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Sight reading is the reading and performing of a work—typically, a piece of music, but sometimes also linguistic texts like drama—without having seen it before. Reading is a process of retrieving and comprehending some form of stored information or ideas. ...
Allegory of Music on the Opéra Garnier Music is an art form that involves organized sounds and silence. ...
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In music
Sight reading of music notation is considered to be an important skill for musicians. When singers sight read, it is often called sight singing. Ercole de Roberti: Concert, c. ...
Studio musicians (that is, musicians employed to record pieces for commercials, etc.) often record pieces on the first take without having seen it before. Often, the music played on television is played by musicians who are sight reading. This practice has developed through intense commercial competition in these industries. A musician is a person who plays or composes music. ...
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In some circumstances, such as examinations, the ability of a student to sight read is assessed by presenting the student with a short piece of music, with an allotted time to peruse the music, then testing the student on the accuracy of the performance. A harder kind of test requires the student to perform without any preparation at all.
The ability to sight read partly depends on a strong short-term musical memory. An experiment on sight reading using an eye tracker indicates that highly skilled musicians tend to look ahead further in the music, storing and processing the notes until they are played; this is referred to as the eye–hand span. Short-term memory, sometimes referred to as primary, working, or active memory, is that part of memory which stores a limited amount of information for a few seconds. ...
An eye tracker is a device for measuring eye positions and eye movements. ...
The eye–hand span is the distance between the eyes and the hands on a text—usually linguistic text that is being copy-typed or music notation that is being performed. ...
Storage of notational information in working memory can be expressed in terms of the amount of information (load) and the time for which it must be held before being played (latency). The relationship between load and latency changes according to tempo, such that t = x/y, where t is the change in tempo, x is the change in load, and y is the change in latency. Some teachers and researchers have proposed that the eye–hand span can be trained to be larger than it would otherwise be under normal conditions, leading to more robust sight reading ability.
Sight reading also depends on familiarity with the musical idiom being performed; this permits the reader to recognize and process frequently occurring patterns of notes as a single unit, rather than individual notes, thus achieving greater efficiency. This phenomenon, which also applies to the reading of language, is referred to as chunking. Errors in sight reading tend to occur in places where the music contains unexpected or unusual sequences; these defeat the strategy of "reading by expectation" that sight readers typically employ. Chunking may have several meanings: In cognitive psychology and in memory training systems, chunking refers to a short-term memory mechanism and techniques to exploit it. ...
Highly skilled musicians can sight-read silently; that is, they can look at the printed music and hear it in their heads without playing or singing; see Audiation. (True sight-reading or sight-singing—not code-deciphering—is actually notational audiation.) Less able sight-readers generally must at least hum or whistle in order to sight-read effectively. This distinction is analogous to ordinary prose reading during the early Middle Ages, when the ability to read silently was notable enough for St. Augustine to comment on it[1]. Audiation is the process of both mentally hearing and understanding music, even when no music is present. ...
In drama Sight-reading is also a much-needed requirement in drama, where it is often used in conjunction with improvisations to gauge a performer's ability to perform new works. It is particularly useful during auditions. A good drama sightreader is able to communicate with fluency and clarity and to project speech rhythms and rhymes well. He or she should also be able to bring out the intent, mood and characterization of a piece through appropriate articulation and body language. Philosophically, improvisation often focuses on bringing ones personal awareness into the moment, and on developing a profound understanding for the action one is doing. ...
Audition can refer to: The sense of hearing The audio editing software Adobe Audition ...
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External links - Brief report of an eye-tracking experiment on sight reading
- Drai-Zerbib, V., & Baccino, T. (2005). L'expertise dans la lecture musicale : intégration intermodale. L'Année Psychologique, 105, 387-422.[2]
- Servant, I., & Baccino, T. (1999). Lire Beethoven: une étude exploratoire des mouvements des yeux. Scientae Musicae, 3(1), 67-94.[3]
- 1200 rhythmic sight-reading exercises (notes and MIDI)
- Sight reading tips, music reading tips
- Sight reading software, Sight reading is only a matter of recognizing what you already know
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