- This article is about the body part. See hard shoulder for the road segment.
In human anatomy, the shoulder comprises the part of the body where the arm attaches to the torso. It is made up of three bones: the clavicle (collarbone), the scapula (shoulder blade), and the humerus (upper arm bone) as well as associated muscles, ligaments and tendons. The articulations between the bones of the shoulder make up the shoulder joints. The shoulder must be flexible for the wide range of motion required in the arms and hands and also strong to allow for actions such as lifting, pushing and pulling. Image File history File links Shoulderjoint. ...
Image File history File links Gray327. ...
Latin is an ancient Indo-European language originally spoken in Latium, the region immediately surrounding Rome. ...
Elseviers logo. ...
A hard shoulder or simply shoulder is a reserved area alongside the verge of a road or motorway. ...
Human anatomy or anthropotomy is a special field within anatomy. ...
Collarbone and collar bone redirect here. ...
Left scapula - front view () Left scapula - rear view () In anatomy, the scapula, or shoulder blade, is the bone that connects the humerus (arm bone) with the clavicle (collar bone). ...
The humerus is a long bone in the arm or fore-legs (animals) that runs from the shoulder to the elbow. ...
Joints of the shoulder There are three joints of the shoulder: The glenohumeral, acromioclavicular, and the sternoclavicular joints. This does not cite its references or sources. ...
This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...
The sternoclavicular articulation is a double arthrodial joint. ...
Glenohumeral joint The glenohumeral joint is the main joint of the shoulder and the generic term "shoulder joint" usually refers to it. It is a ball-and-socket joint that allows the arm to rotate in a circular fashion or to hinge out and up away from the body. It is formed by the articulation between the head of the humerus and the lateral scapula. The "ball" of the joint is the rounded, medial anterior surface of the humerus and the "socket" is formed by the glenoid fossa, the dish-shaped portion of the latter scapula. A joint (articulation) is the location at which two bones make contact (articulate). ...
Glenoid fossa redirects here, for the other use of Glenoid fossa please see mandibular fossa. ...
The capsule is a soft tissue envelope that encircles the glenohumeral joint and attaches to the scapula, humerus, and head of the biceps. It is lined by a thin, smooth synovial membrane. This capsule is strengthened by the coracohumeral ligament which attaches the coracoid process of the scapula to the greater tubercle of the humerus. There are also three other ligaments attaching the lesser tubercle of the humerus to lateral scapula and are collectively called the glenohumeral ligaments. The joint capsules or articular capsules form complete envelopes for the freely movable bone joints. ...
The synovium or synovial membrane is a thin, weak layer of tissue which lines the non-cartilaginous surfaces within the joint space, sealing it from the surrounding tissue. ...
There is also a ligament called semicirculare humeri which is a transversal band between tuberculum minus and majus of the humerus( between posterior sides of these tuberculi). This band is one of the most important strengtening ligaments of the joint capsule.
Acromioclavicular joint The acromioclavicular (AC) joint is located between the acromion process of the scapula (part of the scapula that forms the highest point of the shoulder) and the distal end of the clavicle. The acromioclavicular joint, or AC joint, is a joint at the top of the shoulder. ...
The acromion process, or simply the acromion, is an anatomical feature on the scapula. ...
The capsule of this joint is reinforced by the coracoclavicular ligament between the scapula and clavicle at the point of articulation.
Sternoclavicular joint The sternoclavicular occurs at the medial end of the clavicle with the manubrium or top most portion of the sternum. The clavicle is triangular and rounded and the manubrium is convex the two bones articulate. The sternoclavicular articulation is a double arthrodial joint. ...
Sternum or breastbone is a long, flat bone located in the center of the thorax (chest). ...
Movements of the shoulder The shoulder is capable of a wide range of motion. Just the scapula itself is capable of 6 types of movements: lateral and medial movement, elevation (upward motion), depression (downward motion), and rotation which simultaneously move the clavicle. The combination of the movement of the scapula with the arm muscles gives a wide range of motion to the arm. The shoulder joints aid the arm in flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction as well as lateral and medial rotation.
Major muscles The muscles that are responsible for movement in the shoulder attach to the scapula, humerus, and clavicle. | Name | Attachments | Function | | serratus anterior | Originates on the surface of the upper eight ribs at the side of the chest and inserts along the entire anterior length of the medial border of the scapula. | It fixes the scapula into the thoracic wall and aids in rotation and abduction of the shoulders. | | subclavius | Located inferior to the clavicle, originating on the first rib and inserting on the subclavian groove of the clavicle. | It depresses the lateral clavicle and also acts to stabilize the clavicle. | | pectoralis minor | Arises from the third, fourth, and fifth ribs, near their cartilage and inserts into the medial border and upper surface of the coracoid process of the scapula. | This muscle aids in respiration, medially rotates the scapula, protracts the scapula, and also draws the scapula inferiorly. | | sternocleidomastoid | Attaches to the sternum (sterno-), the clavicle (cleido-), and the mastoid process of the temporal bone of the skull. | Most of its actions flex and rotate the head. In regards to the shoulder, however, it also aids in respiration by elevating the sternoclavicular joint when the head is fixed. | | levator scapulae | Arises from the transverse processes of the first four cervical vertebrae and inserts into the vertebral border of the scapula. | It is capable of rotating the scapula downward and elevating the scapula. | | rhomboid major and rhomboid minor (work together) | They arise from the spinous processes of the thoracic vertebrae T1 to T5 as well as from the spinous processes of the seventh cervical and first thoracic vertebrae. They insert on the medial border of the scapula, from about the level of the scapular spine to the scapula's inferior angle. | They are responsible for downward rotation of the scapula with the levator scapulae, as well as adduction of the scapula. | | trapezius | Arises from the occipital bone, the ligamentum nuchae, the spinous process of the seventh cervical, and the spinous processes of all the thoracic vertebrae, and from the corresponding portion of the supraspinal ligament. It inserts on the lateral clavicle, the acromion process, and into the spine of the scapula. | Different portions of the fibers perform different actions on the scapula: depression, upward rotation, elevation, and adductions. | Serratus anterior Serratus anterior muscle is the surface of upper 9 ribs at side of chest - anterior aspect along entire length of medial border of scapula - (protraction) draws medial border of scapula away from vertebrae (upward rotation). ...
This article is about the bones called ribs. ...
The medial border of the scapula (vertebral border, medial margin) is the longest of the three borders, and extends from the medial to the inferior angle. ...
The Subclavius is a small triangular muscle, placed between the clavicle and the first rib. ...
The first rib is the most curved and usually the shortest of all the ribs; it is broad and flat, its surfaces looking upward and downward, and its borders inward and outward. ...
On the medial part of the clavicle is a broad rough surface, the costal tuberosity (rhomboid impression), rather more than 2 cm. ...
Location The pectoralis minor muscle takes its origin from the 3rd to 5th ribs, near their costal cartilages. ...
In human beings, the coracoid process is a small hook-like structure that comes off the scapula to point forward. ...
In human anatomy, the sternocleidomastoid muscles are muscles in the neck that acts to flex and rotate the head. ...
The sternum or breastbone is a long, flat bone located in the center of the thorax (chest). ...
Collarbone and collar bone redirect here. ...
The mastoid process (or mastoid bone) is a conical bump of the posterior portion of the temporal bone that is situated behind the ear in humans and many other vertebrates and serves as a site of neck muscle attachment (the Sternocleidomastoid, Splenius capitis, and Longissimus capitis). ...
The temporal bones (os temporales) are situated at the sides and base of the skull. ...
The levator scapulae is a muscle of the back that affects the scapula. ...
A cervical vertebra Cervical vertebrae (Vertebrae cervicales) are the smallest of the true vertebrae, and can be readily distinguished from those of the thoracic or lumbar regions by the presence of a foramen (hole) in each transverse process. ...
The medial border of the scapula (vertebral border, medial margin) is the longest of the three borders, and extends from the medial to the inferior angle. ...
The rhomboid major is a muscle on the back that connects the scapula with the vertebrae of the spinal column. ...
The Rhomboideus minor arises from the lower part of the ligamentum nuchæ and from the spinous processes of the seventh cervical and first thoracic vertebræ. It is inserted into the base of the triangular smooth surface at the root of the spine of the scapula, and is usually separated from...
The spinous process of a vertebra is directed backward and downward from the junction of the laminae, and serves for the attachment of muscles and ligaments. ...
A typical thoracic vertebra The thoracic vertebrae (vertebrae thoracales) compose the middle segment of the vertebral column, between the cervical vertebrae and the lumbar vertebrae. ...
The inferior angle of the scapula, thick and rough, is formed by the union of the vertebral and axillary borders; its dorsal surface affords attachment to the Teres major and frequently to a few fibers of the Latissimus dorsi. ...
Trapezius In human anatomy, the trapezius is a large superficial muscle on a persons back. ...
The occipital bone [Fig. ...
The Nuchal ligament is a fibrous membrane, which, in the neck, represents the supraspinal ligaments of the lower vertebræ. It extends from the external occipital protuberance and median nuchal line to the spinous process of the seventh cervical vertebra. ...
The supraspinal ligament (supraspinous ligament) is a strong fibrous cord, which connects together the apices of the spinous processes from the seventh cervical vertebra to the sacrum; at the points of attachment to the tips of the spinous processes fibrocartilage is developed in the ligament. ...
The acromion process, or simply the acromion, is an anatomical feature on the scapula. ...
The spine of the scapula is a prominent plate of bone, which crosses obliquely the medial four-fifths of the dorsal surface of the scapula at its upper part, and separates the supra- from the infraspinatous fossa. ...
Rotator cuff The rotator cuff is a structure composed of tendons that, with associated muscles (supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor and subscapularis), holds the ball at the top of the humerus in the glenoid socket and provideoulder joint. The tendons of the rotator cuff muscles also connect to the capsule of the glenohumeral joint. The rotator cuff is an anatomical term given to the group of muscles and their tendons that act to stabilize the shoulder. ...
// Supraspinatus muscle The supraspinatus is a relatively small muscle of the upper limb that takes its name from its origin from the supraspinous fossa superior to the spine of the scapula. ...
The Infraspinatus muscle is a lateral rotator of the glenohumeral joint. ...
The Teres minor is a narrow, elongated muscle of the rotator cuff. ...
The Subscapularis is a large triangular muscle which fills the subscapular fossa, and arises from its medial two-thirds and from the lower two-thirds of the groove on the axillary border of the bone. ...
Two filmy sac-like structures called bursae permit smooth gliding between bone, muscle, and tendon. They cushion and protect the rotator cuff from the bony arch of the acromion. A bursa is also a fluid filled sac located between a bone and tendon which normally serves to reduce friction between the two moving surfaces. ...
Measurement of shoulder loads
 An instrumented shoulder endoprosthesis, with a 9-channel telemetry transmitter to measure six load components in vivo ( http://www.biomechanik.de). For understanding normal and pathologic shoulder function knowledge of forces in the glenohumeral joint is essential. It forms the basis for performing fracture treatment or joint replacement surgery, for optimizing implant design and fixation and for improving and verifying analytical biomechanical models of the shoulder. With instrumented shoulder implants the joint contact forces and moments can be measured in vivo during different activities. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (797x1181, 164 KB) Instrumented shoulder endoprosthesis, Biomechanics Laboratory, Charité - Berlin, Germany, http://www. ...
Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (797x1181, 164 KB) Instrumented shoulder endoprosthesis, Biomechanics Laboratory, Charité - Berlin, Germany, http://www. ...
Additional images The left shoulder and acromioclavicular joints, and the proper ligaments of the scapula. Image File history File links Gray326. ...
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See also Each year, shoulder problems account for about 1. ...
The armpit (or axilla) is the area on the human body directly under the joint where the arm connects to the shoulder. ...
References - Calais-Germain, Blandine. "Anatomy of Movement", Eastland Press, 1993. ISBN 0-939616-17-3
- Martini, Frederic; Timmons, Michael; McKinnley, Michael. "Human Anatomy", 3rd Edition, Prentice-Hall, 2000. ISBN 0-13-010011-0
External links SHOULDER - sternoclavicular: anterior sternoclavicular - posterior sternoclavicular - interclavicular - costoclavicular Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ...
Wiktionary is a multilingual, Web-based project to create a free content dictionary, available in over 150 languages. ...
A joint (from French joint) (articulation) is the location at which two bones make contact (articulate). ...
A ligament is a short band of tough fibrous connective tissue composed mainly of long, stringy collagen fibres. ...
In humans, the upper limb is an anatomical term for the limb that is attached to the pectoral girdle. ...
The sternoclavicular articulation is a double arthrodial joint. ...
The anterior sternoclavicular ligament is a broad band of fibers, covering the anterior surface of the articulation; it is attached above to the upper and front part of the sternal end of the clavicle, and, passing obliquely downward and medialward, is attached below to the front of the upper part...
The posterior sternoclavicular ligament is a similar band of fibers, covering the posterior surface of the articulation; it is attached above to the upper and back part of the sternal end of the clavicle, and, passing obliquely downward and medialward, is fixed below to the back of the upper part...
The interclavicular ligament is a flattened band, which varies considerably in form and size in different individuals, it passes in a curved direction from the upper part of the sternal end of one clavicle to that of the other, and is also attached to the upper margin of the sternum. ...
The costoclavicular ligament (rhomboid ligament) is short, flat, strong, and rhomboid in form. ...
acromioclavicular: acromioclavicular - coracoclavicular (trapezoid, conoid) - coracoacromial - superior transverse scapular - inferior transverse of scapula The acromioclavicular joint, or AC joint, is a joint at the top of the shoulder. ...
The Acromioclavicular ligament is part of the acromioclavicular joint. ...
The Coracoclavicular Ligament serves to connect the clavicle with the coracoid process of the scapula. ...
The trapezoid ligament, the anterior and lateral fasciculus, is broad, thin, and quadrilateral: it is placed obliquely between the coracoid process and the clavicle. ...
The Conoid Ligament, the posterior and medial fasciculus, is a dense band of fibers, conical in form, with its base directed upward. ...
The Coracoacromial Ligament is a strong triangular band, extending between the coracoid process and the acromion. ...
The superior transverse ligament (transverse or suprascapular ligament) converts the scapular notch into a foramen. ...
The Inferior Transverse Ligament (spinoglenoid ligament) is a weak membranous band, situated behind the neck of the scapula and stretching from the lateral border of the spine to the margin of the glenoid cavity. ...
glenohumeral: coracohumeral - glenohumeral (superior, middle, and inferior) - transverse humeral - glenoid labrum This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...
The coracohumeral ligament is a broad ligament which strengthens the upper part of the capsule of the shoulder joint. ...
In addition to the coracohumeral ligament, three supplemental bands, which are named the glenohumeral ligaments, strengthen the capsule. ...
The transverse humeral ligament is a broad band passing from the lesser to the greater tubercle of the humerus, and always limited to that portion of the bone which lies above the epiphysial line. ...
The Acetabular labrum is also known as the glenoidal labrum of the hip joint in older texts. ...
ELBOW - proximal radioulnar, humeroradial, humeroulnar: ulnar collateral - radial collateral - annular - oblique cord Elbow redirects here. ...
The proximal radioulnar articulation (superior radioulnar joint) is a trochoid or pivot-joint between the circumference of the head of the radius and the ring formed by the radial notch of the ulna and the annular ligament. ...
The humeroradial joint, the joint between the head of the radius and the capitulum of the humerus, is an arthrodial joint. ...
The humeroulnar joint, the portion of the joint between the ulna and humerus, is a simple hinge-joint, and allows of movements of flexion and extension only. ...
The ulnar collateral ligament (internal lateral ligament) is a thick triangular band consisting of two portions, an anterior and posterior united by a thinner intermediate portion. ...
The radial collateral ligament (external lateral ligament) is a short and narrow fibrous band, less distinct than the ulnar collateral, attached, above, to a depression below the lateral epicondyle of the humerus; below, to the annular ligament, some of its most posterior fibers passing over that ligament, to be inserted...
The Annular Ligament (orbicular ligament) is a strong band of fibers, which encircles the head of the radius, and retains it in contact with the radial notch of the ulna. ...
The oblique cord (oblique ligament) is a small, flattened band, extending downward and lateralward, from the lateral side of the tubercle of the ulna at the base of the coronoid process to the radius a little below the radial tuberosity. ...
distal radioulnar volar radioulnar - dorsal radioulnar The Distal Radioulnar Articulation (inferior radioulnar joint) is a pivot-joint formed between the head of the ulna and the ulnar notch on the lower end of the radius. ...
The volar radioulnar ligament (anterior radioulnar ligament) is a narrow band of fibers extending from the anterior margin of the ulnar notch of the radius to the front of the head of the ulna. ...
The dorsal radioulnar ligament (posterior radioulnar ligament) extends between corresponding surfaces on the dorsal aspect of the distal radioulnar articulation. ...
wrist/radiocarpal: palmar radiocarpal - dorsal radiocarpal - ulnar collateral - radial collateral In human anatomy, the wrist is the flexible and narrower connection between the forearm and the hand. ...
The palmar radiocarpal ligament (anterior ligament, volar radiocarpal ligament)) is a broad membranous band, attached above to the anterior margin of the lower end of the radius, to its styloid process, and to the front of the lower end of the ulna; its fibers pass downward and medialward to be...
The dorsal radiocarpal ligament (posterior ligament) less thick and strong than the volar, is attached, above, to the posterior border of the lower end of the radius; its fibers are directed obliquely downward and medialward, and are fixed, below, to the dorsal surfaces of the navicular, lunate, and triangular, being...
The ulnar collateral ligament (internal lateral ligament, ulnar carpal collateral ligament) is a rounded cord, attached above to the end of the styloid process of the ulna, and dividing below into two fasciculi, one of which is attached to the medial side of the triangular bone, the other to the...
The radial collateral ligament (external lateral ligament, radial carpal collateral ligament) extends from the tip of the styloid process of the radius to the radial side of the navicular, some of its fibers being prolonged to the greater multangular bone and the transverse carpal ligament. ...
intercarpal, midcarpal: pisohamate ligament - pisometacarpal ligament Intercarpal Articulations (Articulations of the Carpus) - These articulations may be subdivided into three sets: 1. ...
Intercarpal Articulations (Articulations of the Carpus) - These articulations may be subdivided into three sets: 1. ...
The pisohamate ligament is the volar ligament that connects the pisiform to the hamate. ...
The pisometacarpal ligament joins the pisiform to the base of the fifth metacarpal bone. ...
carpometacarpal: dorsal carpometacarpal - palmar carpometacarpal The Carpometacarpal joint refers to the articulations between the carpal bones and the metacarpals. ...
The dorsal carpometacarpal ligaments, the strongest and most distinct carpometacarpal ligaments, connect the carpal and metacarpal bones on their dorsal surfaces. ...
The palmar carpometacarpal ligaments (or volar) have a somewhat similar arrangement to the dorsal carpometacarpal ligaments, with the exception of those of the third metacarpal, which are three in number: a lateral one from the greater multangular, situated superficial to the sheath of the tendon of the Flexor carpi radialis...
intermetacarpal: deep transverse metacarpal - superficial transverse metacarpal Intermetacarpal Articulations - The bases of the second, third, fourth and fifth metacarpal bones articulate with one another by small surfaces covered with cartilage, and are connected together by dorsal, volar, and interosseous ligaments. ...
The deep transverse metacarpal ligament is a narrow fibrous band which runs across the palmar surfaces of the heads of the second, third, fourth and fifth metacarpal bones, connecting them together. ...
The superficial transverse metacarpal ligament is a ligament of the intermetacarpal articulations joint which runs beneath the deep transverse metacarpal ligament. ...
metacarpophalangeal, interphalangeal The Metacarpophalangeal joint (MCP): The Metacarpophalangeal Articulations are of the condyloid kind, formed by the reception of the rounded heads of the metacarpal bones into shallow cavities on the proximal ends of the first phalanges, with the exception of that of the thumb, which presents more of the characters of...
The interphalangeal articulations of hand are hinge-joints of the phalanges of the hand. ...
HEAD: Skull - Forehead – Eye – Ear – Nose – Mouth – Tongue – Teeth – Jaw – Face – Cheek – Chin Human anatomy or anthropotomy is a special field within anatomy. ...
For other uses of the word head, see head (disambiguation). ...
Human skull (front) Human skull (side) In humans, the adult skull is normally made up of 22 bones. ...
Sebastian Sznitka ...
A human eye. ...
Bat ears come in different sizes and shapes The ear is the sense organ that detects sound. ...
Human nose in profile A typical bulbous human nose The visible part of the human nose is the protruding part of the face that bears the nostrils. ...
Sagittal section of nose mouth, pharynx, and larynx. ...
For other uses, see Tongue (disambiguation). ...
This does not cite its references or sources. ...
It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with jaw. ...
Image:X:uikfhduishnei. ...
Look up Cheek in Wiktionary, the free dictionary The Cheeks are the fleshy area of the face below the eyes and between the nose and the left or right ear, the skin being suspended by the chin and the yaws. ...
Look up Chin in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
 NECK: Throat – Adam's apple - Larynx Image File history File links Human body features (external) Created by Vsion. ...
A human neck. ...
Look up Throat in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
For other uses, see Adams apple (disambiguation). ...
Voicebox redirects here. ...
TORSO: Shoulders – Spine – Chest – Breast – Ribcage – Abdomen – Belly button The human torso Torso is an anatomical term for the greater part of the human body without the head and limbs. ...
The vertebral column seen from the side Different regions (curvatures) of the vertebral column The vertebral column (backbone or spine) is a column of vertebrae situated in the dorsal aspect of the abdomen. ...
Chest of a human male The chest is a part of the anatomy of humans and various other animals. ...
A pregnant womans breasts. ...
The human rib cage. ...
The human abdomen (from the Latin word meaning belly) is the part of the body between the pelvis and the thorax. ...
Male umbilicus For other uses, see Navel (disambiguation). ...
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- Sex organs (Penis/Scrotum/Testicle/Clitoris/Vagina/Ovary/Uterus) – Hip – Anus – Buttocks
LIMBS: Arm – Elbow – Forearm – Wrist – Hand – Finger (Thumb/Index/Middle/Ring/Little) – Leg – Lap – Thigh – Knee – Calf – Heel – Ankle – Foot – Toe (Hallux) A sefuckn, or primary sexual characteristic, narrowly defined, is any of those anatomical parts of the body (which are not always bodily organs according to the strict definition) which are involved in sexual reproduction and constitute the reproductive system in a complex organism; namely: Male: penis (notably the glans penis...
The penis (plural penises, penes) is an external male sexual organ. ...
In some male mammals, the scrotum is a bag of skin and muscle containing the testicles. ...
These are formally know as nuts eww if ur a man haha ur gay. ...
The clitoris (Greek ) is a female sexual organ. ...
The vagina, (from Latin, literally sheath or scabbard ) is the tubular tract leading from the uterus to the exterior of the body in female placental mammals and marsupials, or to the cloaca in female birds, monotremes, and some reptiles. ...
Human female internal reproductive anatomy Ovaries are egg-producing reproductive organs found in female organisms. ...
The uterus or womb is the major female reproductive organ of most mammals, including humans. ...
In anatomy, the hip is the bony projection of the femur, known as the greater trochanter, and the overlying muscle and fat. ...
Female Human Anatomy Male Human Anatomy This article is about the bodily orifice. ...
Bottom commonly refers to the human buttocks but also has other uses The buttocks (anatomical nates, clunium, gluteus, regio glutealis) are rounded portions of the anatomy located on the posterior of the pelvic region of the apes, humans and many other bipeds or quadrupeds. ...
Look up Limb in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
In anatomy, an arm is one of the upper limbs of a two-legged animal. ...
Elbow redirects here. ...
// The Human Forearm The forearm is the structure on the upper limb, between the elbow and the wrist. ...
In human anatomy, the wrist is the flexible and narrower connection between the forearm and the hand. ...
Human right hand The hands (med. ...
Fingers of the human left hand A finger is a type of digit, an organ of manipulation and sensation found in the hands of humans and other primates. ...
In human anatomy, the thumb is the first digit on a hand. ...
The Index finger The index finger, pointer finger or forefinger is the second digit of a human hand, located between the thumb and the middle finger. ...
This article is about the vulgar gesture. ...
The ring finger on this hand is not wearing a ring. ...
Little finger The little finger, called the pinky in American English from the Dutch word pink, meaning little finger, is the most ulnar and usually smallest finger of the human hand, opposite the thumb, next to the ring finger. ...
In common usage, a human leg is the lower limb of the body, extending from the hip to the ankle, and including the thigh, the knee, and the cnemis. ...
Look up lap in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
Diagram of the human thigh bone In humans the thigh is the area between the pelvis and buttocks and the knee. ...
In human anatomy, the knee is the lower extremity joint connecting the femur and the tibia. ...
The calf or gastosoleus is a pair of muscles—the gastrocnemius and soleus—at the back of the lower human leg. ...
Look up Heel in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
Grays Fig. ...
For other uses, see Foot (disambiguation). ...
Toes on foot. ...
The hallux or big toe is the biological name for digit I. In humans and non-human primates, the hallux is the largest toe on the foot. ...
SKIN: Hair It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Epidermis (skin). ...
Young Girl Fixing her Hair, by Sophie Gengembre Anderson Hair is a filamentous outgrowth of dead cells from the skin, found only in mammals. ...
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