and in Southern Paiute the word is "nuwuvi".
The grammar of Shoshone is very different from English. It is an agglutinating language, in which words, especially verbs, tend to be quite complex with several morphemes (meaningful elements of sound) strung together.
Shoshone speaking tribes consist of a loose affiliation of clans and groups. Each tribe occupies a specific area of land.
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Shoshoni Indians that did not have horses were called Shoshoko and were said to have eaten grasshoppers.
To Shoshoni Indians, fighting with other Indian tribes was a way of life, but after horses came into their environment, most fighting was centered on stealing as many horses as you could from the other tribes.
The Shoshoni Indians signed a treaty on August 7, 1855 in good faith, but the US Government refused to ratify the treaty because it was felt that Garland Hunt, who was the Indian Agent overstepped his authority in offering the Shoshoni Indians the treaty.
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