|
The Siege of Rhodes of 1522 was the second and ultimately successful attempt by the Ottoman Empire to expel the Knights of Rhodes from their island stronghold and thereby secure Ottoman control of the Eastern Mediterranean. The first siege in 1480, was unsuccessful. The wars of the Ottoman Empire in Europe marked the better part of the history of southeastern Europe, notably, giving infamy to the Balkans. ...
Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 450 × 600 pixel Image in higher resolution (1536 × 2048 pixel, file size: 346 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Rhode - Fortifications du palais des Grands-Maîtres Gérard Janot (septembre 2005) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link...
Location map of Rhodes Rhodes (Greek: Ρόδος (pron. ...
Motto: دولت ابد مدت Devlet-i Ebed-müddet (The Eternal State) Anthem: Ottoman imperial anthem Borders in 1680, see: list of territories Capital Söğüt (1299-1326) Bursa (1326-1365) Edirne (1365-1453) Constantinople (Istanbul) (1453-1922) Language(s) Ottoman Turkish Government Monarchy Sultans - 1281–1326 Osman I - 1918–1922 Mehmed VI...
The Knights Hospitaller (also known as the Sovereign Order of Saint John of Jerusalem of Rhodes and of Malta, Knights of Malta, Knights of Rhodes, and Chevaliers of Malta) is an organization that began as an Amalfitan hospital founded in Jerusalem in 1080 to provide care for poor and sick...
Suleyman I (Ottoman Turkish: ‎ SulaymÄn, Turkish: ; the long name is Kanuni Sultan Süleyman in Turkish) (November 6, 1494 – September 5/6, 1566), was the tenth Sultan from the House of Osman of the Ottoman Empire, and the longest-serving one, reigning from 1520 to 1566. ...
There have been a number of people named Mustafa Pasha: Mustafa Pasha, A sixteenth century governor of Algeria and Ottoman Grand Vizier Mustafa Pasha, A seventeenth century Ottoman commander in Egypt. ...
Philippe Villiers de LIsle-Adam was Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller from 1521 to 1538. ...
Events January 9 - Adrian Dedens becomes Pope Adrian VI. February 26 - Execution by hanging of Cuauhtémoc, Aztec ruler of Tenochtitlan under orders of conquistador Hernán Cortés. ...
Motto: دولت ابد مدت Devlet-i Ebed-müddet (The Eternal State) Anthem: Ottoman imperial anthem Borders in 1680, see: list of territories Capital Söğüt (1299-1326) Bursa (1326-1365) Edirne (1365-1453) Constantinople (Istanbul) (1453-1922) Language(s) Ottoman Turkish Government Monarchy Sultans - 1281–1326 Osman I - 1918–1922 Mehmed VI...
The Knights Hospitaller (also known as the Sovereign Order of Saint John of Jerusalem of Rhodes and of Malta, Knights of Malta, Knights of Rhodes, and Chevaliers of Malta) is an organization that began as an Amalfitan hospital founded in Jerusalem in 1080 to provide care for poor and sick...
The Mediterranean Sea is an intercontinental sea positioned between Europe to the north, Africa to the south and Asia to the east, covering an approximate area of 2. ...
Rhodes is the easternmost island of Greece, located 11 miles west of Turkey. ...
The Setting The Knights of St. John, or Knights Hospitallers, had captured Rhodes in the early 14th century after the loss of the last Crusader strongholds in Palestine. From Rhodes they carried on their war against the Muslims and harassed Turkish shipping in the Levant. A first effort by the ottomans to capture the island, in 1480, was repulsed by the Order, but the continuing presence of the extremely hostile knights just off the southern coast of Anatolia was a major obstacle to Ottoman expansion. This article is about historical Crusades . ...
The Levant The Levant (IPA: /ləvænt/) is an imprecise geographical term historically referring to a large area in the Middle East south of the Taurus Mountains, bounded by the Mediterranean Sea on the west, and by the northern Arabian Desert and Upper Mesopotamia to the east. ...
This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ...
In 1521, Philippe Villiers de L'Isle-Adam was elected Grand Master of the Order. Expecting a new Ottoman attack on Rhodes, he continued to strengthen the city's fortifications, work that had begun after the Ottoman invasion of 1480 and the earthquake of 1481, and called upon the Order's knights elsewhere in Europe to come to the island's defense. The rest of Europe ignored his request for assistance, but some Venetian troops from Crete joined the knights. The city was protected by two and in some places three rings of stone walls and several large bastions. The defense of the walls and bastions was assigned in sections to the different Langues into which the knights had been organized since 1301. The harbor entrance was blocked by a heavy iron chain, behind which the Order's fleet was anchored. Philippe Villiers de LIsle-Adam was Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller from 1521 to 1538. ...
Grand Master is the typical title of the supreme head of various military orders of knighthood, a type of religious order including the Knights Templar, a class of sectarian order such as the Ancient Order of Hibernians, the Orange Order, but who in the case of a sovereign order such...
An earthquake is a natural phenomenon that results from the sudden release of stored energy in the Earths crust that creates seismic waves. ...
Events May 3 - Mehmed II, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire dies and is succeeded by his son Beyazid II. May 21 - Christian I, King of Denmark and Norway dies and is succeeded by his son John (1481-1513) With the death of Duke Charles IV of Anjou, Anjou was reverted...
Venice (Italian: Venezia, Venetian: Venezsia) is the capital of region Veneto, and has a population of 271,663 (census estimate January 1, 2004). ...
For the famous World War II battle, see: Battle of Crete For other uses, see Crete (disambiguation). ...
The point of a bastion on a reconstructed French fort in Illinois. ...
Tongues (fr. ...
The Invasion When the Turkish invasion force arrived on Rhodes on 26 June 1522, the defenders may have numbered about 500 knights and another 3-5,000 soldiers and armed locals. The Ottoman forces were ferried to Rhodes by an armada of more than 300 ships and may have numbered 120,000 (including 10,000 janissaries) -- not counting as many as 60,000 peasants forcibly recruited to assist as laborers.[citation needed] They were commanded by Mustafa Pasha. Sultan Suleiman himself arrived on 28 July to take personal charge. The Janissaries (or janizaries; in Turkish: Yeniçeri, meaning New Troops) comprised infantry units that formed the Ottoman sultans household troops and bodyguard. ...
There have been a number of people named Mustafa Pasha: Mustafa Pasha, A sixteenth century governor of Algeria and Ottoman Grand Vizier Mustafa Pasha, A seventeenth century Ottoman commander in Egypt. ...
Suleyman I (Ottoman Turkish: ‎ SulaymÄn, Turkish: ; the long name is Kanuni Sultan Süleyman in Turkish) (November 6, 1494 – September 5/6, 1566), was the tenth Sultan from the House of Osman of the Ottoman Empire, and the longest-serving one, reigning from 1520 to 1566. ...
The Turks blockaded the harbor, bombarded the town with field artillery from the land side, followed by almost daily infantry attacks. They also sought to undermine the fortifications through tunnels and mines. The artillery fire was slow in inflicting serious damage to the massive walls, but after five weeks, on 4 September, two large gunpowder mines exploded under the bastion of England, causing a twelve-yard portion of the wall to fall and to fill the moat. The attackers immediately assaulted this breach and soon gained control of it, but a counterattack by the English brothers under Fra' Nicholas Hussey and Grand Master Villiers de L'Isle-Adam succeeded in driving them back again. Twice more the Turks assaulted the breach that day, but each time the English brothers, aided by German brothers, held the gap.
On 24 September, Mustafa Pasha ordered a new massive assault, aimed mainly at the bastions of Spain, England, Provence and Italy. After a day of furious fighting, during which the bastion of Spain changed hands twice, Suleiman eventually called off the attack. He sentenced Mustafa Pasha, his brother-in-law, to death for his failure to take the city, but eventually spared his life after other senior officials had pleaded with him for mercy. Mustafa's replacement, Ahmed Pasha, was an experienced siege engineer, and the Turks now focused their efforts on undermining the ramparts and blowing them up with mines while maintaining their continuous artillery barrages. Claude Alexandre, Comte de Bonneval (14 July 1675 - 23 March 1747) was a French army officer who later went into the service of the Ottoman Empire, eventually converting to Islam and becoming known as Ahmed Pasha. ...
A siege is a military blockade of a city or fortress with the intent of conquering by force or attrition, often accompanied by an assault. ...
Another major assault at the end of November was repelled, but both sides were now exhausted -- the Knights because they were reaching the end of their capacity to resist and no relief forces could be expected to arrive in time, the Turks because their troops were increasingly demoralized and depleted by combat fatalities and disease spreading through their camps. Suleiman offered the citizens peace, their lives and food if they surrendered; the alternative would be death or slavery if the Turks were compelled to take the city by force. Pressed by the townspeople, Villiers de L'Isle-Adam agreed to negotiate. A truce was declared for 11-13 December to allow negotiations, but when the locals demanded further assurances for their safety, Suleiman was angered and ordered the bombardment and assaults to resume. The bastion of Spain fell on 17 December. With most of the walls now destroyed, it was merely a matter of time before the city would have to surrender, and on 20 December the Grand Master asked for a fresh truce. == T.R.U.C.E == Teachers Resisting Unhealthy Childrens Entertainment. ...
The End On 22 December, the representatives of the city's Latin and Greek inhabitants accepted Suleiman's terms, which were surprisingly generous. The knights were given twelve days to leave the island and would be allowed to take with them their weapons and any valuables or religious icons they desired. Islanders who wished to leave could do so at any time within a three-year period. No church would be desecrated or turned into a mosque. Those remaining on the island would be free of Ottoman taxation for five years. The Masjid al-Haram in Mecca as it exists today A mosque is a place of worship for followers of the Islamic faith. ...
On 1 January 1523, the remaining knights and soldiers marched out of the town, with banners flying, drums beating and in battle armor. They boarded the 50 ships which had been made available to them and sailed to Crete, accompanied by several thousand civilians.
Aftermath The siege of Rhodes ended with an Ottoman victory, albeit at high cost: as many as half of the invading force may have perished or been wounded.[citation needed] The conquest of Rhodes was a major step towards Ottoman control over the eastern Mediterranean and greatly eased their maritime communications between Constantinople and Cairo and the Levantine ports.
The Knights Hospitaller initially moved to Sicily, but in 1530 obtained the islands of Malta and Gozo and the North African port city of Tripoli as fief from Emperor Charles V. Gozo is an island of the Maltese archipelago in the Mediterranean Sea, second in size to the island of Malta. ...
Tripoli (Arabic: طرابلس TarÄbulus) is the capital city of Libya. ...
Charles V may refer to: Charles V of France, the Wise (1338–1380). ...
External links - http://members.tripod.com/romeartlover/Rodi2.html
Literature - Nicolas Vatin: L'Ordre de Saint-Jean-de Jérusalem, l'Empire ottoman et la Méditerranée orientale entre les deux sièges de Rhodes (1480 - 1522). (Collection Turcica. 7). Paris 1994. ISBN 2-87723-161-5
- Eric Brockman: The two sieges of Rhodes. 1480 - 1522. London 1969.
|
Feeds |
Contact