Many visitors flock to the Shrine to pay their respects

The Shrine as seen from the ceremonial avenue on the northern or city side. The annual ANZAC Day parade approaches the Shrine along this route.

Inside the Shrine

West face of Shrine, inscription visible. Image is made up of four seperate images stiched together which has caused the distortion

The Shrine in the 1930s showing the reflecting pool in front of the north face, where the World War II Forecourt now is

Ceremonial Avenue

One of the four groups of statuary which mark the corners of the Shrine. Greek and Assyrian influences can be seen, but no Christian motifs. The four statuary groups representing Peace, Justice, Patriotism and Sacrifice were created by sculptor Paul Montford.

The north face of the Shrine showing the Eternal Flame in the World War II Forecourt

Shrine of Remembrance

West face of Shrine

The north portico of the Shrine, showing the sculptures in the pediment, clearly inspired by those of the Parthenon. The central figure is the "Call to Arms."

Wikimedia Commons has more media related to: Shrine of Remembrance

The Shrine of Remembrance, located in St Kilda Road, Melbourne, is one of the largest war memorials in Australia. It was built as a memorial to the men and women of Victoria who served in World War I, but soon came to be seen as Australia's major memorial to all the 60,000 Australians who died in that war. It now serves as a memorial for all Australians who served in war and it is the site of annual observances of ANZAC Day (25 April) and Remembrance Day (11 November). Jump to: navigation, search Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1600x1067, 245 KB) Melbourne War Memorial File links The following pages link to this file: Shrine of Remembrance User:Fir0002/Fir0002 gallery User:Fir0002/Fir0002 gallery/20D/Places ... Jump to: navigation, search Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1600x1067, 245 KB) Melbourne War Memorial File links The following pages link to this file: Shrine of Remembrance User:Fir0002/Fir0002 gallery User:Fir0002/Fir0002 gallery/20D/Places ... this photo was taken by me, User:Adam Carr, and is released by me into the public domain This image has been (or is hereby) released into the public domain by its creator, Adam Carr. ... this photo was taken by me, User:Adam Carr, and is released by me into the public domain This image has been (or is hereby) released into the public domain by its creator, Adam Carr. ... hahahhaahahahahahaha chicken. ... Jump to: navigation, search Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1600x1067, 418 KB) Inisde Melbourne War Memorial Source: Own Photo File links The following pages link to this file: Shrine of Remembrance ... Jump to: navigation, search Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1600x1067, 418 KB) Inisde Melbourne War Memorial Source: Own Photo File links The following pages link to this file: Shrine of Remembrance ... Jump to: navigation, search Image File history File links Download high resolution version (5661x3215, 3128 KB) West face of Melbourne War Memorial, composite image from 4 photos stitched, hence the distortion File links The following pages link to this file: Shrine of Remembrance ... Jump to: navigation, search Image File history File links Download high resolution version (5661x3215, 3128 KB) West face of Melbourne War Memorial, composite image from 4 photos stitched, hence the distortion File links The following pages link to this file: Shrine of Remembrance ... Download high resolution version (1084x679, 345 KB)this is a 70-year-old postcard and i assume no longer copyright File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Download high resolution version (1084x679, 345 KB)this is a 70-year-old postcard and i assume no longer copyright File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Jump to: navigation, search Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1600x812, 363 KB) Pathway out side Melbourne War Memorial Source: Own Photo File links The following pages link to this file: Shrine of Remembrance ... Jump to: navigation, search Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1600x812, 363 KB) Pathway out side Melbourne War Memorial Source: Own Photo File links The following pages link to this file: Shrine of Remembrance ... Download high resolution version (480x640, 79 KB)this photo was taken by me, User:Adam Carr, and is released by me into the public domain This image has been (or is hereby) released into the public domain by its creator, Adam Carr. ... Download high resolution version (480x640, 79 KB)this photo was taken by me, User:Adam Carr, and is released by me into the public domain This image has been (or is hereby) released into the public domain by its creator, Adam Carr. ... Assyria in earliest historical times referred to a region on the Upper Tigris river, named for its original capital, the city of Ashur. ... Jump to: navigation, search As a noun, Christian is an appellation and moniker deriving from the appellation Christ, which many people associate exclusively with Jesus of Nazareth. ... Jump to: navigation, search The concept of peace ranks among the most controversial in our time. ... Jump to: navigation, search Allegory of Justice as woman with sword and with book - statue at court building. ... Jump to: navigation, search Defense of the homeland is a commonplace of military patriotism: commemorating the students at the École Polytechnique, Paris, 1814 Patriotism denotes positive attitudes by a person to their own nation, to its national homeland, its culture, its members, and to its interests. ... Jump to: navigation, search Sacrifice (from a Middle English verb meaning to make sacred, from Old French, from Latin sacrificium : sacer, sacred; sacred + facere, to make) is commonly known as the practice of offering food, or the lives of animals or people to the gods, as an act of propitiation... this photo was taken by me, User:Adam Carr, and is released by me into the public domain This image has been (or is hereby) released into the public domain by its creator, Adam Carr. ... this photo was taken by me, User:Adam Carr, and is released by me into the public domain This image has been (or is hereby) released into the public domain by its creator, Adam Carr. ... Jump to: navigation, search Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1600x1067, 321 KB) Melbourne War Memorial File links The following pages link to this file: Shrine of Remembrance ... Jump to: navigation, search Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1600x1067, 321 KB) Melbourne War Memorial File links The following pages link to this file: Shrine of Remembrance ... Jump to: navigation, search Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1600x1097, 363 KB) West face of Melbourne War Memorial with inscription File links The following pages link to this file: Shrine of Remembrance User:Fir0002/Fir0002 gallery User:Fir0002/Fir0002 gallery/20D/Places ... Jump to: navigation, search Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1600x1097, 363 KB) West face of Melbourne War Memorial with inscription File links The following pages link to this file: Shrine of Remembrance User:Fir0002/Fir0002 gallery User:Fir0002/Fir0002 gallery/20D/Places ... this photo was taken by me, User:Adam Carr, and is released by me into the public domain This image has been (or is hereby) released into the public domain by its creator, Adam Carr. ... this photo was taken by me, User:Adam Carr, and is released by me into the public domain This image has been (or is hereby) released into the public domain by its creator, Adam Carr. ... Jump to: navigation, search A pediment is a classical architectural element consisting of a triangular section or gable found above the horizontal superstructure (entablature) which lies immediately upon the columns. ... The Parthenon seen from the hill of the Pnyx to the west The Parthenon (Greek: Παρθενών) is the most famous surviving building of Ancient Greece and one of the most famous buildings in the world. ... Image File history File links Commons-logo. ... The Wikimedia Commons (also called Commons or Wikicommons) is a repository of free content images, sound and other multimedia files. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... Jump to: navigation, search Melbourne is the capital and largest city of the state of Victoria, and the second largest city in Australia (after Sydney), with a population of 3. ... This memorial in England lists the names of soldiers who died in the First World War. ... Motto: Peace and Prosperity Other Australian states and territories Capital Melbourne Governor HE Mr John Landy Premier Steve Bracks (ALP) Area 237,629 km² (6th)  - Land 227,416 km²  - Water 10,213 km² (4. ... Jump to: navigation, search World War I was primarily a European conflict with many facets: immense human sacrifice, stalemate trench warfare, and the use of new, devastating weapons - tanks, aircraft, machineguns, and poison gas. ... hahahhaahahahahahaha chicken. ... April 25 is the 115th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (116th in leap years). ... Wreaths of artificial poppies used as a symbol of remembrance Remembrance Day or Armistice Day is a day of commemoration observed in the Commonwealth of Nations and various European countries (including France and Belgium) to commemorate World War I and other wars. ... Jump to: navigation, search November 11 is the 315th day of the year (316th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 50 days remaining. ...

History

Proposals for a war memorial in Melbourne were put forward as soon as the war ended in November 1918. In 1920 the Victorian state government appointed an advisory committee, which recommended an "arch of victory" over St Kilda Rd, the major boulevard leading out of the city of Melbourne to the south, and one of the city's busiest thoroughfares. In August 1921 an executive committee was formed, with the former commander of the Australian forces in the war, General Sir John Monash, as its driving force. The committee soon abandoned the idea of an arch and proposed a large monumental memorial to the east of St Kilda Road, a position which would make it clearly visible from the centre of the city. A competition was held for a design, which was won by two Melbourne architects (and war veterans), Phillip Hudson and James Wardrop. Jump to: navigation, search 1918 was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ... 1920 is a leap year starting on Thursday (link will take you to calendar) // Events January January 7 - Forces of Russian White admiral Kolchak surrender in Krasnoyarsk. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... Jump to: navigation, search 1921 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... Sir John Monash General Sir John Monash (27 June 1865 - 8 October 1931), Australian military commander of the First World War, was born in Melbourne, Victoria, to parents of Prussian-Jewish origin (the family name was originally spelled Monasch). ... Architect at his drawing board, 1893 An architect, also known as a building designer, is a person involved in the planning, designing and oversight of a buildings construction, whose role is to guide decisions affecting those building aspects that are of aesthetic, cultural or social concern. ...

The design of the proposed Shrine was based on the ancient Tomb of Mausolus (the Mausoleum) at Halicarnassus, one of the Wonders of the World. It featured a massive pyramid-shaped structure, with classical porticos at the head of wide flights of steps on the northern and southern sides. The chosen building stone was granodiorite quarrried from Tynong. This design was fiercely criticised in the press, especially by Keith Murdoch's Herald, on the grounds of its grandiosity, its severity of design and its expense. Murdoch called the Shrine "a tomb of gloom." Some Christian churches also attacked the design as pagan for having no cross or other Christian element. Monash, who was Jewish, was blamed in some quarters for this, although in fact he had not promoted the Hudson-Wardrop design. The Mausoleum of Halicarnassus, depicted in this hand-coloured engraving from a series issued in 1572 by Martin Heemskerck (1498-1574), who based his reconstruction on descriptions. ... A mausoleum is a large and impressive tomb, usually constructed for a deceased leader. ... Map of the Aegean Sea, showing the location of Halicarnassus (modern Bodrum, Turkey) Halicarnassus (; modern Bodrum; see also List of traditional Greek place names), an ancient Greek city on the southwest coast of Caria, Asia Minor, on a picturesque and advantageous site on the Ceramic Gulf (Gulf of Cos, Gulf... The seven wonders of the world are usually taken to be the seven wonders of the ancient world, the name of a list of the most impressive achievements of ancient civilizations in the east of the Mediterranean world. ... Geometric shape created by connecting a polygonal base to an apex An n-sided pyramid is a polyhedron formed by connecting an n-sided polygonal base and a point, called the apex, by n triangular faces (n≥3). ... Categories: Architectural elements | Stub ... Sir Keith Arthur Murdoch (August 12, 1886 - October 4, 1952) was an Australian journalist and media mogul and the father of Rupert Murdoch. ... Jump to: navigation, search As a noun, Christian is an appellation and moniker deriving from the appellation Christ, which many people associate exclusively with Jesus of Nazareth. ... Pagan may refer to: A believer in Paganism or Neopaganism; the belief in many gods, or typically, the belief in a pantheon, or set of gods, and usually accompanied by tolerance, or inclusion of other gods. ... For the California hardcore punk band see Crucifix (band) A small, handheld crufix. ... The word Jew ( Hebrew: יהודי) is used in a wide number of ways, but generally refers to a follower of the Jewish faith, a child of a Jewish mother, or someone of Jewish descent with a connection to Jewish culture or ethnicity and often a combination of these attributes. ...

In the face of this criticism, the Victorian government abandoned the project in 1926, and proposed instead to build a cenotaph in a large "ANZAC Square" at the top of Bourke St in front of Parliament House. This, however, would have involved demolishing the Windsor Hotel, one of Melbourne's oldest and grandest. Monash then struck back, turning the 1927 ANZAC Day march, in which he led 30,000 veterans through the streets of Melbourne, into a demonstration in favour of the St Kilda Rd Shrine, gaining the support of the influential Age and Argus newspapers and the powerful Returned and Services League. Faced with this support, the state government changed its mind again. 1926 was a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... A cenotaph is a tomb or a monument erected in honor of a person or group of persons whose remains are elsewhere. ... Parliament House, Melbourne Parliament House, Melbourne, has been the seat of the Parliament of Victoria, Australia, since 1855, except for the years 1901 to 1928, when it was occupied by the Parliament of Australia. ... 1927 was a common year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ... The Age is a broadsheet daily newspaper in Melbourne, Australia, founded on October 17, 1854. ... RSL National HQ, on Constitution Ave, Canberra, nearest the Australian Defence Force Russell Offices HQ The Returned and Services League of Australia (often abbreviated to RSL) is a support organisation for men and women who have served or are serving in the Australian Defence Force. ...

The foundation stone was laid on 11 November 1927, by the Governor of Victoria, Lord Somers. Although both the Victorian and Commonwealth governments made contributions, most of the cost of the Shrine was raised by public contributions, with Monash as chief fundraiser. Jump to: navigation, search November 11 is the 315th day of the year (316th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 50 days remaining. ... 1927 was a common year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ... List of Governors of Victoria See Governors of the Australian states for a description and history of the office of Governor. ...

Monash, who had been a civil engineer before 1914, took personal charge of the construction, which began in July 1928. He opposed suggestions that an "unknown soldier" should be buried at the Shrine, on the grounds that this should be done at a national war memorial in the new Australian capital, Canberra. He also rejected suggestions for statues of individual war leaders, including himself. Monash composed the inscription which appears on the western wall of the Shrine: The term civil engineer refers to an individual who practices civil engineering. ... Jump to: navigation, search 1914 is a common year starting on Thursday. ... Jump to: navigation, search 1928 was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ... In World War I, huge numbers of soldiers died without their remains being identified. ... Canberra is the capital of the Commonwealth of Australia and, with a population of just over 323,000, is also Australias largest inland city. ...

LET ALL MEN KNOW THAT THIS IS HOLY GROUND. THIS SHRINE, ESTABLISHED IN THE HEARTS OF MEN AS ON THE SOLID EARTH, COMMEMORATES A PEOPLE'S FORTITUDE AND SACRIFICE. YE THEREFORE THAT COME AFTER, GIVE REMEMBRANCE.

This inscription again aroused criticism for having no Christian element, or religious element at all. In fact it was modelled closely on the memorial inscriptions of Ancient Greece, and reflected Monash's classical education rather than his Jewishness. Monash died in 1931 before the Shrine was finished, but its completion was a tribute to his determination. There is a large equestrian statue of Monash in the parklands which surround the Shrine, although there are no memorials to individuals at the Shrine itself. Jump to: navigation, search Fishers of men; Oil on panel by Adriaen van de Venne (1614) Religion (see etymology below) —sometimes used interchangeably with faith or belief system—is commonly defined as belief concerning the supernatural, sacred, or divine, and the moral codes, practices, values, institutions and rituals associated with... Jump to: navigation, search Ancient Greece is the term used to describe the Greek-speaking world in ancient times. ... Classical education as understood and taught in the middle ages of western civilization is roughly based on the ancient Greek concept of Paideia. ... Jump to: navigation, search 1931 is a common year starting on Thursday. ... Equestrian has several meanings: An equestrian is a horseback rider: see equestrianism An equestrian (Roman) is a member of one of the upper classes in ancient Rome. ...

The inscription on the eastern wall, not written by Monash, reads:

THIS MONUMENT WAS ERECTED BY A GRATEFUL PEOPLE TO THE HONOURED MEMORY OF THE MEN AND WOMEN WHO SERVED THE EMPIRE IN THE GREAT WAR OF 1914-1918.

The onset of the Great Depression at the end of 1929 slowed construction work on the Shrine. But from 1930 onwards the Depression actually assisted the Shrine's progress, because large numbers of unemployed men were hired at sustenance wages to work on the project as a form of unemployment relief. Many of these were war veterans who welcomed the chance to help finish the Shrine. Work was finally completed in September 1934, and the Shrine was formally dedicated on 11 November 1934 by the Duke of Gloucester, witnessed by a crowd of 300,000, believed to be the largest ever in Melbourne. Jump to: navigation, search This article is about the worldwide economic crisis of the 1930s; for other uses of the term, see The Great Depression (disambiguation). ... Jump to: navigation, search 1929 was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ... Jump to: navigation, search 1930 is a common year starting on Wednesday. ... A veteran refers to a person who is experienced in a particular area, particularly referring to people in the armed forces. ... Jump to: navigation, search 1934 was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ... Jump to: navigation, search November 11 is the 315th day of the year (316th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 50 days remaining. ... Jump to: navigation, search 1934 was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ... The Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester, KG, KT, KP, GCB, GCMG, GCVO, PC (31 March 1900–10 June 1974) was the third son of King George V of the United Kingdom and Queen Mary, the brother of King Edward VIII (later Duke of Windsor) and King George VI, and the...

After World War II it was felt necessary to add to the Shrine an element commemorating the Australian war dead of the second great conflict. The result was the World War II Forecourt, a wide expense of stone in front of the Shrine's north face; the Eternal Flame, a permanent gas flame set just to the west of the north face; and the World War II Memorial, a 12.5 m high cenotaph a little further west. The Forecourt replaced a reflecting pool that had been emptied during World War II and was not subsequently refilled. These enlargements were dedicated by Queen Elizabeth II on 28 February 1954. Australia's involvements in later wars, such as the Korean War, the Malayan Emergency, the Vietnam War and the Gulf War, are commemorated by inscriptions. Jump to: navigation, search World War II was a truly global conflict with many facets: immense human suffering, fierce indoctrinations, and the use of new, extremely devastating weapons such as the atom bomb . Known in the USSR as: the Great Patriotic War World War II, also known as the Second... A cenotaph is a tomb or a monument erected in honor of a person or group of persons whose remains are elsewhere. ... Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary Windsor), born 21 April 1926) is the Queen regnant of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Antigua and Barbuda... February 28 is the 59th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Jump to: navigation, search 1954 was a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Jump to: navigation, search The Korean War (Korean: 한국전쟁/韓國戰爭), from June 25, 1950 to July 27, 1953, was a conflict between North Korea and South Korea. ... The Malayan Emergency was an insurrection and guerilla war of the Malay Races Liberation Army against the British and Malayan administration from 1948-1960 in what is now Malaysia. ... Jump to: navigation, search The Vietnam War or Second Indochina War was a conflict between the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRVN, or North Vietnam), allied with the National Liberation Front (NLF, or Viet Cong) against the Republic of Vietnam (RVN, or South Vietnam), and its allies—notably the United States... Jump to: navigation, search C Company, 1st Battalion, The Staffordshire Regiment, 1st UK Armoured Division The 1991 Gulf War was a conflict between Iraq and a coalition force of 34 nations mandated by the United Nations and led by the United States. ...

In 1951 the body of Sir Thomas Blamey was held for three days for public viewing followed by a State funeral on site. This was the only time, and contrary to any accepted uses, that the building has been used other than as war memorial.

During the Vietnam War the Shrine became a centre of conflict when anti-war demonstrators protested during ANZAC Day services against Australia's involvement in the war. In 1971 the Shrine was defaced when the word PEACE was painted in large white letters on the pillars of the north portico. Despite vigorous cleaning, the porous nature of the stone used in the Shrine's construction meant that the slogan remained faintly visible for over 20 years. Jump to: navigation, search The Vietnam War or Second Indochina War was a conflict between the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRVN, or North Vietnam), allied with the National Liberation Front (NLF, or Viet Cong) against the Republic of Vietnam (RVN, or South Vietnam), and its allies—notably the United States... Jump to: navigation, search 1971 is a common year starting on Friday (click for link to calendar). ...

In 1985 the Remembrance Garden was added beneath the western face of the Shrine to honour those who served during post-WWII conflicts. The garden features a pool, waterfall and granite wall bearing the names of the conflicts in which Australia participated, such as Kuwait (Gulf War) and East Timor. 1985 is a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... A Massapequa (NY) waterfall Tower Fall in Yellowstone National Park A waterfall is usually a geological formation resulting from water, often in the form of a stream, flowing over an erosion-resistant rock formation that forms a sudden break in elevation. ... Jump to: navigation, search C Company, 1st Battalion, The Staffordshire Regiment, 1st UK Armoured Division The 1991 Gulf War was a conflict between Iraq and a coalition force of 34 nations mandated by the United Nations and led by the United States. ...

The Shrine today

For the past 70 years the Shrine has been the centre of war commemoration in Melbourne. Although Remembrance Day (11 November) is the official day for commemorating the war dead, it has gradually been eclipsed in the public estimation by ANZAC Day (25 April), which unlike Remembrance Day is a specifically Australian (and New Zealand) day of commemoration. Every ANZAC Day the Shrine is the site of a dawn service which draws large crowds, and the ANZAC Day march of veterans later in the day concludes in the Shrine's forecourt. Jump to: navigation, search November 11 is the 315th day of the year (316th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 50 days remaining. ... April 25 is the 115th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (116th in leap years). ...

Inside the Shrine is the Sanctuary, which contains the Stone of Remembrance. This is a marble stone sunk below the pavement, where visitors must bow their heads to read the inscription: Marble This page is about the metamorphic rock. ...

GREATER LOVE HATH NO MAN

The Stone is aligned with an aperture in the roof of the Sanctuary so that a ray of sunlight falls on the word LOVE on the Stone of Remembrance at exactly 11am on 11 November, marking the hour and day of the Armistice which ended World War I. Unfortunately the introduction of daylight saving in Victoria meant that the ray of sunlight was no longer in the right place at 11am. A mirror has now been installed in the roof to direct sunlight onto the Stone at 11am. During the rest of the year, a light is used to simulate the effect. Jump to: navigation, search November 11 is the 315th day of the year (316th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 50 days remaining. ... Daylight saving time (also called DST, or Summer Time) is the local time a region is designated for a portion of the year, usually an hour forward from its standard official time. ...

Around the Sanctuary walls is a frieze of 12 carved panels depicting the armed services at work and in action during World War I. The Sanctuary is surrounded by a narrow walkway called the Ambulatory. Along the Ambulatory are 42 bronze caskets containing hand-written, illuminated Books of Remembrance with the names of every Victorian who enlisted for active service with the Australian Imperial Force (AIF) or Australian Naval and Military Expeditionary Force in World War I or died in camp prior to embarkation. These books are opened to a different page every day. Frieze of the Tower of the Winds. ... For the act of supplying light to an area, see lighting. ... The First Australian Imperial Force (1st AIF) was the main expeditionary force of the Australian Army during World War I. It was formed from August 15, 1914, following Britains declaration of war on Germany. ... The Australian Naval and Military Expeditionary Force was a small Australia shortly after the outbreak of the First World War to seize and destroy German wireless stations in the south-west Pacific. ... Jump to: navigation, search World War I was primarily a European conflict with many facets: immense human sacrifice, stalemate trench warfare, and the use of new, devastating weapons - tanks, aircraft, machineguns, and poison gas. ...

Beneath the Sanctuary is the Crypt containing a statue of a father and son, representing the two generations who went to war together. Around the walls are panels listing every unit of the AIF, down to battalion and regiment, along with the colours of their shoulder patch. The Crypt is hung with the standards of various battalions and regiments, listing their battle honours. Crypt is also a commonly used name of water trumpets, aquatic plants. ... In military terminology, a battalion consists of two to six companies typically commanded by a lieutenant colonel. ... Jump to: navigation, search A regiment is a military unit, larger than a company and smaller than a division. ...

The Shrine is set in a large expanse of parkland officially called the King's Domain. Over the years many other war memorials have been built in this area, including the Australian-Hellenic Memorial to Australian and Greek dead in the Battles of Greece and Crete in 1941, and statues of Monash and Field Marshal Sir Thomas Blamey, Australia's military commander during World War II. Most of the trees which line the approaches to the Shrine bear plaques commemorating individual Army units, naval vessels or Air Force squadrons, placed there by veterans' groups. An older memorial to Victorians killed in the Boer War of 1899-1902 is also nearby. The Kings Domain is part of the Domain Parklands in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, on the south side of the Yarra River, that incorporates the Alexandra Gardens, Queen Victoria Gardens and the Royal Botanic Gardens. ... Greece and Crete Crete, sometimes spelled Krete (Greek Κρήτη / Kriti; see also List of traditional Greek place names) is the largest of the Greek islands and the fifth largest in the Mediterranean Sea. ... 1941 was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ... Memorial statue of Field Marshal Sir Thomas Blamey in Kings Domain, Melbourne. ... Jump to: navigation, search World War II was a truly global conflict with many facets: immense human suffering, fierce indoctrinations, and the use of new, extremely devastating weapons such as the atom bomb . Known in the USSR as: the Great Patriotic War World War II, also known as the Second... Jump to: navigation, search The Australian Army Emblem The Australian Army is Australias military land force. ... The RAAF Roundel is based on that of the British Royal Air Force, with the central circle replaced by a Kangaroo, a symbol of Australia. ... Boer guerrillas during the Second Boer War There were two Boer wars, one from December 16, 1880-March 23, 1881 and the second from October 11, 1899-May 31, 1902 both between the British and the settlers of Dutch, French and German origin (called Boers, Afrikaners or Voortrekkers) in South... Jump to: navigation, search 1899 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... 1902 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ...

At the northeast corner of the Shrine is the Gallipoli Memorial, a small statue of "The Man with the Donkey". Officially the statue represents the "valour and compassion of the Australian soldier" but it is modelled on Private John Simpson Kirkpatrick and the dates on the memorial, April 25 to May 19, represent the period in which Simpson survived at Gallipoli. Nearby is a Turkish Pine grown from a seed of the original Lone Pine at Gallipoli. John Simpson Kirkpatrick (centre) with Duffy John Simpson Kirkpatrick (July 6, 1892 - May 19, 1915), also known as Jack Simpson, was a stretcher bearer with the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps at Gallipoli during World War I. He landed at Anzac Cove on April 25, 1915 and, on that... April 25 is the 115th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (116th in leap years). ... Jump to: navigation, search May 19 is the 139th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (140th in leap years). ... Binomial name Pinus brutia Tenore The Turkish Pine (Pinus brutia) is a pine native to the eastern Mediterranean region. ... Battle of Lone Pine Conflict First World War Date 6–12 August 1915 Place Anzac, Gallipoli, Turkey Result Australian victory Prelude The Lone Pine battlefield, named for a solitary Turkish Pine that stood there at the start of the fighting, was situated about the centre of the eastern line of...

By the 1990s the increasing number of visitors to the Shrine led to the construction of a new Visitor Centre and museum inside the Shrine, which was opened in August 2003. The Centre incorporates an auditorium, administration facilities and public conveniences. It offers improved facilities for visitors, including the many school parties which visit the Shrine every day, provides improved access for the elderly and the disabled, and means that the external steps and northern doors need only be used for ceremonial purposes. Access from the Visitor Centre now leads directly into the Crypt up a short flight of stairs. On display in the Visitor Centre is the Victoria Cross won by Captain Robert Grieve during the Battle of Messines, 1917. Jump to: navigation, search // Events and trends The 1990s are generally classified as having moved slightly away from the more conservative 1980s, but otherwise retaining the same mindset. ... Jump to: navigation, search 2003(MMIII) is a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Victoria Cross medal, ribbon, and bar. ... Captain is both a nautical term and a military rank. ... Robert Cuthbert Grieve was an Australian recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces. ... The battle of Messines was launched on the 7 June 1917 by General Herbert Plumers second army. ... 1917 was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar. ...

As memories of the specific battles of World War I (apart from Gallipoli) have faded in Australia, few people remain aware of the "battle honours" disks, 16 stone discs set in the Shrine's balustrade. These discs are the battle honours granted by King George V and commemorate Australia's contributions to the following battles: Landing at Anzac, (that is, Gallipoli), Sari Bair, Rumani, Gaza-Beersheba, the North Sea, the Cocos Islands, Megiddo, Damascus, Villers Bretonneux, Amiens, Mont St Quentin, the Hindenburg Line, Ypres, Messines, Pozieres and Bullecourt. Gallipoli, called Gelibolu in modern Turkish, is a town in northwestern Turkey. ... George V (George Frederick Ernest Albert Windsor, (3 June 1865–20 January 1936) was the last British monarch of the House of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, changing the name to the House of Windsor in 1917. ... Landing at Anzac Cove Conflict First World War Date 25 April - 3 May 1915 Place Anzac Cove, Gallipoli Result Stalemate The landing at Anzac Cove was part of the amphibious invasion of the Gallipoli peninsula by British and French forces on April 25, 1915. ... Battle of Sari Bair Conflict First World War Date 6–29 August 1915 Place Gallipoli peninsula, Turkey Result Turkish victory The Battle of Sari Bair, also known as the August Offensive, was the last attempt made by the British to seize control of the Gallipoli peninsula from Turkey during World... Battle of Romani Conflict First World War Date 3– 5 August 1916 Place Sinai peninsula, Egypt Result Allied victory The Battle of Romani took place near the Egyptian town of Romani which lies 23 miles east of the Suez Canal near the Mediterranean shore of the Sinai peninsula. ... Third Battle of Gaza Conflict First World War Date 31 October–7 November 1917 Place Gaza, southern Palestine Result Allied victory The Third Battle of Gaza was fought in 1917 in southern Palestine during World War I. The British forces under the command of General Edmund Allenby successfully broke the... Battle of Megiddo Conflict First World War Date September 19-21, 1918 Place Megiddo, Palestine Result British victory The Battle of Megiddo of September 19-21, 1918, was an important milestone in British General Edmund Allenbys conquest of Palestine during World War I. His forces made a massive push... The Battle of Amiens, which began on 8 August 1918, was the opening phase of the Allied offensive, later known as the Hundred Days Offensive, that led ultimately to the end of World War I. The Australian and Canadian divisions that spearheaded the attack managed to advance over eight miles... The Hindenburg Line was a vast system of defences in Northern France constructed by the Germans during the winter of 1916– 17 during World War I; the Germans called it the Siegfried Line. ... Passchendaele village, before and after the Battle of Passchendaele The Battle of Passchendaele, otherwise known as the Third Battle of Ypres, was one of the major battles of World War I, fought by British, ANZAC, and Canadian soldiers against the German army near Ypres (Ieper in Flemish) in West Flanders... The battle of Messines was launched on the 7 June 1917 by General Herbert Plumers second army. ... The Battle of Pozières was a two week struggle for the French village of Pozières, and the ridge on which it stands, during the middle stages of the 1916 Battle of the Somme. ...

The Shrine is managed by a Board of Trustees, appointed by the Victorian Government. The board is responsible for the care, management, maintenance and preservation of the building and development of the Shrine. The Shrine's security has been considerably improved in recent years. A group of Victoria Police guards keep watch over the Shrine at all times. During the hours the Shrine is open to the public or in use for any ceremony, they wear a uniform representing an Australian Light Horseman of World War I with Victoria Police Force insignia. The Victoria Police is the primary law enforcement agency of Victoria, Australia. ...

See also

• Australian War Memorial - Australia's national war memorial and museum.
• ANZAC War Memorial - Sydney's main war memorial.

ANZAC Day Dawn Service at AWM, 25 April 2005, 90th anniversary The War Memorial is set amongst parkland The Australian War Memorial is Australias national memorial to the members of all its armed forces and supporting organizations who have died in the wars of the modern state of Australia. ... Detail of monumental sculptures and reliefs, ANZAC War Memorial, Hyde Park, Sydney. ...

References

• Inglis, K.S. assisted by Jan Brazier (1998). Sacred Places: War Memorials in the Australian Landscape, Melbourne University Press, Victoria, Australia.
• Serle, Geoffrey (1982). John Monash: A Biography, Melbourne University Press.

External links

• Shrine of Remembrance, Melbourne - Official Site
• Disability information