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Encyclopedia > Show, don't tell

Show, don't tell is an admonition given to beginning writers who use too much exposition instead of using action and dialogue. If the writer uses action and dialogue to reveal a character, the story should be more interesting to the reader. The reader should feel like he is seeing the scene unfold before him. As a result, the reader can interpret the meaning of the story on his own. The term writer can apply to anyone who creates a written work, but the word more usually designates those who write creatively or professionally, or those who have written in many different forms. ... Dialogue should create conflict. ... Look up Plot in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... A scene is an episode in a story. ...

Contents

Examples of show, don't tell

When applying show, don't tell, the writer does more than just tell the reader something about a character; he unveils the character by what that character says and does. Showing can be done by:

  • writing scenes
  • describing the actions of the characters
  • revealing character through dialogue
  • using the five senses when possible

Instead of telling: A scene is an episode in a story. ...


Mrs. Parker was nosy. She gossiped about her neighbors.


the writer could show:


Turning the blinds ever so slightly, Mrs. Parker could just peek through the window and see the Ford Explorer parked in the driveway. She squinted to get a better view of the tall, muscular man getting out of the vehicle and walking up to Mrs. Jones' front door. He rang the doorbell. When Mrs. Jones opened the door and welcomed the stranger into her home with a hug, Mrs. Parker gasped and ran to her phone.


"Charlotte, you are not going to believe what I just saw!" Mrs. Parker peeked out the window again to see if the man was still inside.


Telling:


"Five years ago, John Meadows married Linda Carrington. Although both had grown up in Brooklyn and didn't want to leave, John had accepted a job in Montana and moved his young family west. He found he liked the mountains and open sky, but Linda was frustrated and unhappy. This all became clear the night they attended a party at their neighbors' house."


Showing:


"I told you I didn't want to go to this," Linda said as she stood beside John on their neighbors' steps. "It's just going to be as lame as every other party we've been to since we got here."


"You used to love parties," John said, avoiding eye contact.


"Yeah, well, that was back in Brooklyn. But Montana isn't Brooklyn."


"No." He looked at the mountains, colored flame by the setting sun, the sky he had come to love. Then he looked at Linda, glowering even before they went inside. In five years of marriage, she had changed so much. They both had.


He pressed the doorbell."[1]


Showing dramatizes a scene in a story to help the reader forget he is reading, to help the reader get to know the characters, to make the writing more interesting. "It is the difference between actors acting out an event, and the lone playwright standing on a bare stage recounting the event to the audience." [2] A scene is an episode in a story. ... Template:Unsourced A playwright, also known as a dramatist, is someone who writes dramatic literature or drama. ...


When to tell

"Show, don't tell," like all rules, has exceptions. According to James Scott Bell: "Sometimes a writer tells as a shortcut, to move quickly to the meaty part of the story or scene. Showing is essentially about making scenes vivid. If you try to do it constantly, the parts that are supposed to stand out won't, and your readers will get exhausted."[3] A scene is an episode in a story. ...


Showing requires more words; telling may cover a greater span of time. A novel that contains only showing would be incredibly long; therefore, a narrative can contain some legitimate telling. Scenes that are important to the story should be dramatized with showing, but sometimes what happens between scenes can be told so the story can make progress. For example, if Bob is a character in a story, he could do the following things: A novel (from French nouvelle Italian novella, new) is an extended, generally fictional narrative in prose. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...

  • Have an argument with his boss
  • Drive to his girlfriend's house
  • Have an argument with his girlfriend

The writer could show the arguments with Bob's boss and girlfriend, but tell the reader Bob drove over to his girlfriend's house without excess narrative. As long as nothing important to the story happens on that drive, then the writer need only tell the reader.


The writer may also want to use telling to reveal to the reader that the narrator of the story (see point-of-view) is not reliable. The narrator may say that Bob is a great guy, but later Bob reveals himself to be a jerk through showing. Then the reader can decide that the narrator of this story doesn't see Bob for who he is. In literature and storytelling, a point of view is the related experience of the narrator — not that of the author. ... The Narrator is the entity within a story that tells the story to the reader. ...


Extent to which "show, don't tell" should be applied

Francine Prose (author of Blue Angel and Reading Like a Writer) says of the rule: "[The Alice Munro passage] contradicts a form of bad advice often given young writers--namely, that the job of the author is to show, not tell. Needless to say, many great novelists combine 'dramatic' showing with long sections of the flat-out authorial narration that is, I guess, what is meant by telling. And the warning against telling leads to a confusion that causes novice writers to think that everything should be acted out... when in fact the responsibility of showing should be assumed by the energetic and specific use of language." [4] Francine Prose (born in 1947 in Brooklyn, New York) is an American novelist. ...


See also

Creative writing is a term used to distinguish certain imaginative or different types of writing from generic writing. ... Fiction (from the Latin fingere, to form, create) is storytelling of imagined events and stands in contrast to non-fiction, which makes factual claims about reality. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Stylistic device. ... Narratology, a term coined by Professor Edward Maloney from Georgetown University, is the theory and study of narrative and narrative structure and ([1]) the way they affect our perception. ... It has been suggested that this article be split into articles entitled Exposition (plot device) and Plot dump . ... Writing style reveals the personality, thoughts, and voice of a writer. ...

References

  1.   Kress, Nancy (Mar., 2006). "Better Left Unsaid". Writer's Digest, p. 20.
  2.   Polking, Kirk (1990). Writing A to Z p.423.. Writer's Digest Books. ISBN 0-89879-556-7.
  3.   Bell, James Scott (Mar., 2003). "Exception to the Rule". Writer's Digest Yearbook: Novel Writing, p. 20.
  4.   Prose, Francine (2006). Reading Like a Writer pp.24-25.. HarperCollins. ISBN 0-06-077704-4.

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