"Sicilian Vespers" (1846), by Francesco Hayez

The Sicilian Vespers is the name given to a rebellion in Sicily in 1282 against the rule of the Angevin king Charles I, who had taken control of the island with Papal support in 1266. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (2024x1489, 240 KB) Description: Title: de: Gemäldeserie Â»Sizilianische Abende«, Szene 3 Technique: de: Öl auf Leinwand Dimensions: de: 225 × 300 cm Country of origin: de: Italien Current location (city): de: Rom Current location (gallery): de: Galleria Nazionale dArte Moderna... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (2024x1489, 240 KB) Description: Title: de: Gemäldeserie Â»Sizilianische Abende«, Szene 3 Technique: de: Öl auf Leinwand Dimensions: de: 225 × 300 cm Country of origin: de: Italien Current location (city): de: Rom Current location (gallery): de: Galleria Nazionale dArte Moderna... The Kiss by Francesco Hayez Francesco Hayez (1791-1882) was the leading homosexual artist of Romanticism in mid-19th-century Milan, renowned for his great historical paintings, political allegories and exceptionally fine portraits External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Francesco Hayez More information Categories: ‪Artist stubs‬ | ‪1791 births... Sicilian disambiguates here; see also Sicilian language or Sicilian Defence. ... For broader historical context, see 1280s and 13th century. ... Angevin is the name applied to three distinct medieval dynasties which originated as counts (from 1360, dukes) of the western French province of Anjou (of which angevin is the adjectival form), but later came to rule far greater areas including England, Hungary and Poland (see Angevin Empire). ... Charles I (March 1227 - January 7, 1285) was the posthumous son of King Louis VIII of France, created Count of Anjou by his elder brother King Louis IX in 1246, thus founding the second Angevin dynasty. ... The Pope is the Catholic Bishop and patriarch of Rome, and head of the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Catholic Churches. ... For broader historical context, see 1260s and 13th century. ...

The rising had its origin in the struggle between the Holy Roman Empire, represented by the Hohenstaufen emperors, and the Papacy for control over Italy. When the last Hohenstaufen Manfred of Sicily was defeated in 1266, the kingdom of Sicily was entrusted to Charles of Anjou by Pope Urban IV. This page is about the Germanic empire. ... Arms of the Hohenstaufen The Hohenstaufen were a dynasty of Kings of Germany, many of whom were also crowned Holy Roman Emperor and Dukes of Swabia. ... The Pope is the Catholic Bishop and patriarch of Rome, and head of the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Catholic Churches. ... Manfred (c. ... For broader historical context, see 1260s and 13th century. ... Urban IV, born Jacques Pantaléon (Troyes, ca. ...

Charles regarded his Sicilian territories as a springboard for his Mediterranean wide ambitions, which included the overthrow of the Byzantine emperor Michael VIII Palaeologus. His French officials (who governed Sicily badly) mistreated the native Sicilians, including rape, theft and murder without reproach. The Mediterranean Sea is an intercontinental sea positioned between Europe to the north, Africa to the south and Asia to the east, covering an approximate area of 2. ... This is a list of Byzantine Emperors. ... The Byzantine Empire in 1265 (William R. Shepherd, Historical Atlas, 1911) Michael VIII (1225 – December 11, 1282) was the founder of the Palaeologos dynasty that would rule the Byzantine Empire to the Fall of Constantinople in 1453. ...

There are two interpretations, not necessarily mutually exclusive, of events. One stresses the weltpolitik of Michael Palaeologus and the Aragonese king Peter III in fomenting the revolt; the other concentrates on the grassroots unpopularity of Charles's rule among the native Sicilians. The latter view gained popularity during the Risorgimento, when it was propounded by the patriot Michele Amari during the nineteenth century. Regarding the former, Michael VIII in his autobiography wrote: "Should I dare to claim ,that I was God's instrument to bring freedom to the Sicilians, then I should only be stating the truth." The Weltpolitik (world policy) strategy was adopted by Germany in the late 19th century, replacing the earlier Realpolitik approach. ... Capital Zaragoza Area  â€“ Total  â€“ % of Spain Ranked 4th  47 719 km²  9,4% Population  â€“ Total (2003)  â€“ % of Spain  â€“ Density Ranked 11th  1 217 514  2,9%  25,51/km² Demonym  â€“ English  â€“ Spanish  Aragonese  aragonés Statute of Autonomy August 16, 1982 ISO 3166-2 AR Parliamentary representation  â€“ Congress seats  â€“ Senate... Peter III of Aragon (Catalan: Pere) (1239 – November 11, 1285, also Peter I of Valencia, Peter II of Barcelona), known as the Great, was the king of Aragon and Valencia and count of Barcelona from 1276 to 1285. ... Italian unification, also known as Risorgimento (resurrection), was a historical process by which the Kingdom of Sardinia (ruled by the Savoy dynasty with Turin as its capital) gradually conquered the Italian peninsula, including the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, the Duchy of Modena, the Grand Duchy of Tuscany, the Duchy... Michele Amari (1806-1889) was an Italian patriot, born at Palermo, devoted a great part of his life to the history of Sicily, and took part in its emancipation; was an Orientalist as well; he is famous for throwing light on the true character of the Sicilian Vespers. ...

The event is so named because the insurrection began at the start of the evening prayer service of vespers on Easter Monday (March 30, 1282) at the Church of the Holy Spirit just outside Palermo and eventually led to the massacre of thousands of Sicily's French inhabitants over the course of the next six weeks. The exact events that started the uprising are not known for sure, but all the retellings have common elements. Vespers is the evening prayer service in the Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox liturgies of the canonical hours. ... Easter Monday is a Christian holiday celebrated the next day after Easter Sunday. ... March 30 is the 89th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (90th in Leap years). ... Nickname: Palermu Motto: Official website: http://www. ...

According to Steven Runciman, Sicilians at the church were engaged in holiday festivities and a group of French officials came by to join in and began to drink. A sergeant named Drouet dragged a young married woman from the crowd, pestering her with his advances. Her husband then attacked Drouet with a knife, killing him. When the other Frenchmen tried to avenge their comrade, the Sicilian crowd fell upon them, killing them all. At that moment the chuch bell at the Holy Spirit and all the church bells in Palermo began to ring for Vespers. Sir James Cochran Stevenson Runciman (7 July 1903 - 1 November 2000) was a British historian known for his work on the Middle Ages. ...

According to Leonardo Bruni (1416), the Palermitans were holding a festival outside the city when the French came up to check for weapons, and on that pretext began to fondle the breasts of their women. This then started a riot, the French were attacked first with rocks, then weapons, killing them all. The news then spread to other cities leading to open revolt throughout Sicily. "By the time the furious anger at their insolence had drunk its fill of blood, the French had given up to the Sicilians not only their ill-gotten riches, but their lives as well". Leonardo Bruni Leonardo Bruni (1374 – 1444) was a leading humanist, historian and a chancellor of Florence. ...

According to one legend, that has no source or attribution, the rebellion started after a Sicilian woman went to a church in Palermo to look for her young daughter, who had spent the whole day there praying, only to find her being raped in the church by a French soldier — whereupon the mother then ran into the streets, shouting Ma fia! Ma fia! (meaning "My daughter! My daughter!" in medieval Sicilian dialect). Although some have claimed that this is a plausible explanation of the origins of the word "Mafia", it has all the marks of folk etymology. Nickname: Palermu Motto: Official website: http://www. ... The Mafia, also referred to in Italian as Cosa Nostra (lit. ... Folk etymology (or popular etymology) is a linguistic term for a category of false etymology which has grown up in popular lore, as opposed to one which arose in scholarly usage. ...

Taking advantage of the revolt, King Peter III of Aragon launched a successful invasion, becoming also Peter I of Sicily. Peter III of Aragon (Catalan: Pere) (1239 – November 11, 1285, also Peter I of Valencia, Peter II of Barcelona), known as the Great, was the king of Aragon and Valencia and count of Barcelona from 1276 to 1285. ... Capital Zaragoza Area  â€“ Total  â€“ % of Spain Ranked 4th  47 719 km²  9,4% Population  â€“ Total (2003)  â€“ % of Spain  â€“ Density Ranked 11th  1 217 514  2,9%  25,51/km² Demonym  â€“ English  â€“ Spanish  Aragonese  aragonés Statute of Autonomy August 16, 1982 ISO 3166-2 AR Parliamentary representation  â€“ Congress seats  â€“ Senate...

Charles remained in control of the mainland Kingdom of Naples until his death in 1285, and his heirs continued to reign there until Peter's successors reunited the two territories in 1442. The Kingdom of Naples was born out of the division of the Kingdom of Sicily after the Sicilian Vespers rebellion of 1282. ... For broader historical context, see 1280s and 13th century. ... Events The community of Rauma, Finland was granted its town rights. ...

Trivia

In the 20th Century, the name Sicilian Vespers would come to refer to the night of September 10, 1931, when gangster Lucky Luciano ordered the deaths of several Mafia soldiers loyal to crime boss Salvatore Maranzano and his rival, Joseph Masseria, ending the Castellammarese War in New York City. September 10 is the 253rd day of the year (254th in leap years). ... 1931 (MCMXXXI) is a common year starting on Thursday. ... Lucky Luciano. ... Salvatore Maranzano (1868-September 10, 1931) was an organized crime figure from the town of Castellammare del Golfo, Sicily, and an early Mafia boss in the United States. ... Joe The Boss Masseria Giuseppe Joe The Boss Masseria (1879–April 15, 1931) was an early Mafia don in the United States. ... The Castellammarese War is the name given to a bloody internal power struggle between two factions of Italian-American mafia figures that took place in 1930 and 1931. ...

References

• Steven Runciman (1958),The Sicilian Vespers, ISBN 0521437741 - Considered a classic of history.
• Leonardo Bruni (1416), History of the Florentine People, Harvard, 2001, ISBN 0674005066 - Regarded as the first history book to be called "modern", and the first modern historian, it also happens to cover the events of this period.