The Shura Council (Arabic: Majilis Al-Shura مجلس الشورى) is the upper house of Egyptian bicameral Parliament. Its name roughly translates into English as "the Consultative Council". The lower house of parliament is the People's Assembly. The President of the Arab Republic of Egypt is the elected Head of State of Egypt. ... Muhammad Hosni Said Mubarak (Arabic: محمد حسنى سيد مبارك Muḥammad ḤusnÄ« Mubārak), commonly known as Hosni Mubarak (Arabic: حسنى مبارك ḤusnÄ« Mubārak), has been the President of Egypt since 14 October 1981. ... List of Heads of Government of Egypt List of Heads of Government of Southern Region of Egypt Affiliations:- See also:- Egypt Rulers and Heads of State of Egypt Colonial Heads of Egypt Lists of Incumbents Categories: Egypt ... Dr. Ahmed Nazif (Arabic: أحمد نظيف ) (born July 8, 1952 in Alexandria) has served as the Prime Minister of Egypt since 14 July 2004. ... The Cabinet of Egypt (Arabic: Al-Hokouma Al-Misreya) is the chief executive body of the Arabic Republic of Egypt. ... The Parliament of Egypt is a bicameral legislature. ... The Peoples Assembly (Arabic: Majilis Al-Sha’ab مجلس الشعب) is the lower house of Egypts bicameral parliament. ... The Egyptian Judicial System (or judicial branch) in Egypt, is an independent branch of the government which includes both secular and religious courts. ... The Supreme Constitutional Court is an independent judiciary body in the Arab Republic of Egypt, with its new seat in the Cairo suburban, Maadi. ... Egypt elects on national level a head of state – a president – and a bicameral legislature. ... The Egyptian presidential election of 2005, held on September 7, 2005, was the first contested presidential election in Egypts history. ... The Egyptian parliamentary elections of 2005 was the scheduled three-stage elections for determining its lower house membership. ... Elections for the Shura Council, the upper house of the Egyptian parliament, was held in Egypt on 11 June 2007 and 18 June 2007. ... Political parties in Egypt lists political parties in this country. ... Political Parties has existed in Egypt approximately during the late 19th century. ... Egypt is divided into 26 governorates (muhafazat, singular - muhafazah): Ad Daqahliyah Al Bahr al Ahmar Al Buhayrah Al Fayyum Al Gharbiyah Al Iskandariyah Al Ismailiyah Al Jizah Al Minufiyah Al Minya Al Qahirah Al Qalyubiyah Al Wadi al Jadid Ash Sharqiyah As Suways Aswan Asyut Bani Suwayf Bur Sa... The governorates of Egypt are divided into regions (markazes). ... Egypts foreign policy operates along a non-aligned level. ... Information on politics by country is available for every country, including both de jure and de facto independent states, inhabited dependent territories, as well as areas of special sovereignty. ... Arabic redirects here. ... For the demesne in The Keys to the Kingdom series, see The House An upper house is one of two chambers of a bicameral legislature, the other chamber being the lower house. ... This article is about bicameralism in government. ... The Parliament of Egypt is a bicameral legislature. ... A lower house is one of two chambers of a bicameral legislature, the other chamber being the upper house. ... The Peoples Assembly (Arabic: Majilis Al-Sha’ab مجلس الشعب) is the lower house of Egypts bicameral parliament. ...

The Shura Council was created in 1980 through a Constitutional Amendment. The Council is composed of 264 members of which 174 members are directly elected and the 88 are appointed by the President of the Republic for six-year terms. Membership is rotating, with one half of the Council renewed every three years. Year 1980 (MCMLXXX) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1980 Gregorian calendar). ... Amend redirects here. ... The President of the Arab Republic of Egypt is the elected Head of State of Egypt. ...

The Shura Council's legislative powers are limited. On most matters of legislation, the People's Assembly retains the last word in the event of a disagreement between the two houses. A legislatureis a type of representative deliberative assembly with the power to ratify laws. ...

Members

The Shura Council must be made up of 264 members, two thirds of the council (176) is elected by a direct ballot, and half of the Council must be farmers or workers, the remaining third (88) is appointed by the President of the Republic.

Term of membership and activities

The term membership of the Shura Council is six years. However, renewed election and appointment of 50% of the total number of members is required every three years, and it is always possible to re-elect or re-appoint those members whose membership has expired. The Constitution has provided many guarantees whereby the Council is able to carry out its tasks and activities. Such Guarantees include:

• The Council may not be dissolved except by a Presidential decree and only in case of necessity.
• Members of the Council have parliamentary immunity.

Candidates criteria

In accordance with the law, any candidate wishing to be elected to the Shura Council should meet the following conditions:

• Hold the Egyptian nationality as well as being the son of an Egyptian national.
• Be not less than 35 years old upon election or nomination.
• Have completed military service or be exempted therefrom.

The Shura Council member is elected by the absolute majority of valid votes cast in the elections.

Powers

Although the powers of the Shura Council are not as extensive or effective as the People’s Assembly, its jurisdiction as provided by Articles (194) and (195) of the Constitution covers the studying and proposing of what is deemed necessary to preserve the principles of the July 23rd revolution and the May 15th, 1971 Corrective Revolution. The Shura Council is to be consulted on the following (Article 195):

The council must ratify:

• Proposals for the amendment of one or more Articles of the Constitution.
• Constitutional amendment bills.
• All treaties or agreements affecting Egypt’s territorial integrity or sovereignty.

In case of disagreements with the People’s Assembly, a combined committee is formed comprising of both chambers’ chairmen and seven members from each chamber. The proposed bill is reconsidered in both chambers. If either still disagrees, the issue is once again in a joint session of both chambers to reach a common statement.

The council is considered on a consultative capacity for:

• Drafts, and general plans for social and economic development.
• Bills referred to the Council by the President of the Republic.
• All matters relating to the state’s general policy or international issues referred to the Shura Council by the President of the Republic.

In this case, the council submits its decision to the president and the People’s Assembly.

Parliamentary elections

There are currently 18 recognised political parties covering a broad political spectrum. However, the formation of political parties based on religion is prohibited by the Constitution. Opposition and political pressure groups, like the Muslim Brotherhood, are active in Egypt and make their views public, and they are represented at various levels in the political system. However, power is concentrated in the hands of the President of the Republic and the National Democratic Party which retains a super-majority in the People's Assembly. Political Parties redirects here. ... Political parties Part of the Politics series Politics Portal This box:      A political spectrum is a way of visualizing different political positions. ... The Muslim Brothers (Arabic: الإخوان المسلمون al-ikhwān al-muslimÅ«n, full title The Society of the Muslim Brothers, often simply الإخوان al-ikhwān, the Brotherhood or MB) is a world-wide Sunni Islamist movement and the worlds largest, most influential Islamist group[1]. The MB is the largest political... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ...

The November 2000 parliamentary elections are generally regarded to have been more transparent and better executed than past elections. This is due to the new law put into force establishing universal judicial monitoring of polling stations. On the other hand, opposition parties continue to lodge credible complaints about electoral manipulation by the government. There are significant restrictions on the political process and freedom of expression for non-governmental organisations, including professional syndicates and organisations promoting respect for human rights. Year 2000 (MM) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full 2000 Gregorian calendar). ... Human rights are rights which some hold to be inalienable and belonging to all humans. ...

Latest election

Main article: Egyptian Shura Council election, 2007

Elections for the Shura Council, the upper house of the Egyptian parliament, was held in Egypt on 11 June 2007 and 18 June 2007. ... is the 162nd day of the year (163rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 169th day of the year (170th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... The National Progressive Unionist Party (in Arabic: Hizb al Tajamaa al Wataniyah al Tagadamm al Wahdwa, commonly refered to as Tajammu) is a major political party (socialist) in Egypt. ... The New Wafd Party (New Delegation Party; Arabic: Hizb al-Wafd al-Jadid حزب الوفد الجديد) is a nationalist liberal party in Egypt. ... The Nasserist Party is a political party in Egypt. ...

External links

• Shura Council (Egyptian Government Information Service)