Space Shuttle Buran landing, with MiG-25 chase plane
Buran Russian: Буран
Orbiter Vehicle Designation:	11F35 K1
Country:	Soviet Union
Named after:	"Snowstorm" [1]
First flight:	1K1 15 November 1988 [1]
Last flight:	1K1 15 November 1988 [1]
Number of missions:	1 [1]
Crews:	0 [1]
Time spent in space:	3 hours
Number of orbits:	2 [1]
Status:	Decommissioned, destroyed in hangar collapse

The Shuttle Buran, serial number 11F35 K1, was the only space shuttle to come out of the Shuttle Buran program that was completed. It only flew in space once, in 1988, before the program was cancelled in 1993. Image File history File linksMetadata Buran_landing. ... MiG 25 Foxbat The MiG-25 (NATO reporting name Foxbat) is a high-speed interceptor and reconnaissance aircraft produced by the Soviet Unions Mikoyan-Gurevich design bureau. ... Each NASA space shuttle designation is composed of a prefix and suffix seperated by a dash. ... Buran shuttle before liftoff. ... November 15 is the 319th day of the year (320th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 46 days remaining. ... 1988 (MCMLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. ... November 15 is the 319th day of the year (320th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 46 days remaining. ... 1988 (MCMLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Model of Energia rocket with Buran shuttle The Soviet reusable spacecraft program Buran (Бура́н meaning snowstorm or blizzard in Russian) began in 1976 at TsAGI as a response to the United States Space Shuttle program. ...

Like its American cousin, the Buran was transported on the back of a large jet airplane from its landing sites back to the launch complex. It was piggy-backed on the Soviet (now Ukrainian) Antonov An-225 aircraft, which was designed for this task, and is the largest powered aircraft in the world. Motto: Пролетарии всех стран, соединяйтесь! (Transliterated: Proletarii vsekh stran, soedinyaytes!) (Russian: Workers of the world, unite!) Anthem: The Internationale (1922-1944) Hymn of the Soviet Union (1944-1991) Capital Moscow Largest city Moscow Official language(s) None; Russian de facto Government Federation of Soviet Republics Establishment October Revolution  - Declared 30 December 1922   - Recognized 1... Private Antonov AN-2 in the UK Antonov, aka Antonov Aeronautical Scientific/Technical Complex (Antonov ASTC) (Ukrainian: ) is a Ukraine-based (since 1952) aircraft manufacturing and services company (design office prefix An) with particular expertise in the field of very large aircraft construction. ... An-225 carrying a Buran shuttle The Antonov An-225 Mriya (NATO reporting name: Cossack) is a strategic airlift transport airplane that was built by Antonov (ASTC). ...

First flight

The first and only orbital launch of the (unmanned) shuttle Buran 1.01 was at 3:00 UTC on 15 November 1988. It was lifted into orbit by the specially designed Energia booster rocket. The life support system was not installed and no software was installed on the CRT displays. ^[1] It has been suggested that leap second be merged into this article or section. ... November 15 is the 319th day of the year (320th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 46 days remaining. ... 1988 (MCMLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Cathode ray tube employing electromagnetic focus and deflection Cutaway rendering of a color CRT Electron guns Electron beams Focusing coils Deflection coils Anode connection Mask for separating beams for red, green, and blue part of displayed image Phosphor layer with red, green, and blue zones Close-up of the phosphor...

The shuttle orbited the Earth twice in 206 minutes of flight;^[2] the number of orbits was limited by the amount of available computer memory.^[1] On its return, it performed an automated landing on the shuttle runway at Baikonur Cosmodrome, where despite a lateral wind speed of 17 metres/second it made a successful landing only 3 metres laterally and 10 metres longitudinally from that aimed for. ^[2] The Baikonur Cosmodrome (Kazakh: Байқоңыр ғарыш айлағы, Bayqoñır ğarış aylağı; Russian: Космодром Байконур, Kosmodrom Baykonur), also called Tyuratam, is the worlds oldest and largest working space launch facility. ...

Part of the launch was televised, but the actual lift-off was not shown. This led to some speculation that the mission may have been fabricated, and that the subsequent landing may not have been from orbit but from a shuttle-carrying aircraft. In the United States, this procedure was used with Space Shuttle Enterprise to test the flight characteristics of the Space Shuttle on approach and landing, so that by the time mission STS-1 drew to a close, the handling characteristics of Space Shuttle Columbia would be known. Since then, the launch video has been released to the public, confirming that the shuttle did indeed lift off, with the poor weather conditions described by the Russian media at the time easily seen. ^[3] The Space Shuttle Enterprise (NASA Orbiter Vehicle Designation: OV-101) was the first Space Shuttle built for NASA. It was constructed without engines or a functional heat shield and was therefore not capable of space operations; her purpose was to perform test flights in the atmosphere. ... This article is about the NASA Space Shuttle vehicle. ... The first Space Shuttle mission, STS-1, launched April 12, 1981, returned April 14. ... Space Shuttle Columbia (NASA Orbiter Vehicle Designation: OV-102) was the first space shuttle in NASAs orbital fleet. ...

Projected flights

Buran shuttle before liftoff.

As of 1989, it was projected that the Shuttle Buran would have an unmanned second flight in 1993, with a duration of 15-20 days. ^[4] Due to the cancellation of the project, this never took place. Image File history File links public domain image from NASA File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image File history File links public domain image from NASA File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ...

Destruction

On May 12, 2002, the hangar, housing a Buran 1.01 orbiter and a mockup of the Energia booster rocket, collapsed due to incomplete maintenance, destroying the vehicle. Eight workers were also killed in the collapse of the building's roof. [1]
Collapsed Hangar Photo http://www.buran.ru/images/jpg/bbur89.jpg ,
Remains of Buran Photo http://www.buran.ru/images/jpg/bbur90.jpg, The Buran's right front windshield is still visible under the debris.
May 12 is the 132nd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (133rd in leap years). ... For album titles with the same name, see 2002 (album). ... Hangars can be used to hold airplanes, airships and helicopters. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...

References

November 12 is the 316th day of the year (317th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 49 days remaining. ... 1997 (MCMXCVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... August 15 is the 227th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (228th in leap years), with 138 days remaining. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... July 3 is the 184th day of the year (185th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 181 days remaining. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... September 13 is the 256th day of the year (257th in leap years). ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... August 5 is the 217th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (218th in leap years), with 148 days remaining. ...

External links

• Buran's first flight, lift-off video
• Detailled site about the Buran space shuttle
• NPO MOLNIYA Research and Industrial Corporation
• A personal view of Buran

v·d·e  Space Shuttles
	US Space Shuttle program Enterprise (atmospheric tests) Pathfinder (ground facilities tests) Columbia (destroyed 2003) Challenger (destroyed 1986) Discovery (active) Atlantis (active) Endeavour (active)	Soviet Shuttle Buran program OK-GLI (BST-02) (aerotester) Buran (retired, destroyed 2002) Ptichka (95–97% completed, unused) 2.01 (incomplete) 2.02 (partially dismantled) 2.03 (dismantled)