Siegfried Marcus 1831-1898

Siegfried Samuel Marcus (born in Malchin, Mecklenburg, Germany, on 1831-09-18, died in Vienna on 1898-07-01) was a German – Austrian inventor and automobile pioneer of Jewish ancestry. Image File history File links Siegfried Marcus 1831 - 1898 File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image File history File links Siegfried Marcus 1831 - 1898 File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Mecklenburg is a geographical area located in Northern Germany. ... 1831 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... Jump to: navigation, search September 18 is the 261st day of the year (262nd in leap years). ... Vienna (German: Wien [viːn]; Hungarian: Bécs) is the capital of Austria, and also one of Austrias nine federal states (Bundesland Wien). ... 1898 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... July 1 is the 182nd day of the year (183rd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 183 days remaining. ... Jump to: navigation, search A small variety of cars, the most popular kind of automobile. ... Jump to: navigation, search The word Jew (Hebrew: יהודי) is used in a wide number of ways, but generally refers to a follower of the Jewish faith, a child of a Jewish mother, or someone of Jewish descent with a connection to Jewish culture or ethnicity; and often a combination of...

In 1852 Marcus moved to Vienna. From 1856 to 1898 he worked as a self-employed manufacturer of scientific instruments in this city. He developed an interest in electricity and as a lighting technician too. His chief improvements include telegraph systems and ignition devices. Jump to: navigation, search 1852 was a leap year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... Jump to: navigation, search 1856 was a leap year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... 1898 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... Electricity is a general term applied to phenomena involving a fundamental property of matter called an electric charge. ... Architect lamps Dark lighting in a concert hall allow laser effects to be visible In the 2005 Classical Spectacular performance, a state-of-the-art lighting system was used to accompany the music Lighting refers to the devices or techniques used for illumination, usually referring to artificial light sources such... Telegraphy (from the Greek words tele = far away and grapho = write) is the long distance transmission of written messages without physical transport of letters, originally over wire. ...

About 1870 he put an internal combustion engine on a simple handcart. This appliance was designed for liquid combustibles and made him the first man propelling a vehicle by means of gasoline. Today, this car is well known as “The first Marcus Car”. 1870 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... Combustion or burning is an exothermic reaction between a substance (the fuel) and a gas (the oxidizer), usually O2, to release heat. ... An engine is something that produces some effect from a given input. ...

First Marcus Car of 1870

In 1883 a patent for a low voltage ignition of the magneto type was given to Marcus in Germany. The same design was used for all further models and, of course, 5 years later in the famous “Second Marcus Car” of 1888/89. It was this ignition in conjunction with the “rotating brush carburettor” that made the design of the “Second Car” very innovative for its time. Image File history File links First Marcus Car of 1870 File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image File history File links First Marcus Car of 1870 File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... This article may be too technical for most readers to understand. ... Ignition occurs when the heat produced by a reaction becomes sufficient to sustain the reaction, whether it be a fire, an explosion, or nuclear fusion. ... This article is about magneto, the engine component. ...

Second Marcus Car of 1888 (Vienna Technical Museum)

In 1887, Marcus started a co-operation with the Moravian (today Czech Republic) Company Märky, Bromovsky & Schulz. They offered two stroke and – after the fall of the Otto-Patent in 1886 – four stroke engines of the Marcus type. Image File history File links Second Marcus Car of 1888 File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image File history File links Second Marcus Car of 1888 File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... 1887 is a common year starting on Saturday (click on link for calendar). ... Moravia in relation to the current kraje of the Czech Republic Moravia (Czech and Slovak: Morava, German: Mähren, Polish: Morawy, Hungarian: Morvaország) is an historical region in the east of the Czech Republic. ... Jump to: navigation, search Nikolaus August Otto (June 14, 1832 - January 28, 1891) was the German inventor of the internal-combustion engine. ...

In 1888/89 Märky, Bromovsky & Schulz built the “Second Marcus Car” which can still be admired in Vienna's Technical Museum. This car made Marcus well known all over the world. For a long time it was a common understanding that the “Second Car” was already existing in 1875 - even today a widespread falsity. “It was uncertain for a long time whether his car was ready to drive already in 1875 or only in 1888/89. Today the later date is considered for sure.” (transl., Austria Lexicon, Vol. 2, Vienna 2004; Österreich Lexikon, Bd. 2, Wien 2004) There is not even one single proof for an origin prior to 1888/89. Jump to: navigation, search 1888 is a leap year starting on Sunday (click on link for calendar). ... Jump to: navigation, search 1889 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ...

Marcus was the holder of 131 patents in 16 countries. He never applied for a patent for the motorcar and, of course, he never held one. In addition, he never claimed having invented the motorcar. Nevertheless, he was the first man who used gasoline for propelling a vehicle. A patent is a set of exclusive rights granted by a state to a person for a fixed period of time in exchange for the regulated, public disclosure of certain details of a device, method, process or substance (known as an invention) which is new, inventive and useful. ... Jump to: navigation, search Gasoline, as it is known in North America, or petrol (abbreviated from petroleum spirit), in many Commonwealth countries (sometimes also called motor spirit) is a petroleum-derived liquid mixture consisting primarily of hydrocarbons, used as fuel in internal combustion engines. ... Vehicles are non-living means of transportation. ...

Antigraph, 1855 (Vienna Technical Museum)

Marcus was buried at the Protestant Cemetery at Hütteldorf, Vienna. Later, his remains were transferred to an “Honorary Tomb” of Vienna's Central Cemetery. Jump to: navigation, search Image File history File links Antigraph. ... Jump to: navigation, search Image File history File links Antigraph. ... Protestantism is a general grouping of denominations within Christianity. ... Hütteldorf is a part of Viennas 14th district. ... Situated in the district of Simmering, Simmeringer Hauptstraße 230-244, Vienna 1110, Austria, the Zentralfriedhof is the largest and most famous cemetery among Viennas nearly 50 cemeteries. ...

Because of Marcus’ Jewish ancestry his name and all memorabilia vanished under the Nazis. The memorial in front of the Vienna Technical University was removed. After the war, the monument was rebuilt. In 1950, the Second Marcus Car has undergone a major restoration. Look up Nazi in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Sculpture on the Discoveries Age and Portuguese Navigators in Lisbon, Portugal A memorial is an object served as a memory of something, usually a person (who has died) or an event. ... Jump to: navigation, search 1950 was a common year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ...

Sources

This information is out of the newest scientific Publications of German and Austrian Historians (all in German):

• Ursula Bürbaumer, „Das erste Auto der Welt?“, Wien 1998, Erasmus Verlag.
• Horst Hardenberg, “Siegfried Marcus, Mythos und Wirklichkeit”, aus der Wissenschaftlichen *Schriftenreihe des DaimlerChrysler Konzernarchivs, Bielefeld 2000, Delius & Klasing Verlag.
• Norbert Böttcher, "Siegfried Marcus", Teetz 2005, Hentrich & Hentrich Verlag.
• Ursula Bürbaumer, Johannes Steinböck, Horst Hardenberg, Gerhard Schaukal und Ladislav Mergl), in *Helmuth Grössing (Herausgeber) “Autos-Fahrer – Konstrukteure”, Wien 2000, Erasmus Verlag
• Austrian Research Centers, Dissertationsdatenbank, Bürbaumer Ursula, Siegfried Marcus in Wien, 2003, Internet

Hardenberg’s book was awarded by the Austrian Academy of Science in 2001 as “Book of the month June 2001”

See also

• List of Austrian Scientists
• List of Austrians

This is a list of Austrian scientists Economists Eugen von Böhm-Bawerk Friedrich Hayek, economist and social scientist, Nobel Prize in economics 1974 Leopold Kohr, economist Carl Menger, founder of the Austrian School of economics Ludwig von Mises, free-market economist Oskar Morgenstern, co-founder of game theory Joseph... The following list is an election of famous Austrians. ...

External links

• http://www.siegfried-marcus.net - in English
• http://www.siegfried-marcus.de - in German
• http://www.austria.org/oldsite/aug98/marcus.html - in English
• http://www.absolut-mecklenburg.de/root/portal/index.php?seite=553# - in German
• http://www.arcs.ac.at/dissdb/rn039509 - in German and English
• http://www.virtualvienna.net/columns/duncan/forgotten_inventor.html in English
• http://www.aeiou.at/aeiou.encyclop.m/m138853.htm - in German
• http://www.aeiou.at/0x811bc836_0x009fbd2a - in German
• http://www.tmw.ac.at/default.asp?id=1073&al=Deutsch - in German