NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Siege of Lisbon

The Siege of Lisbon, from July 1 to October 25 of 1147, was the military action that brought the city of Lisbon under definitive Christian (Portuguese) control and expelled its Moorish overlords, in the process of the Reconquista, the general, centuries-long conflict for control of the Iberian peninsula against the Islamic force that invaded Visigothic Hispania. The Siege of Lisbon was the only success of the Second Crusade for the Christian crusaders. The Reconquista (Reconquest) refers to the process for which the Christian Kindoms of northern Hispania, defeated and conquered the southern muslim and moorish states of the Iberian Peninsula, established since 711. ... Image File history File links Siege_of_Lisbon_-_Muslim_surrender. ... July 1 is the 182nd day of the year (183rd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 183 days remaining. ... October 25 is the 298th day of the year (299th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 67 days remaining. ... Events King Afonso I of Portugal and the Crusaders capture Lisbon from Muslims First written mention of Moscow. ... Lisbon (in Portuguese, Lisboa) is the capital and largest city of Portugal. ... This article is about the medieval crusades. ... Copyrighted Image Photo courtesy of Wayne B. Chandler Moorish Ambassador to Queen Elizabeth I The Moors were the medieval Muslim inhabitants of al-Andalus (the Iberian Peninsula including the present day Spain and Portugal) and the Maghreb and western Africa, whose culture is often called Moorish. ... Afonso I of Portugal (English Alphonzo or Alphonse), more commonly known as Afonso Henriques (pron. ... The Reconquista (Reconquest) refers to the process for which the Christian Kindoms of northern Hispania, defeated and conquered the southern muslim and moorish states of the Iberian Peninsula, established since 711. ... The Battle of Covadonga was the first major victory by a Christian military force in Iberia following the Islamic Moors conquest of that country in 711. ... | width=50%|Charlemagnes Franks | width=50%|Basques |- !colspan=2|Commanders |- |Roland (?) |unknown |- !colspan=2|Strength |- |unknown |unknown |- !colspan=2|Casualties |- |Complete destruction of the army |unknown |} |} The Roncevaux Pass (==Background== This battle was the last of Charlemagnes first campaign to capture Spain, an attempt that ended in failure. ... Battle of Simancas was a military battle that took place in 939 AD in the Iberian Peninsula between the troops of the Christian king Ramiro II of Leon and Muslim caliph Abd-ar-Rahman III near the walls of the city of Simancas, in which was decided the control of... The Battle of Atapuerca was fought in 1054 in the valley of Atapuerca between brothers King GarcÃa V, El de NÃ¡jera, of Navarre and King Ferdinand I, the Great, of Casile and LeÃ³n. ... The Battle of Graus (or Siege of Graus) was a battle of the early Spanish Reconquista in spring 1063 (some sources say the battle was in early May, possibly around May 8). ... The battle of az-Zallaqah (October 23, 1086) was a great victory of the Almoravid Yusuf ibn Tashfin over the forces of Castilian King Alfonso VI. Yusuf ibn Tashfin replied to the call of three Andalusian leaders (Abbad III al-Mutamid & others) and crossed to Andalusia with 7,000... Combatants Almoravides Castile Commanders Sancho, son of Alfonso VI Strength Casualties Sancho {{{notes}}} The Battle of Ucles was fought in 1108 between Castile and the Almoravides. ... The Battle of Ourique took place in July 26, 1139, in the countryside outside the town of Ourique, present-day Alentejo (southern Portugal). ... Battle of Alarcos (July 18, 1195), was a great victory of Almohad ruler Abu Yusuf Yaqub al-Mansur over the Castilian King Alfonso VIII; also referred as the Disaster of Alarcos due to the magnitude of the Castilian defeat. ... The July 16, 1212 battle of Las Navas de Tolosa is considered a major turning point in the history of Medieval Iberia. ... Combatants Castile Moors The Battle of Jerez was fought in 1231 between Castile and the Moors. ... Combatants Christian Spain (Aragon and Castile) Granada Commanders Sultan Boabdil Strength Casualties The Battle of Granada was fought on January 2, 1492 between the forces of Aragon and Castile and the armies of Muslim controlled Granada. ... The Battle of Alcacer Quibir took place on August 4, 1578 by Alcazarquivir in Morrocco between the Portuguese army and the troops of the Moorish Sultan. ... July 1 is the 182nd day of the year (183rd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 183 days remaining. ... October 25 is the 298th day of the year (299th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 67 days remaining. ... Events King Afonso I of Portugal and the Crusaders capture Lisbon from Muslims First written mention of Moscow. ... District or region Lisbon Mayor - Party Carmona Rodrigues PSD Area 84. ... A Christian is a follower of Jesus Christ. ... Copyrighted Image Photo courtesy of Wayne B. Chandler Moorish Ambassador to Queen Elizabeth I The Moors were the medieval Muslim inhabitants of al-Andalus (the Iberian Peninsula including the present day Spain and Portugal) and the Maghreb and western Africa, whose culture is often called Moorish. ... The Reconquista (Reconquest) refers to the process for which the Christian Kindoms of northern Hispania, defeated and conquered the southern muslim and moorish states of the Iberian Peninsula, established since 711. ... The Iberian Peninsula, or Iberia, is located in the extreme southwest of Europe. ... Islam (Arabic: ; ) is a monotheistic religion based on the Quran. ... The Visigoths were one of two main branches of the Goths, the Ostrogoths being the other. ... Roman theater at MÃ©rida; the statues are replicas Hispania was the name given by the Romans to the whole of the Iberian Peninsula (modern Portugal, Spain, Andorra and Gibraltar) and to two provinces created there in the period of the Roman Republic: Hispania Citerior and Hispania Ulterior. ... The Second Crusade was the second major crusade launched from Europe, called in 1145 in response to the fall of the County of Edessa the previous year. ... This article is about the medieval crusades. ...

Several attempts to conquer Lisbon from the Moors had been made over the centuries and sometimes the city had been sacked. Since the rise of Portugal as an independent nation, these attempts became more frequent, as Lisbon emerged as a central objective for King Afonso I of Portugal. The Portuguese monarch had tried and failed to conquer Lisbon at least two or three times prior to 1147. Only with the help of the crusaders of the Second Crusade the conquest of Lisbon was achieved. Afonso I of Portugal (English Alphonzo or Alphonse), more commonly known as Afonso Henriques (pron. ... This article is about the medieval crusades. ... The Second Crusade was the second major crusade launched from Europe, called in 1145 in response to the fall of the County of Edessa the previous year. ...

The Fall of Edessa in 1144 led to a call for a new crusade by Pope Eugenius III in 1145 and 1146. The Pope also authorized a crusade in the Iberian peninsula (modern Portugal and Spain), although the war against the Moors had been going on for hundreds of years, since the defeat of the Muslims at Covadonga in 718. At the beginning of the First Crusade in 1095, Pope Urban II had urged Iberian crusaders (Portuguese, Castillians, Leonese, Aragonese, etc.) to remain at home, where their own warfare was considered just as worthy as that of crusaders travelling to Jerusalem. Eugenius repeated this, and also authorized Marseilles, Pisa, Genoa, and other Mediterranean cities to fight in Iberia as well. The Siege of Edessa took place from November 28 to December 24, 1144, resulting in the fall of the majority of the crusader County of Edessa to Zengi, the atabeg of Mosul. ... Events Louis VII capitulates to Pope Celestine II and so earns the popes absolution Pope Celestine II is succeeded by Pope Lucius II December 24 - Edessa falls to Zengi Montauban, France, is founded First recorded example of an anti-Semitic blood libel in England Normandy comes under Angevin control... The Blessed Eugene III, nÃ© Bernardo Pignatelli (d. ... Events Pope Lucius II is succeeded by Pope Eugene III Nur ad-Din ascends to power in Syria Construction begins on Notre-Dame dChartres in Chartres, France Korean historian Kim Pusik compiled the historical text Samguk Sagi. ... Events Saint Bernard of Clairvaux preaches the Second Crusade at Vezelay, Burgundy First written mention of Bryansk. ... The Iberian Peninsula, or Iberia, is located in the extreme southwest of Europe. ... Copyrighted Image Photo courtesy of Wayne B. Chandler Moorish Ambassador to Queen Elizabeth I The Moors were the medieval Muslim inhabitants of al-Andalus (the Iberian Peninsula including the present day Spain and Portugal) and the Maghreb and western Africa, whose culture is often called Moorish. ... Covadonga (Asturian: Cuadonga), from Latin Cova dominica, Cavern of the Lady, is a village in Asturias, northwestern Spain, among the Picos de Europa mountains where Spanish Christians won a battle over the Muslim Moors around 718 and 725. ... Events Pelayo established the Kingdom of Asturias in the Iberian peninsula (modern day Portugal and Spain). ... The First Crusade was launched in 1095 by Pope Urban II to regain control of the sacred city of Jerusalem and the Christian Holy Land from Muslims. ... Events The country of Portugal is established for the second time. ... Urban II, nÃ© Otho of Lagery (or Otto or Odo) (1042 â€“ July 29, 1099), was a Pope from 1088 to July 29, 1099. ... A former kingdom of Spain, Castile comprises the two regions of Old Castile in north-western Spain, and New Castile in the centre of the country. ... The city of LeÃ³n was founded by the Roman Seventh Legion (for unknown reasons always written as Legio Septima Gemina (twin seventh legion). It was the headquarters of that legion in the late empire and was a center for trade in gold which was mined at Las MÃ©dulas... Capital Zaragoza Area â€“ Total â€“ % of Spain Ranked 4th 47 719 kmÂ² 9,4% Population â€“ Total (2005) â€“ % of Spain â€“ Density Ranked 11th 1 269 027 2,9% 26,59/kmÂ² Demonym â€“ English â€“ Spanish Aragonese aragonÃ©s Statute of Autonomy August 16, 1982 ISO 3166-2 AR Parliamentary representation â€“ Congress seats â€“ Senate... Jerusalem (; Hebrew: Yerushalayim; Arabic: al-Quds; Greek Î™ÎµÏÎ¿ÏƒÏŒÎ»Ï…Î¼Î±) is an ancient Middle Eastern city on the watershed between the Mediterranean Sea and the Dead Sea at an elevation of 650-840 meters. ... Marseilles redirects here. ... Pisa is a city in Tuscany, central Italy, on the right bank of the mouth of the river Arno on the Tyrrhenian Sea. ... Location within Italy Genoa (Italian Genova, Genoese (dialect of Ligurian) Zena, French GÃªnes, German Genua, Spanish GÃ©nova, Galician XÃ©nova) is a city and a seaport in northern Italy, the capital of the Province of Genoa and of the region of Liguria. ...

On May 19 the first contingents of crusaders left from Dartmouth in England, consisting of Flemish, Frisian, Norman, English, Scottish, and some German crusaders. According to Odo of Deuil there were 164 ships, and there may have been as many as 200 by the time they reached Portugal. No prince or king led this part of the crusade; England at the time was in the midst of The Anarchy. The fleet was commanded by Arnold III of Aerschot (nephew of Godfrey of Louvain) Christian of Ghistelles, Henry Glanville (constable of Suffolk), Simon of Dover, Andrew of London, and Saher of Archelle. Picture of king Afonso I of Portugal. ... Picture of king Afonso I of Portugal. ... May 19 is the 139th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (140th in leap years). ... Map sources for Dartmouth, Devon at grid reference SX877514 The town seen from the River Dart Dartmouth is a town in Devon in the south-west of England. ... Royal motto (French): Dieu et mon droit (Translated: God and my right) Englands location (dark green) within the United Kingdom (light green), with the Republic of Ireland (blue) to its west Languages None official English de facto Capital None official London de facto Largest city London Area â€“ Total Ranked... Flemings (Dutch: Vlamingen) are inhabitants of Flanders in the widest sense of the term, i. ... The Roman historian Tacitus, in his Germania, mentioned the Frisians among people he grouped together as the Ingvaeones. ... The Normans (adapted from the name Northmen or Norsemen) were a mixture of the indigenous people of France and the Viking invaders under the leadership of Hrolf Ganger, who adopted the French name Rollo and swore allegiance to the king of France (Charles the Simple). ... The English are an ethnic group associated with England and the English language. ... Motto: Nemo me impune lacessit (English: No one provokes me with impunity) Scotlands location within Europe Scotlands location within the United Kingdom Languages English, Gaelic, Scots Capital Edinburgh Largest city Glasgow First Minister Jack McConnell Area - Total - % water Ranked 2nd UK 78,782 kmÂ² 1. ... Odo of Deuil was a chronicler and participant of the Second Crusade. ... The Anarchy in English history commonly names the period of civil war and unsettled government that occurred during the reign (1135â€“1154) of King Stephen of England. ... Godfrey I, Duke of Lower Lorraine (1074 - 25 January 1139) was born in Lorraine, France. ... Suffolk (pronounced SUF-fk) is a large traditional and administrative county in the East Anglia region of eastern England. ...

They arrived at the northern city of Porto on June 16, and were convinced by the bishop, Pedro II Pitões, to continue to Lisbon. King Alfonso, who had reached the Tagus River and conquered Santarém in March, went to meet them in Lisbon when he heard a crusader fleet was on its way and the crusaders agreed to help him there. The English crusaders were at first unenthusiastic, but Henry Glanville convinced them to participate. District or region Porto Mayor - Party Rui Rio PSD Area 41. ... June 16 is the 167th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (168th in leap years), with 198 days remaining. ... District or region Lisbon Mayor - Party Carmona Rodrigues PSD Area 84. ... Afonso I of Portugal (English Alphonzo or Alphonse), more commonly known as Afonso Henriques (pron. ... View over Tejo River from São Jorge Castle in Lisbon (June 2002). ... Coat of Arms SantarÃ©m is a municipality in Portugal with a total area of 560. ... District or region Lisbon Mayor - Party Carmona Rodrigues PSD Area 84. ...

The siege began on July 1. The Christians had soon captured the surrounding territories and besieged the walls of Lisbon itself, although the Muslim defenders were able to destroy their siege engines. After four months, the Moorish rulers agreed on their surrender (October 21), basically due to the hunger that was felt inside the city walls. The city fell to the Christian conquerors on October 25. The terms of the surrender indicated that the Muslim garrison of the city would be allowed to flee, but as soon as the Christians entered the city these terms were broken. The Muslims were killed, and the city was thoroughly submitted to one week of rape, murder and plunder. By some accounts as many as 50 000 men, women and children were butchered and not a single woman was left intact. King Afonso Afonso I of Portugal was reported to have been so sickned by the carnage that he threatened to abandon the city and the crusaders. This finally put an end to the mayhem. July 1 is the 182nd day of the year (183rd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 183 days remaining. ... A siege engine is a device that is designed to break or circumvent city walls and other fortifications in siege warfare. ... For the terrain type see Moor Moors is used in this article to describe the medieval Muslim inhabitants of al-Andalus and the Maghreb, whose culture is often called Moorish. For other meanings look at Moors (Meaning) or Blackamoors. ... October 21 is the 294th day of the year (295th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 71 days remaining. ... October 25 is the 298th day of the year (299th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 67 days remaining. ... Afonso I of Portugal (English Alphonzo or Alphonse), more commonly known as Afonso Henriques (pron. ...

Some of the crusaders settled in the newly captured city, and Gilbert of Hastings was elected bishop, but most of the crusaders' fleet continued to the east in 1148. The Patriarch of Lisbon is one of the few western Patriarchs in the Roman Catholic Church. ... Events Ramon Berenguer IV, Count of Barcelona conquered Tortosa in posetion of the moors. ...

Legend says that a brave Portuguese warrior and nobleman, Martim Moniz (a real historical character), sacrificed himself in order to keep the city doors open to the conquering Christian armies.

Lisbon eventually became capital city of the kingdom of Portugal in 1255. Events Königsberg was founded Births Emperor Albert I of Germany, in July Deaths Monarchs/Presidents Aragon - James I King of Aragon and count of Barcelona (reigned from 1213 to 1276) Categories: 1255 ...

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Odo of Deuil was a chronicler and participant of the Second Crusade. ... Sir James Cochran Stevenson Runciman (7 July 1903 - 1 November 2000) was a British historian known for his work on the Middle Ages. ...

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