Kołobrzeg ([kɔ'wɔbʒεg] (help· info); German: Kolberg (help·info); Kashubian: Kòłobrzeg; Latin: Cholbergensis) is a city in Middle Pomerania in north-western Poland with some 50,000 inhabitants (as of 2000). Kołobrzeg is located on the Parsęta River on the south coast of the Baltic Sea (in the middle of the section divided by the Oder and Vistula Rivers). It has been the capital of Kołobrzeg County in West Pomeranian Voivodship since 1999, and previously was in Koszalin Voivodship (1950-1998). Image File history File links Herb_Kolobrzegu. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links Red_pog. ... This is an alphabetical list of the sovereign states of the world, including both de jure and de facto independent states. ... A Voivodship (also voivodeship, Romanian: Voievodat, Polish: Województwo, Serbian: Vojvodstvo or Vojvodina) was a feudal state in medieval Romania, Hungary, Poland, Russia and Serbia (see Vojvodina), ruled by a Voivod (voivode). ... Capital city Szczecin Area 22,896 km² Population (2004)  - Density 1,694,865 74/km² Powiats  - Urban counties  - Land counties 3 18 Communes 114 Administrative divisions: West Pomeranian Voivodeship (also West Pomerania Province — Polish: województwo zachodniopomorskie) is a voivodeship, or province, in northwestern Poland. ... The following is a list of powiats in Poland. ... KoÅ‚obrzeg County (Polish: ) is a powiat (county) in Poland, in West Pomeranian Voivodeship. ... The municipality or commune (Polish: gmina, plural: gminy) is the principal unit (lowest level) of territorial division in Poland. ... As a means of recording the passage of time, the 10th century was that century which lasted from 901 to 1000. ... Events Königsberg was founded Births Emperor Albert I of Germany, in July Deaths Monarchs/Presidents Aragon - James I King of Aragon and count of Barcelona (reigned from 1213 to 1276) Categories: 1255 ... Area is a physical quantity expressing the size of a part of a surface. ... Square kilometre (US spelling: Square kilometer), symbol km², is an SI unit of surface area. ... A square mile is an English unit of area equal to that of a square with sides each 1 statute mile (≈1,609 m) in length. ... Population density by country, 2006 Population density is a measurement of population per unit area or unit volume. ... A time zone is a region of the Earth that has adopted the same standard time, usually referred to as the local time. ... Time zones of Europe: Light colours indicate countries not observing summer time Central European Time (CET) is one of the names of the time zone that is 1 hour ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. ... Central European Time West Africa Time British Summer Time* Irish Summer Time* Western European Summer Time* Category: ... Though DST is common in Europe and North America, most of the worlds people do not use it. ... Time zones of Europe: Pale colours indicate countries without daylight saving Central European Summer Time (CEST) is one of the names of UTC+2 time zone, 2 hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. ... Eastern European Time Central Africa Time Israel Standard Time South Africa Standard Time Central European Summer Time West Africa Summer Time Category: ... Postal codes are generally clearly visible outside local Australian post offices. ... // Introduction to this topic - includes background information for people living outside Poland Common to many countries - in fact there is a growing tendency to do so since the UK also began regionalising plates in 2002 - Poland has the region of registration of the vehicle encoded in the number plate. ... Image File history File links Pl-KoÅ‚obrzeg. ... Kashubian or Cassubian (Kashubian: kaszëbsczi jãzëk, pòmòrsczi jãzëk, kaszëbskò-sÅ‚owiÅ„skô mòwa) is one of the Lechitic languages, which are a group of Slavic languages. ... Latin was the language originally spoken in the region around Rome called Latium. ... Look up city, City in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Middle Pomerania is a geographical and historical region in the middle of Pomerania in northern Poland, between Western and Eastern Pomerania. ... Duchy of Pomerania, ruled by the slavic dynasty of the Griffins (Polish: Gryfici, German: Greifen), was a semi-independent principality in the 17th century. ... ParsÄ™ta is a river in north-western Poland, a tributary of the Baltic Sea, with a length of 132 kilometres and the basin area of 3,151 km². Towns: BiaÅ‚ogard KoÅ‚obrzeg Karlino See also: rivers of Poland, list of rivers of Europe. ... The Baltic Sea is located in Northern Europe, from 53°N to 66°N latitude and from 20°E to 26°E longitude. ... The Oder River (Czech/Polish: Odra, German: Oder, Ancient Latin: Viadua, Viadrus, Medieval Latin: Odera, Oddera) is a river in Central Europe. ... The Vistula (Polish: ) is with 1,047 kilometers (678 miles) the longest river in Poland. ... KoÅ‚obrzeg County (Polish: ) is a powiat (county) in Poland, in West Pomeranian Voivodeship. ... West Pomeranian Voivodship. ... Koszalin Voivodship (2) (Polish: województwo koszalińskie) - a unit of administrative division and local government in Poland in years 1975-1998, superseded by West Pomeranian Voivodship. ...

History

The city was founded in the 9th century, but traces of a previous settlement exist from the 6th century. In its early history, Kołobrzeg was a major port on the Baltic Sea and produced much salt, which was then one of the most expensive trading goods. 2000 (MM) was a leap year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... For album titles with the same name, see 2002 (album). ... shelby was here 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... As a means of recording the passage of time the 9th century was that century that lasted from 801 to 900. ... The 6th century is the period from 501 - 600 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian Era. ... The Baltic Sea is located in Northern Europe, from 53°N to 66°N latitude and from 20°E to 26°E longitude. ... For other uses, see Salt (disambiguation). ...

The city with the rest of Pomerania was conquered several times, and first included (or possibly re-included^{[citation needed]}, as new archaeological finds seem to indicate^{[citation needed]}) into the Polish realm by Mieszko I of Poland in 972. After the Congress of Gniezno in 1000, the Holy Roman Emperor Otto III granted Poland the right to form a separate church hierarchy. One of the newly founded dioceses was located in Kołobrzeg, which was under the archdiocese of Gniezno. The first bishop of Kolberg was Reinbern from Hochseegau. The diocese and direct links with the Polish kingdom ended when Bolesław I Chrobry withdrew his troops from the area around 1013, driven out by pagan Pomeranians unwilling to convert to Christianity. Duchy of Pomerania, ruled by the slavic dynasty of the Griffins (Polish: Gryfici, German: Greifen), was a semi-independent principality in the 17th century. ... Reign ca. ... Events Otto II marries Theophanu, Byzantine princess. ... The Congress of Gniezno took place on March 11th 1000 and is one of the more important events in Polish history, though scholars disagree over the details of the decisions made at the meeting, especially whether the Polish prince was pledged the kings crown or not. ... Europe in 1000 The year 1000 of the Gregorian Calendar was the last year of the 10th century as well as the last year of the first millennium. ... Pope Pius XI blesses Bishop Stephen Alencastre as fifth Apostolic Vicar of the Hawaiian Islands in a Cathedral of Our Lady of Peace window. ... In some Christian churches, the diocese is an administrative territorial unit governed by a bishop, sometimes also referred to as a bishopric or episcopal see, though more often the term episcopal see means the office held by the bishop. ... Gniezno (pronounced: [gɲȋεznÉ”]) is a town in central-western Poland, some 50 km east of PoznaÅ„, inhabited by about 73,000 people. ... This article is about a title or office in religious bodies. ... Reign From 992 until 1025 Coronation On April 18, 1025 in Gniezno Cathedral, Poland Royal House Piast Coat of Arms Orzeł Piastowski Parents Mieszko I Dubrawka Consorts Rikdaga Judith Enmilda Oda Children with Judith Bezprym with Enmilda Regelina Mieszko II Lambert Otton with Oda Matylda Date of Birth 966... Events Danish invasion of England under king Sweyn I. King Ethelred flees to Normandy, and Sweyn becomes king of England. ...

A century later, Kołobrzeg was again taken over by Poland under Bolesław Krzywousty. A diocese was in existence in 1124 under Prince-Bishop Otto of Bamberg . In the late 12th century Pomerania gave homage to the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation and Denmark. On May 23, 1255, the city was chartered under Lübeck law by Duke Warcisław III, and Germanic settlers from the Holy Roman Empire started to arrive. From 1637 till 1721 Pomerania and Kolberg were part of the Swedish Kingdom (the king of Sweden being also a duke of the German Empire), and after the Great Northern War they became part of the Kingdom of Prussia. In 1761 the city was captured by the Russian commander Peter Rumyantsev during the Seven Years' War, but at the end of the war it was returned to Prussia. External links Map of the feudal dissolution Categories: Poland-related stubs | Polish monarchs | 1086 births | 1136 deaths ... Events March 26 - Henry I of Englands forces defeat Norman rebels at Bourgtheroulde. ... Prince-Bishop was the title given bishops who held secular powers, beside their inherent clerical power. ... Otto (Otto I. of Bamberg) was born about 1060 into a noble family in Mistelbach, Swabia. ... (11th century - 12th century - 13th century - other centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 12th century was that century which lasted from 1101 to 1200. ... Duchy of Pomerania, ruled by the slavic dynasty of the Griffins (Polish: Gryfici, German: Greifen), was a semi-independent principality in the 17th century. ... The extent of the Holy Roman Empire in c. ... is the 143rd day of the year (144th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events Königsberg was founded Births Emperor Albert I of Germany, in July Deaths Monarchs/Presidents Aragon - James I King of Aragon and count of Barcelona (reigned from 1213 to 1276) Categories: 1255 ... Lübecks law was from the 13th century in the Middle Ages the foundation for municipal laws in many neighbouring cities on the Baltic Sea. ... The extent of the Holy Roman Empire in c. ... Events February 3 - Tulipmania collapses in Netherlands by government order February 15 - Ferdinand III becomes Holy Roman Emperor December 17 - Shimabara Rebellion erupts in Japan Pierre de Fermat makes a marginal claim to have proof of what would become known as Fermats last theorem. ... // Events Pope Innocent XIII becomes pope Johann Sebastian Bach composes the Brandenburg Concertos April 4 - Robert Walpole becomes the first prime minister of Britain September 10 - Treaty of Nystad is signed, bringing an end to the Great Northern War November 2 - Peter I is proclaimed Emperor of All the Russias... Sweden is a constitutional monarchy with a representative democracy based on a parliamentary system. ... Combatants Sweden Ottoman Empire (1710–1714) Ukrainian Cossacks Russia Denmark-Norway Poland-Lithuania Saxony later also Prussia, Hanover Commanders Charles XII of Sweden Ahmed III Ivan Mazepa Peter the Great Augustus II the Strong Frederick IV of Denmark Strength 77,000 in the beginning of the war. ... Anthem Preußenlied, Heil dir im Siegerkranz (both unofficial) The Kingdom of Prussia at its greatest extent, at the time of the formation of the German Empire, 1871 Capital Berlin Government Monarchy King  - 1701 — 1713 Frederick I (first)  - 1888 — 1918 William II (last) Prime minister  - 1848 Adolf Heinrich von Arnim... 1761 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... The Rumyantsev family were the Russian counts prominent in the imperial politics of the 18th and early 19th century. ... Combatants Prussia Great Britain Hanover Portugal Brunswick Hesse-Kassel Austria France Russia Sweden Spain Saxony Naples and Sicily Sardinia The Seven Years War(i) (1754 and 1756–1763), incorporating the Pomeranian War and the French and Indian War enveloped both European and colonial theatres. ...

During Napoleon's invasion of Prussia, the city was besieged by French armies from April 26 to July 2, 1807. In a heroic defense, led by then Lieutenant-Colonel Gneisenau, the city held out until the war was ended by the Treaty of Tilsit. This historic event was used shortly before the end of the Second World War by Joseph Goebbels for the last Nazi propaganda film Kolberg. The film was meant to inspire the Germans with its depiction of the heroic Prussian defence of the city in 1807 during the Napoleonic Wars. Tremendous resources were devoted to filming this epic, even diverting tens of thousands of troops from the front lines to have them serve as extras in battle scenes. Ironically, the film was released in the final few weeks of Nazi Germany's existence, when most of the country's cinemas were already destroyed. For other uses, see Napoleon (disambiguation). ... is the 116th day of the year (117th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 183rd day of the year (184th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1807 (MDCCCVII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar). ... August Wilhelm Antonius Graf[1] Neidhardt von Gneisenau (27 October 1760 – 23 August 1831) was a Prussian field marshal. ... The Treaties of Tilsit were two agreements signed by Napoleon I of France in the town of Tilsit in July, 1807. ... Mushroom cloud from the nuclear explosion over Nagasaki rising 18 km into the air. ... Paul Joseph Goebbels (German pronunciation: IPA: ) (29 October 1897 – 1 May 1945) was a German politician and Minister for Public Enlightenment and Propaganda during the National Socialist regime from 1933 to 1945. ... National Socialism redirects here. ... Soviet Propaganda Poster during the World War II. The text reads Red Army Fighter, SAVE US! Chinese propaganda poster from during the Cultural Revolution. ... Kolberg is a 1945 German propaganda film directed by Veit Harlan and Wolfgang Liebeneiner. ... Year 1807 (MDCCCVII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar). ... Combatants Austria[1] Portugal Prussia[1] Russia[2] Spain[3] Sweden United Kingdom[4] Ottoman Empire[5] Holy Roman Empire[6] French Empire Holland Kingdom of Italy Kingdom of Naples Duchy of Warsaw Bavaria[7] Saxony[8] Denmark [9] Commanders Archduke Charles Prince Schwarzenberg Karl Mack von Leiberich Gebhard von...

Kolberg in 1945. 80% of the city was destroyed during the war

In 1944 the city was designated a so-called stronghold Festung Kolberg. Most of the inhabitants and tens of thousands of refugees from surrounding areas (about 70,000 trapped in the Kolberg pocket), as well as 40,000 German soldiers were evacuated from the besieged city by German naval forces in Operation Hannibal. Only abouth two thousands soldiers were left on the 17th of March to cover last sea transports. Download high resolution version (1962x1551, 379 KB)Kołobrzeg in 1945. ... Download high resolution version (1962x1551, 379 KB)Kołobrzeg in 1945. ... 1944 (MCMXLIV) was a leap year starting on Saturday. ...

Between 4 March and 18 March 1945, there were major battles between the Soviet and Polish forces and the German army. Due to a lack of anti-tank weapons, German battleships used their guns to support the defenders of Kolberg until nearly all of the soldiers and civilians had been evacuated. On the 18th of March, the Polish Army re-enacted Poland's Betrothal with the Sea ceremony, which had been celebrated for the first time in 1920 by general Józef Haller. March 4 is the 63rd day of the year (64th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 77th day of the year (78th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1945and died 2007 (MCMXLV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar). ... Generally, a battle is an instance of combat in warfare between two or more parties wherein each group will seek to defeat the others. ... Soviet redirects here. ... The Piast eagle worn by LWP soldiers. ... Polands betrothal with the sea, as performed in 1920 by General Haller. ... 1920 (MCMXX) was a leap year starting on Thursday. ... Józef Haller Józef Haller de Hallenburg ( August 13, 1873 - June 4, 1960) was a Polish general and politician. ...

The devastated city, along with all of the province of Pomerania east of the Oder river, was awarded to Poland by the Potsdam Conference. The remaining German population was either expelled or murdered by Soviet forces after their victory. The city was then resettled with Poles and many of the historic buildings eventually restored. The Oder (or Odra) River (German: Oder, Polish/Czech: Odra, Ancient Latin: Viadua, Viadrus, Medieval Latin: Odera, Oddera) is a river in Central Europe (mostly in Poland). ... Harry S. Truman and Joseph Stalin meeting at the Potsdam Conference on July 18, 1945. ... Germans expelled from the Sudetenland // The expulsion of Germans after World War II refers to the forced migration of people considered Germans (Reichsdeutsche and some Volksdeutsche) from various European states and territories during 1945 and in the first three years after World War II 1946-48. ...

Lighthouse in Kołobrzeg

Tourist Destination

Kołobrzeg today is a popular tourist destination for both Poles and the Germans. It provides a unique combination of a seaside resort, health resort, an old town full of historic monuments and tourist entertainment options (e.g. numerous "beer gardens"). The examples and perspective in this article or section may not represent a worldwide view. ...

On July 14, 2004, the longest seaside bike path in Poland was commissioned. The path extends from Kołobrzeg to Podczele. It provides unique views of woods, beaches, swamps, impenetrable thickets, bird nesting grounds, and more. The path has been financed by the European Union. July 14 is the 195th day of the year (196th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... shelby was here 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

An international airport was planned to be built 7 kilometres from Kołobrzeg in Bagicz. However, due to the protests of local population, the project has been scrapped.

Notable residents

• Karl Wilhelm Ramler (1725-1798), poet
• Magnus Hirschfeld (1868-1935), physician
• Paul Oestreich (1878-1959 ), educator
• Egon Krenz (born 1937), politician

Karl Wilhelm Ramler (February 25, 1725 - April 11, 1798), was a German poet. ... Magnus Hirschfeld in 1933 Magnus Hirschfeld (Kolberg, May 14, 1868 - Nice, May 14, 1935) was a prominent German-Jewish physician, sexologist, and gay rights advocate. ... Egon Krenz (born 19 March 1937) is a former German Communist politician, who briefly served as leader of the German Democratic Republic (GDR) in 1989 before the end of Communist rule. ...

External links

• Municipal website (Polish), (German) and (English)

Coordinates: 54°11′N, 15°35′E Image File history File links Commons-logo. ... The Wikimedia Commons (also called Wikicommons) is a repository of free content images, sound and other multimedia files. ... Map of Earth showing lines of latitude (horizontally) and longitude (vertically), Eckert VI projection; large version (pdf, 1. ...