Shutter speed can have a dramatic impact on the appearance of moving objects. Changes in background blurring are apparent from the need to adjust the aperture size to achieve proper exposure.

The shutter speed dial of a Fujica STX-1.

Slow shutter speed combined with panning the camera can achieve a motion blur for moving objects.

A photo of sparks coming from coals (exposure time 15 seconds)

A photo of dark street at night (exposure time 20 seconds)

In photography, shutter speed is length of time shutter is open; the total exposure is proportional to this exposure time, or duration of light reaching the film or image sensor. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... a big (1) and a small (2) aperture For other uses, see Aperture (disambiguation). ... Image File history File links A digital picture of the shutter speed control, the shutter release, and the film advance lever of my Fujika STX-1. ... Image File history File links A digital picture of the shutter speed control, the shutter release, and the film advance lever of my Fujika STX-1. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1600x1067, 291 KB) Truck with motion blur achieved by panning camera at a slow shutter speed File links The following pages link to this file: Shutter speed Motion blur Dump truck ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1600x1067, 291 KB) Truck with motion blur achieved by panning camera at a slow shutter speed File links The following pages link to this file: Shutter speed Motion blur Dump truck ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (2816 × 2112 pixel, file size: 1. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (2816 × 2112 pixel, file size: 1. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (1280 × 960 pixel, file size: 609 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File historyClick on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (1280 × 960 pixel, file size: 609 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File historyClick on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. ... Photography [fәtɑgrәfi:],[foʊtɑgrәfi:] is the process of recording pictures by means of capturing light on a light-sensitive medium, such as a film or electronic sensor. ... It has been suggested that Leaf shutter be merged into this article or section. ... A photograph with an exposure time of 25 seconds A photograph of a night-time sky with an exposure time of 8 seconds In photography, exposure is the total amount of light allowed to fall on the photographic medium (photographic film or image sensor) during the process of taking a... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Hello--80. ...

Most factors that affect the total exposure include the scene luminance and the aperture size; photographers can trade off shutter speed and aperture by using units of stops. A stop up and down on each will halve or double the amount of light regulated by each; exposures of equal exposure value can be easily calculated and selected. For any given total exposure, or exposure value, a fast shutter speed requires a larger aperture (smaller f-number). Similarly, a slow shutter speed, a longer length of time, can be compensated by a smaller aperture (larger f-number). Luminance (also called luminosity) is a photometric measure of the density of luminous intensity in a given direction. ... a big (1) and a small (2) aperture For other uses, see Aperture (disambiguation). ... Fast shutter speed, short exposure Slow Shutter speed, long exposure In photography, exposure value (EV) is a value given to all combinations of camera shutter speed and aperture that gives the same exposure. ... A 35mm lens set to f/11, as indicated by the white dot above the f-stop scale on the aperture ring In photography the f-number (focal ratio) expresses the diameter of the diaphragm aperture in terms of the effective focal length of the lens. ...

Slow shutter speeds are often used in low light conditions, extending the time until the shutter closes, and increasing the amount of light gathered. This basic principle of photography, the exposure, is used in film and digital cameras, the image sensor effectively acting like film when exposed by the shutter. A SiPix digital camera next to a matchbox to show scale Nikon D200 SLR with Nikon film scanner, which converts film images to digital A Hasselblad 503CW with a digital camera back A digital camera is an electronic device used to capture and store photographs digitally, instead of using photographic...

Shutter speed is measured in seconds. A typical shutter speed for photographs taken in sunlight is 1/125th of a second. In addition to its effect on exposure, shutter speed changes the way movement appears in the picture. Very short shutter speeds are used to freeze fast-moving subjects, for example at sporting events. Very long shutter speeds are used to intentionally blur a moving subject for artistic effect.^[1] Look up second in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

Adjustment to the aperture controls the depth of field, the distance range over which objects are acceptably sharp; such adjustments generally need to be compensated by changes in the shutter speed. In optics, particularly film and photography, the depth of field (DOF) is the distance in front of and beyond the subject that appears to be in focus. ...

In early days of photography, available shutter speeds were somewhat ad hoc.^[2] Following the adoption of a standardized way of representing aperture so that each major step exactly doubled or halved the amount of light entering the camera (f/2.8, f/4, f/5.6, f/8, f/11, f/16, etc.), a standardized 2:1 scale was adopted for shutter speed so that opening one aperture stop and reducing the shutter speed by one step resulted in the identical exposure. The agreed standards for shutter speeds are:^[3] Ad hoc is a Latin phrase which means for this [purpose]. It generally signifies a solution that has been tailored to a specific purpose, such as a tailor-made suit, a handcrafted network protocol, and specific-purpose equation and things like that. ... a big (1) and a small (2) aperture For other uses, see Aperture (disambiguation). ...

• 1/1000 s
• 1/500 s
• 1/250 s
• 1/125 s
• 1/60 s
• 1/30 s
• 1/15 s
• 1/8 s
• 1/4 s
• 1/2 s
• 1 s

This scale can be extended at either end in specialist cameras. Some older cameras use the 2:1 ratio at slightly different values, such as 1/100 s and 1/50 s, although mechanical shutter mechanisms were rarely precise enough for the difference to have any significance.

The term "speed" is used in reference to short exposure times as fast, and long exposure times as slow. Shutter speeds are often designated by the reciprocal time, for example 60 for 1/60 s.

Camera shutters often include one or two other settings for making very long exposures:

• B (for bulb) — keep the shutter open as long as the shutter release is held
• T (for time) — keep the shutter open until the shutter release is pressed again

The ability of the photographer to take images without noticeable blurring by camera movement is an important parameter in the choice of slowest possible shutter speed for a handheld camera. The rough guide used by most 35 mm photographers is that the slowest shutter speed that can be used easily without much blur due to camera shake is the shutter speed numerically closest to the lens focal length. For example, for handheld use of a 35 mm camera with a 50 mm normal lens, the closest shutter speed is 1/60 s. This rule can be augmented with knowledge of the intended application for the photograph, an image intended for significant enlargement and closeup viewing would require faster shutter speeds to avoid obvious blur. Through practice and special techniques such as bracing the camera, arms, or body to minimize camera movement longer shutter speeds can be used without blur. If a shutter speed is too slow for hand holding, a camera support — usually a tripod — must be used. Image stabilization can often permit the use of shutter speeds 3-4 stops slower (exposures 8-16 times longer). Bulb is a shutter-speed setting on an adjustable camera that allows for time exposures. ... 135 Film Size, Kodak Tri-X 400 speed 135 (ISO 1007) is a film format for still photography. ... In photography and cinematography a normal lens is a lens that generates images that are generally held to have a natural perspective similar to human eyesight, compared with lenses with longer or shorter focal lengths. ... Look up tripod in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Image stabilization is a family of techniques to increase the stability of an image. ...

Shutter priority refers to a shooting mode used in semi-automatic cameras. It allows the photographer to choose a shutter speed setting and allow the camera to decide the correct aperture. This is sometimes referred to as Shutter Speed Priority Auto Exposure, or Tv mode.

Cinematographic shutter formula

In cinematography, shutter speed is a function of the frame rate and shutter angle. Most motion picture film cameras use a rotating shutter with a shutter angle of 165° or 180°, which leaves the film exposed for about 1/48 or 1/50 second at a standard 24 frame/s.^[4] ‹ The template below is being considered for deletion. ... Frame rate, or frame frequency, is the measurement of the frequency (rate) at which an imaging device produces unique consecutive images called frames. ... Adjusting the shutter angle affects the amount of time that film is exposed to light. ... When the shutter is open, the film is exposed. ...

Where E = Exposure, F = Frames per second, and S = Shutter angle:^[4]

References

See also

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:

Shutter speed

• exposure
• shutter
• f-number
• exposure value