Shuaijiao (Chinese: 摔跤 or 摔角; pinyin: Shuāijiāo; Wade-Giles: Shuai-chiao) is the modern term for Chinese and Mongolian wrestling. The word shuai stands for "to throw onto the ground" and jiao may have two meanings; the first and oldest, 角, stands for "horns" and the second and recent, 跤, stands for "wrestle", so Shuaijiao literally means "to throw onto the ground using 'horns'" or "to thrown onto the ground through wrestling". Pinyin (拼音, pÄ«nyÄ«n) literally means join (together) sounds (a less literal translation being phoneticize, spell or transcription) in Chinese and usually refers to HànyÇ” PÄ«nyÄ«n (汉语拼音, literal meaning: Han language pinyin), which is a system of romanization (phonemic notation and transcription to Roman script) for Standard Mandarin. ... Wade-Giles, sometimes abbreviated Wade, is a Romanization (phonetic notation and transliteration) system for the Chinese language based on Mandarin. ... Wrestling may refer to: Sport wrestling Professional wrestling grappling This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ...

As a fighting art it incorporates limb control (joint locks, bars and twists), chokes, footsweeps, throws, groundighting and grappling. Students learn the vital points of human anatomy, but with a view to grasping, pressing and locking them rather than striking them. Chin Na (Wade-Giles: chin na) or Qinna (擒拿, pinyin: q ) is a Mandarin Chinese term describing joint-manipulation techniques for self defense used in the Chinese martial arts, very often involving the study and use of acupressure points to enhance the efficiency of the techniques applied by the... Grappling is an element of many martial arts, and consists of techniques for handling the opponent in which the opponent is held or gripped rather than struck. ... Human anatomy or anthropotomy is a special field within anatomy. ...

Wrestling as a martial art originated in prehistoric times. In the oldest versions of Shuaijiao that we know of, contestants wore horned headgear which they attempted to butt their opponents with. In ancient China, wrestling had many different names according to the current dynasty; Jiaoli, Jiaoti and Shoubo were some of them. By 700 CE wrestling reached such a cultural level that contests were held before the emperor. These contests were held as court amusement and used as eliminatory process for selecting superb martial arts instructors for the military. Some contests would last a week or so, with more than 1,000 participants. Hawaiian State Grappling Championships. ... China is the worlds oldest continuous major civilization, with written records dating back about 3,500 years and with 5,000 years being commonly used by Chinese as the age of their civilization. ... // Events Saint Adamnan convinces 51 kings to adopt Cáin Adomnáin defining the relationship between women and priests. ... An emperor is a (male) monarch, usually the sovereign ruler of an empire or another type of imperial realm. ...