Sigismund II Augustus
drawing by Jan Matejko
Born	1 August 1520
in	Cracow, Poland
Died	7 July 1572
in	Knyszyn, Poland
Buried	10 February 1574 in Wawel Cathedral, Cracow
Reign	to
Elected	at
Coronation	20 February 1530 in Wawel Cathedral, Cracow
Family or dynasty	Jagiellon dynasty
Coat of Arms	Pogoń Litewska.
Parents	Sigismund I of Poland Bona Sforza
Marriage and children	with Elisabeth of Austria:  none
	with Barbara Radziwiłł:  none
	with Catherine of Austria:  none
	with Barbara Giza:  Barbara Woroniecka

Sigismund II Augustus (Polish: Zygmunt II August, Lithuanian: Žygimantas III Augustas; 1 August 1520 — 7 July 1572) was the only son of Sigismund I the Old, King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania, whom Sigismund II succeeded in 1548. Zygmunt II August This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... Jan Matejko , self-portrait Jan Matejko (aka Jan Mateyko; Free City of Kraków, July 28, 1838 – November 1, 1893, Kraków, was a Polish artist famous for paintings of notable Polish political and military events. ... August 1 is the 213th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (214th in leap years), with 152 days remaining. ... mary elline m. ... Motto: none Voivodship Lesser Poland Municipal government Rada miasta Kraków Mayor Jacek Majchrowski Area 326,8 km² Population  - city  - urban  - density 757,500 (2004 est. ... July 7 is the 188th day of the year (189th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 177 days remaining. ... Events January 16 - Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk is tried for treason for his part in the Ridolfi plot to restore Catholicism in England. ... Knyszyn is a town in north-eastern Poland. ... February 10 is the 41st day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... Events April 14 - Battle of Mookerheyde. ... Wawel Cathedral Wawel Cathedral Wawel Cathedral – in full, the Cathedral Basilica of St Stanislaus and St Wenceslaus – is Polands national sanctuary. ... February 20 is the 51st day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... Events June 25 - Augsburg confession presented to Charles V of Holy Roman Empire. ... Polish szlachcic. ... The Jagiellons were a royal dynasty originating in Lithuania, which reigned in some Central European countries between the 14th and 16th century. ... // History The history of Polish heraldry is an integral part of the history of the Szlachta, the Polish nobility. ... PogoÅ„ Litewska - is a Polish Coat of Arms. ... Reign From December 8, 1506 until April 1, 1548 Coronation On January 24, 1507 in the Wawel Cathedral, Kraków, Poland Royal House Jagiellon Parents Kazimierz IV JagielloÅ„czyk Elżbieta Rakuszanka Consorts Katarzyna Telniczanka Barbara Zapolya Bona Sforza Children with Katarzyna Telniczanka Jan Regina Katarzyna with Barbara Zapolya Jadwiga... Bona Sforza Bona Sforza (born February 2, 1494 - November 19, 1557) was a queen of Poland and a second wife of Sigismund I of Poland since 1518. ... Elisabeth of Austria Elisabeth of Austria (July 9, 1526 - June 15, 1545) was the eldest daughter of Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor and Anna of Bohemia and Hungary. ... Noble Family RadziwiÅ‚Å‚ Coat of Arms TrÄ…by Parents Jerzy RadziwiÅ‚Å‚ Barbara Kola Consorts Stanislaw GesztoÅ‚d Sigismund II August Children none Date of Birth December 6, 1520 Place of Birth  ? Date of Death May 8, 1551 Place of Death Kraków Barbara RadziwiÅ‚Å‚ (Polish: Barbara Radziwiłłówna, Lithuanian: Barbora... Catherine of Habsburg or Catherine of Austria (14 January 1507– 12 February 1578), of the Habsburg family, princess of Spain, born a daughter of Philip, Archduke, Lord of Flanders, etc. ... August 1 is the 213th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (214th in leap years), with 152 days remaining. ... mary elline m. ... July 7 is the 188th day of the year (189th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 177 days remaining. ... Events January 16 - Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk is tried for treason for his part in the Ridolfi plot to restore Catholicism in England. ... Reign From December 8, 1506 until April 1, 1548 Coronation On January 24, 1507 in the Wawel Cathedral, Kraków, Poland Royal House Jagiellon Parents Kazimierz IV Jagiellończyk Elżbieta Rakuszanka Consorts Katarzyna Telniczanka Barbara Zapolya Bona Sforza Children with Katarzyna Telniczanka Jan Regina Katarzyna with Barbara Zapolya Jadwiga Anna with Bona... The presumable banner of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania with the coat of arms, called Пагоня in Belarusian, Vytis in Lithuanian and Pogoń in Polish Another version of the Lithuanian banner The Grand Duchy of Lithuania ( Lithuanian: Lietuvos Didžioji Kunigaikštystė, Belarusian: Вялі́кае Кня́ства Літо́ўскае (ВКЛ), Ukrainian: Велике Князівство Литовське (ВКЛ... Events Mary I of Scotland sent to France Births September 2 - Vincenzo Scamozzi, Italian architect (died 1616) September 29 - William V, Duke of Bavaria (died 1626) Francesco Andreini, Italian actor (died 1624) Giordano Bruno, Italian philosopher, astronomer, and occultist (burned at the stake) 1600 (died 1600) Honda Tadakatsu, Japanese general...

Royal titles

• Royal titles, in Latin: "Sigismundus Augustus Dei gratia rex Poloniae, magnus dux Lithuaniae, nec non terrarum Cracoviae, Sandomiriae, Siradiae, Lanciciae, Cuiaviae, Kijoviae, Russiae, Woliniae, Prussiae, Masoviae, Podlachiae, Culmensis, Elbingensis, Pomeraniae, Samogitiae, Livoniae etc. dominus et haeres."

• English translation: "Sigismund Augustus, by the Grace of God, King of Poland, Grand Duke of Lithuania, of the Lands of Cracow, Sandomierz, Sieradz, Łęczyca, Kuyavia, Kiev, Hereditary Lord of Ruthenia, Volhynia, Ducal Prussia, Masovia, Podlachia, Culmer Land, Elbing, Pomerania, Samogitia, Livonia etc."

Latin is an ancient Indo-European language. ... Motto: none Voivodship Lesser Poland Municipal government Rada miasta Kraków Mayor Jacek Majchrowski Area 326,8 km² Population  - city  - urban  - density 757,500 (2004 est. ... Flag of Sandomierz Sandomierz Coat of Arms Sandomierz(Sandomir) ( listen) is a city in south-eastern Poland with 25,714 inhabitants (2006). ... Coat of Arms of Sieradz Sieradz is a town on Warta river in central Poland with 44,700 inhabitants (1995). ... Łęczyca (in full The Royal Town of Łęczyca, Polish: Królewskie Miasto Łęczyca) is a town of 18000 inhabitants in central Poland. ... KUYAVIA (sometimes spelt Cuyavia; in German KUJAWIEN, in Polish KUJAVY) is a historical region of Poland, named after the pagan tribe of the Kujawier (name in German) still known there under that name in the tenth century AD. It is the northernmost part of Greater Poland, west of Masovia and... Location Map of Ukraine with Kiev highlighted. ... Ruthenia is a name applied to parts of Eastern Europe which were populated by Eastern Slavic peoples, as well as to various states that existed in this territory in the past. ... Pochayiv Lavra, the spiritual heart of Volhynia Volhynia (Ukrainian: , Polish: , Russian: ; also called Volynia) comprises the historic region in western Ukraine located between the rivers Pripyat and Western Bug -- to the north of Galicia and of Podolia. ... Royal and Ducal Prussia in the second half of 16th century Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth with its major subdivisions as of 1619, superimposed on present-day national borders Ducal Prussia, or the Duchy of Prussia (German: ; Polish: ), was a duchy established in 1525 in the eastern part of Prussia, as western... Historical division of Masovia Masovia (Polish: Mazowsze) is a geographical and historical region situated in central Poland with its capital at Warsaw. ... Podlasie (Latin Podlachia) is a historical region in eastern part of Poland and western Belarus. ... Chelmno Land or Culmland (Polish: Ziemia Chełmińska, German: Kulmerland, Kulmer Land, Culmerland or Culmer Land) is the traditional name for a district around the city of Chełmno, in north-western Poland. ... Motto: none Voivodship Warmia-Masuria Municipal government Rada Miejska w Elblągu Mayor Henryk Słonina Area 83,32 km² Population  - city  - urban  - density 130. ... Historic Pomerania (outlined in yellow) on the background of modern country borders. ... It has been suggested that Eldership of Samogitia be merged into this article or section. ... Livonia (Latvian: Livonija; Estonian: Liivimaa; German: Livland; Swedish: Livland; Polish: Inflanty; Russian: Лифляндия or Lifljandija) once was the land of the Finnic Livonians, but came in the Middle Ages to designate a much broader territory controlled by the Livonian Order on the eastern coasts of the Baltic Sea in present-day...

Biography

From the outset of his reign, Sigismund came into collision with the country's szlachta (gentry), who had already begun curtailing the power of the great families. The ostensible cause of the szlachta's animosity to the King was his second marriage, secretly contracted before his accession to the throne, with the beautiful Lithuanian Calvinist, Barbara Radziwiłł, daughter of Hetman Jerzy Radziwiłł. Polish szlachcic. ... Gentry is a term meaning one thing in the UK: landed gentry. ... In an unadorned church, the 17th century congregation stands to hear the sermon. ... Noble Family RadziwiÅ‚Å‚ Coat of Arms TrÄ…by Parents Jerzy RadziwiÅ‚Å‚ Barbara Kola Consorts Stanislaw GesztoÅ‚d Sigismund II August Children none Date of Birth December 6, 1520 Place of Birth  ? Date of Death May 8, 1551 Place of Death Kraków Barbara RadziwiÅ‚Å‚ (Polish: Barbara Radziwiłłówna, Lithuanian: Barbora... Hetman`s coat of arms Hetman StanisÅ‚aw Koniecpolski of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth Hetman was the title of the second highest military commander (after the monarch) used in 15th to 18th century Poland and Grand Duchy of Lithuania, known from 1569 to 1795 as the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. ... Noble Family RadziwiÅ‚Å‚ Coat of Arms TrÄ…by Parents MikoÅ‚aj RadiwiÅ‚Å‚owicz Zofia Anna Monwind Consorts Barbara Kiszka Barbara Kola Children with Barbara Kola Mikolaj Rudy RadziwiÅ‚Å‚ Anna Elżbieta RadziwiÅ‚Å‚ Barbara RadziwiÅ‚Å‚ Date of Birth 1480 Place of Birth  ? Date of Death April, 1541 Place of Death  ? Jerzy...

But the real forces behind the movement seem to have been the Austrian court and Sigismund's own mother, Bona Sforza, and so violent was the agitation at Sigismund's first sejm (October 31, 1548) that the deputies threatened to renounce their allegiance unless the King repudiated his wife Barbara. He refused, and his moral courage and political dexterity won the day. Bona Sforza Bona Sforza (born February 2, 1494 - November 19, 1557) was a queen of Poland and a second wife of Sigismund I of Poland since 1518. ... This article is about the lower chamber of Polish parliament. ... October 31 is the 304th day of the year (305th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 61 days remaining. ... Events Mary I of Scotland sent to France Births September 2 - Vincenzo Scamozzi, Italian architect (died 1616) September 29 - William V, Duke of Bavaria (died 1626) Francesco Andreini, Italian actor (died 1624) Giordano Bruno, Italian philosopher, astronomer, and occultist (burned at the stake) 1600 (died 1600) Honda Tadakatsu, Japanese general... Deputy may mean: A member of a Chamber of Deputies, National Assembly, etc. ...

By 1550, when Sigismund summoned his second sejm, a reaction had begun in his favor, and the szlachta was rebuked by Piotr Kmita, Marshal of the Sejm, who accused them of attempting to unduly diminish the legislative prerogatives of the crown. Events February 7 - Julius III becomes Pope. ... This article is about the lower chamber of Polish parliament. ... Polish szlachcic. ... This article is about the lower chamber of Polish parliament. ...

The death of Queen Barbara, five days after her coronation (December 7, 1550), under distressing circumstances which led to a suspicion that she had been poisoned by Bona Sforza, compelled Sigismund to contract a third, purely political union with his first cousin, the Austrian archduchess Catherine, also the sister of his first wife, Elisabeth, who had died within a year of her marriage to him, while he was still only crown prince. December 7 is the 341st day (342nd in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events February 7 - Julius III becomes Pope. ... Bona Sforza Bona Sforza (born February 2, 1494 - November 19, 1557) was a queen of Poland and a second wife of Sigismund I of Poland since 1518. ... Catherine of Habsburg or Catherine of Austria (14 January 1507– 12 February 1578), of the Habsburg family, princess of Spain, born a daughter of Philip, Archduke, Lord of Flanders, etc. ... Elisabeth of Austria Elisabeth of Austria (July 9, 1526 - June 15, 1545) was the eldest daughter of Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor and Anna of Bohemia and Hungary. ...

The third bride was sickly and unsympathetic, and Sigismund soon lost all hope of children by her — to his despair, for as he was the last male Jagiellon in the direct line, the dynasty was threatened with extinction. He sought to remedy this by liaisons with two of the most beautiful of his countrywomen, Barbara Giżanka and Anna Zajączkowska. The sejm was willing to legitimatize, and acknowledge as Sigismund's successor, any male heir who might be born to him; however, the King was to die childless. This article is about the lower chamber of Polish parliament. ...

Death of Barbara Radziwiłł Painting by Wojciech Gerson

The King's marriage was a matter of great political import to Protestants and Catholics alike. Had Sigismund not been so good a Catholic, he might have imitated Henry VIII of England by pleading that his detested third wife was the sister of his first wife, and that consequently the union was uncanonical. The Polish Protestants hoped that he would do so and thus bring about a breach with Rome at the very crisis of the religious struggle in Poland; while the Habsburgs, who coveted the Polish throne, raised every obstacle to the childless King's remarriage. Download high resolution version (800x698, 73 KB)barbara radziwill death, painting from 19th century 19th century painiting by Wojciech Gerson This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... Download high resolution version (800x698, 73 KB)barbara radziwill death, painting from 19th century 19th century painiting by Wojciech Gerson This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... Noble Family RadziwiÅ‚Å‚ Coat of Arms TrÄ…by Parents Jerzy RadziwiÅ‚Å‚ Barbara Kola Consorts Stanislaw GesztoÅ‚d Sigismund II August Children none Date of Birth December 6, 1520 Place of Birth  ? Date of Death May 8, 1551 Place of Death Kraków Barbara RadziwiÅ‚Å‚ (Polish: Barbara Radziwiłłówna, Lithuanian: Barbora... Wojciech Gerson (1831-1901) was a Polish painter and professor. ... Protestantism is a general grouping of denominations within Christianity. ... Henry VIII (28 June 1491 – 28 January 1547) was King of England and Lord of Ireland (later King of Ireland) from 22 April 1509 until his death. ... Protestantism is one of three primary branches of Christianity. ... Habsburg (sometimes spelled Hapsburg, but never so in official use) was one of the major ruling houses of Europe. ...

Not till Queen Catherine's death (February 28, 1572) was Sigismund set free, but less than six months later he would follow her to the grave. Catherine of Habsburg or Catherine of Austria (14 January 1507– 12 February 1578), of the Habsburg family, princess of Spain, born a daughter of Philip, Archduke, Lord of Flanders, etc. ... February 28 is the 59th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events January 16 - Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk is tried for treason for his part in the Ridolfi plot to restore Catholicism in England. ...

Sigismund's reign was a period of internal turmoil and external expansion.

Coat-of-arms of "the Two Nations."

He saw the invasion of Poland by the Reformation, and the democratic upheaval that placed all political power in the hands of the szlachta; he saw the collapse of the Knights of the Sword in the north (which led to the Republic's acquisition of Livonia) and the consolidation of Turkey's power in the south. Throughout this perilous transitional period, Sigismund successfully steered the ship of state amid the whirlpools that constantly threatened to engulf it. A less imposing figure than his father, the elegant and refined Sigismund II Augustus was nevertheless an even greater statesman than the stern and majestic Sigismund I the Old. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (364x601, 250 KB) Summary Herb Obojga Narodów Coat of arms of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth see also Image:PB PLC CoA.png Licensing File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (364x601, 250 KB) Summary Herb Obojga Narodów Coat of arms of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth see also Image:PB PLC CoA.png Licensing File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects... The Protestant Reformation was a movement which began in the 16th century as a series of attempts to reform the Roman Catholic Church, but ended in division and the establishment of new institutions, most importantly Lutheranism, Reformed churches, and Anabaptists. ... Polish szlachcic. ... The Livonian Brothers of the Sword (Latin Fratres militiae Christi, literally the brothers of the army of Christ), also known as the Christ Knights, Sword Brethren or The Militia of Christ of Livonia, was a military order started in 1202 by Albert von Buxhövden, bishop of Riga (or Prince-Bishop... Livonia (Latvian: Livonija; Estonian: Liivimaa; German: Livland; Swedish: Livland; Polish: Inflanty; Russian: Лифляндия or Lifljandija) once was the land of the Finnic Livonians, but came in the Middle Ages to designate a much broader territory controlled by the Livonian Order on the eastern coasts of the Baltic Sea in present-day... Reign From December 8, 1506 until April 1, 1548 Coronation On January 24, 1507 in the Wawel Cathedral, Kraków, Poland Royal House Jagiellon Parents Kazimierz IV Jagiellończyk Elżbieta Rakuszanka Consorts Katarzyna Telniczanka Barbara Zapolya Bona Sforza Children with Katarzyna Telniczanka Jan Regina Katarzyna with Barbara Zapolya Jadwiga Anna with Bona...

Death of Sigismund II at Knyszyn, by Jan Matejko, 1886, oil on canvas, National Museum, Warsaw.

Sigismund II possessed to a high degree the tenacity and patience that seem to have characterized all the Jagiellons, and he added to these qualities a dexterity and diplomatic finesse which he may have inherited from his Italian mother. No other Polish king seems to have so thoroughly understood the nature of the Polish sejm. Both the Austrian ambassadors and the papal legates testify to the care with which he controlled his nation. Everything went as he wished, they said, because he seemed to know everything in advance. He managed to get more money than his father ever could, and at one of his sejms he won the hearts of the assembly by unexpectedly appearing before them in the simple grey coat of a Masovian squire. Like his father, a pro-Austrian by conviction, he contrived even in this respect to carry with him the nation, always distrustful of the Germans, and thus avoided serious complications with the dangerous Turks. Death of Sigismund Augustus at Knyszyn by Matejko This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... Death of Sigismund Augustus at Knyszyn by Matejko This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... Knyszyn is a town in north-eastern Poland. ... Jan Matejko , self-portrait Jan Matejko (aka Jan Mateyko; Free City of Kraków, July 28, 1838 – November 1, 1893, Kraków, was a Polish artist famous for paintings of notable Polish political and military events. ... Warsaw (Polish: , (?), in full The Capital City of Warsaw, Polish: Miasto Stołeczne Warszawa) is the capital of Poland and its largest city. ... The Jagiellons were a royal dynasty originating in Lithuania, which reigned in some Central European countries between the 14th and 16th century. ... This article is about the lower chamber of Polish parliament. ... This article is about the lower chamber of Polish parliament. ... Historical division of Masovia Masovia (Polish: Mazowsze) is a geographical and historical region situated in central Poland with its capital at Warsaw. ...

Sigismund II mediated for twenty years between the Roman Catholic Church and the Protestants without alienating the sympathies of either. His most striking memorial, however, may have been the Union of Lublin, which finally made of Poland and Lithuania one body politic, the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth — the "Republic of the Two Nations" (Polish: Rzeczpospolita Obojga Narodów, Lithuanian: Abiejų Tautų Respublika). This achievement might well have been impossible without Sigismund. Catholic Church redirects here. ... Protestantism is one of three primary branches of Christianity. ... The Union of Lublin, painted by Jan Matejko The Union of Lublin (Lithuanian: Liublino unija; Belarusian: Лю́блінская ву́нія; Polish: Unia lubelska) - signed on July 1, 1569 in Lublin, united the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania into a single state, the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, with the official... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ...

Sigismund died at his beloved Knyszyn on July 6, 1572, aged 52. In 1573, Henry III of Valois was elected as King of the Polish-Lithuanian commonwealth for a few months, but then returned to France where he was coronated as King Henry III of France. Shortly thereafter, Sigismund's sister Anna of Poland married Stefan Batory, and they ruled as King and Queen of Poland. Knyszyn is a town in north-eastern Poland. ... Henry III (French: Henri III) (September 19, 1551 – August 2, 1589), born Alexandre-Édouard, was a member of the Valois Dynasty, King of France from May 30, 1574 until his death. ... Anna the Jagiellonian Anna Jagellonica (Polish:Anna Jagiellonka) 1523 - 1596, daughter of Sigismund I of Poland, wife of Stephen Bathory, King of Poland, one of the last members of the Jagiellon dynasty. ... Stefan Batory (1533-1586) was Prince of Transylvania (1571-1575), then King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania (1575-1586). ...

Marriages and children

He married three times:

• On May 5, 1543, Sigismund married his first wife Elisabeth of Austria (July 9, 1526 - June 15, 1545), eldest daughter of Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor and Anna of Bohemia and Hungary.
• Between July 28 and August 6, 1547, Sigismund married his second wife Barbara Radziwiłł (December 6, 1520 - May 8, 1551).
• In the summer of 1553, Sigismund married Catherine of Austria (September 15, 1533 - February 28, 1572), a younger sister of his first wife.

He had no legitimate children. He reportedly had an illegitimate daughter by his mistress Barbara Giżycka. She was also named Barbara and married Jakub Zawadzki. May 5 is the 125th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (126th in leap years). ... // Events February 21 - Battle of Wayna Daga - A combined army of Ethiopian and Portuguese troops defeat the armies of Adal led by Ahmed Gragn. ... Elisabeth of Austria Elisabeth of Austria (July 9, 1526 - June 15, 1545) was the eldest daughter of Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor and Anna of Bohemia and Hungary. ... Ferdinand I Habsburg Ferdinand I (10 March 1503–25 July 1564), Holy Roman Emperor (1556–1564), was born in Madrid, the son of Juana the Mad, Queen of Castile (1479–1555), and Philip I the Handsome, King of Castile (1478–1506), who was heir to Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I... Anna Jagellonica of Bohemia and Hungary (July 23, 1503 - January 27, 1547) was queen of Hungary and Bohemia, Queen-consort of the Romans and heiress of Bohemia and Hungary. ... July 28 is the 209th day (210th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 156 days remaining. ... August 6 is the 218th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (219th in leap years), with 147 days remaining. ... Events January 16 - Grand Duke Ivan IV of Muscovy becomes the first Tsar of Russia. ... Noble Family RadziwiÅ‚Å‚ Coat of Arms TrÄ…by Parents Jerzy RadziwiÅ‚Å‚ Barbara Kola Consorts Stanislaw GesztoÅ‚d Sigismund II August Children none Date of Birth December 6, 1520 Place of Birth  ? Date of Death May 8, 1551 Place of Death Kraków Barbara RadziwiÅ‚Å‚ (Polish: Barbara Radziwiłłówna, Lithuanian: Barbora... December 6 is the 340th day (341st on leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... mary elline m. ... May 8 is the 128th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (129th in leap years). ... Events Russia, Reforming Synod of the metropolite Macaire, Orthodoxy: introduction of a calendar of the saints and an ecclesiastical law code ( Stoglav ) Major outbreak of the sweating sickness in England. ... // Events June 26 - Christs Hospital in London gets a Royal Charter July 6 - Edward VI of England dies July 10 - Lady Jane Grey is proclaimed Queen of England - for the next nine days July 18 - Lord Mayor of London proclaims Queen Mary as the rightful Queen - Lady Jane Grey... Catherine of Habsburg or Catherine of Austria (14 January 1507– 12 February 1578), of the Habsburg family, princess of Spain, born a daughter of Philip, Archduke, Lord of Flanders, etc. ... September 15 is the 258th day of the year (259th in leap years). ... Events January 25 - King Henry VIII of England marries Anne Boleyn, his second Queen consort. ... February 28 is the 59th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events January 16 - Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk is tried for treason for his part in the Ridolfi plot to restore Catholicism in England. ...

See also

• History of Poland (1385-1569)
• History of Poland (1569-1795)

Monarchs of Poland
Piast:	Siemowit | Lestko | Siemomysł | Mieszko I | Boleslaw I the Brave | Mieszko II Lambert | Bezprym | Mieszko II Lambert | Casimir I the Restorer | Boleslav II the Bold | Władysław I Herman | Zbigniew of Poland | Bolesław III Wrymouth | Władysław II the Exile | Bolesław IV the Curly | Mieszko III the Old | Casimir II the Just | Leszek I the White | Władysław III Spindleshanks | Mieszko IV Tanglefoot | Konrad I of Masovia | Henryk I the Bearded | Henryk II the Pious | Konrad I of Masovia | Bolesław V the Chaste | Leszek II the Black | Henryk IV Probus | Premislas II
Přemyslid:	Venceslaus II | Wenceslaus III
Piast:	Władysław I the Elbow-high | Casimir III the Great
Angevin:	Ludwik the Hungarian | Jadwiga Angevin
Jagiellon:	Jogaila / Władysław II Jagiełło | Władysław III of Varna | Casimir IV Jagiellon | John I | Alexander Jagiellon | Sigismund I the Old | Sigismund II Augustus
Elected:	Henry III of France | Anna Jagiellon | Stefan Batory | Sigismund III Vasa | Władysław IV Vasa | John II Casimir | Michał Korybut Wiśniowiecki | John III Sobieski | August II the Strong | Stanisław Leszczyński | August II the Strong | Stanisław Leszczyński | August III the Saxon | Stanisław August Poniatowski

This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain. The Jagiellon Era 1385-1569, was dominated by the union of Poland with Lithuania under the Jagiellon Dynasty, founded by the Lithuanian grand duke Jagiello. ... Main article: Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth The Nihil novi act adopted by the Polish Diet in 1505 transferred all legislative power from the king to the Diet. ... Reign From December 8, 1506 until April 1, 1548 Coronation On January 24, 1507 in the Wawel Cathedral, Kraków, Poland Royal House Jagiellon Parents Kazimierz IV Jagiellończyk Elżbieta Rakuszanka Consorts Katarzyna Telniczanka Barbara Zapolya Bona Sforza Children with Katarzyna Telniczanka Jan Regina Katarzyna with Barbara Zapolya Jadwiga Anna with Bona... Poland was ruled by dukes (c. ... Henry III (French: Henri III) (September 19, 1551 – August 2, 1589), born Alexandre-Édouard, was a member of the Valois Dynasty, King of France from May 30, 1574 until his death. ... Until 1795, Poland or at least its nucleus was ruled at various times either by ksiaze, dukes (ca. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (730x810, 414 KB) Coat of Arms of Piast dynasty The eagle was cropped from some {{Polishsymbol}} coat of arms made by Halibutt in Blender and GIMP Based on the excellent French Wikipédia:Projet/Blasons and help from w:User:Snargle... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Siemowit (also Ziemowit) was, according to the chronicles of Gallus Anonymus, the son of Piast and Rzepicha. ... Lestko (also Lestek, Leszek) is the second legendary duke of Poland, and son of Siemowit, born probably 930/940 Though proof of his actual existence is unclear, he had to have been a major figure in his time, due to the fact that before Poland existed as a state, the... SiemomysÅ‚ is the third legendary Polish duke, and said to be the father of Polands first historical ruler, Mieszko I. SiemomysÅ‚ is credited with leaving the lands known as Greater Poland to his son, who further expanded them during his reign. ... Reign From c. ... Reign From 992 until 1025 Coronation On April 18, 1025 in Gniezno Cathedral, Poland Royal House Piast Coat of Arms Orzeł Piastowski Parents Mieszko I Dubrawka Consorts Rikdaga Judith Enmilda Oda Children with Judith Bezprym with Enmilda Regelina Mieszko II Lambert Otton with Oda Matylda Date of Birth 966/967... Reign From 1025 until 1031 Coronation On December 25, 1025 in Gniezno Cathedral, Poland Royal House Piast Coat of Arms Orzeł Piastowski Parents Bolesław I Chrobry Emnilda Consorts Ryksa Children with Ryksa Boleslaw Zapomiany Kazimierz I Odnowiciel Gertruda Date of Birth 990 Place of Birth  ? Date of Death May 10... Bezprym (986-1032), the first-born son of king of Poland BolesÅ‚aw I Chrobry and his second wife, who came from Hungary (unknown name); he was deprived of throne of Poland due to giving it to his brother Mieszko II. In 1031, in alliance with Conrad II, Holy Roman... Reign From 1025 until 1031 Coronation On December 25, 1025 in Gniezno Cathedral, Poland Royal House Piast Coat of Arms Orzeł Piastowski Parents Bolesław I Chrobry Emnilda Consorts Ryksa Children with Ryksa Boleslaw Zapomiany Kazimierz I Odnowiciel Gertruda Date of Birth 990 Place of Birth  ? Date of Death May 10... Casimir I on Jan Matejkos painting Casimir I, the Restorer (Polish: Kazimierz I Odnowiciel) (1015-1058), duke of Poland, was the son of Mieszko II of Poland and Rixa von Lothringen. ... BolesÅ‚aw II the Bold. ... WÅ‚adysÅ‚aw I Herman. ... Zbigniew of Poland (born after 1070, died 1112). ... BolesÅ‚aw III Wrymouth. ... WÅ‚adysÅ‚aw II the Exile. ... BolesÅ‚aw IV the Curly. ... Categories: Poland-related stubs | Polish monarchs | Dukes of Greater Poland | Dukes of Poznan | Dukes of Gniezno | Dukes of Kalisz ... Casimir II the Just on a painting by Jan Matejko Casimir II the Just (1138 - 5 May 1194; Polish: Kazimierz II Sprawiedliwy) of the Piast dynasty was the youngest son of Boleslaus III of Poland. ... Leszek I the White. ... WÅ‚adysÅ‚aw III Spindleshanks. ... Mieszko IV Tanglefoot (Polish: Mieszko IV PlÄ…tonogi; Mieszko IV of Racibórz; ca. ... Konrad I of Masovia. ... Henryk I the Bearded. ... Henryk II Pobożny Henry II the Pious, (Polish: Henryk II Pobożny, b. ... Konrad I of Masovia. ... BolesÅ‚aw Wstydliwy Boleslaus the Chaste or the Shy (Polish: BolesÅ‚aw Wstydliwy) (21 June 1226 O.S. – 7 December 1279 O.S.) was the son of Leszek the White. ... Leszek Czarny Leszek II the Black (Polish: Leszek II Czarny) ruled 1279-1288. ... See also List of Polish rulers Piast_dynasty Dukes of Silesia Categories: Poland-related stubs | Polish monarchs | Dukes of Wroclaw ... Premislas II Premislas II (also given in English and Latin as Premyslas or Premislaus, Polish PrzemysÅ‚ or less properly PrzemysÅ‚aw) (14 October 1257 – 8 February 1296) was the Duke of PoznaÅ„, Greater Poland, Kraków and Eastern Pomerania, and then King of Poland from 1295 until his death. ... PÅ™emyslid coat of arms. ... Wenceslaus II Wenceslaus II Premyslid (Czech: ; Polish: ; September 17, 1271 – June 21, 1305) was King of Bohemia (1278 - 1305), Duke of Kraków (1291 - 1305), King of Poland (1300 - 1305). ... Wenceslaus III Wenceslaus III Premyslid (Czech and Slovak Václav, Hungarian Vencel, Polish WacÅ‚aw), (October 6, 1289 – August 4, 1306) was the king of Hungary (1301 - 1305) and king of Bohemia (1305 - 1306). ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Wladislaus I on Jan Matejkos painting Wladislaus I the Short or Elbow-high (Polish: WÅ‚adysÅ‚aw I Łokietek) (1261–1333), was a King of Poland. ... Casimir the Great Casimir III the Great (Polish: Kazimierz Wielki), (1310-1370), King of Poland, son of king WÅ‚adyslaw I Łokietek (Wladyslaw the Elbow High), 1305-1333 and Jadwiga of Gniezno and Great Poland. ... Angevin (IPA: ) is the name applied to the residents of Anjou, a former province of the Kingdom of France, as well as to the residents of Angers. ... Louis the Great. ... This article is about the 14th-century queen and saint. ... The Jagiellons were a royal dynasty originating in Lithuania, which reigned in some Central European countries between the 14th and 16th century. ... ... WÅ‚adysÅ‚aw III of Varna. ... Casimir IV Jagiellon (Polish: , Lithuanian: ; Belarusian: ; 30 November 1427 - 7 June 1492), of the House of Jagiellons, was Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1440, and King of Poland from 1447, until his death. ... Jan I Olbracht (1459 – 1501) was King of Poland (1492 – 1501), Duke of GÅ‚ogów (1491 - 1498). ... Reign December 12, 1501 - August 19, 1506. ... Reign From December 8, 1506 until April 1, 1548 Coronation On January 24, 1507 in the Wawel Cathedral, Kraków, Poland Royal House Jagiellon Parents Kazimierz IV Jagiellończyk Elżbieta Rakuszanka Consorts Katarzyna Telniczanka Barbara Zapolya Bona Sforza Children with Katarzyna Telniczanka Jan Regina Katarzyna with Barbara Zapolya Jadwiga Anna with Bona... Election of Michal Korybut Wisniowiecki as king of Poland at Wola, outside Warsaw ( 1669). ... Henry III (French: Henri III) (September 19, 1551 – August 2, 1589), born Alexandre-Édouard, was a member of the Valois Dynasty, King of France from May 30, 1574 until his death. ... Anna Jagiellon. ... Stefan Batory (1533-1586) was Prince of Transylvania (1571-1575), then King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania (1575-1586). ... Reign in Poland From September 18, 1587 until April 19, 1632 Reign in Sweden From November 17, 1592 until July 24, 1599 Elected in Poland On September 18, 1587 in Wola, today suburb of Warsaw, Poland Coronation in Poland On December 27, 1587 in the Wawel Cathedral, Kraków, Poland Coronation... Reign in Poland November 8, 1632 – May 20, 1648. ... Reign From November, 1648 until September 16, 1668 Elected In November 1648 in Wola, today suburb of Warsaw, Poland Coronation On January 19, 1649 in the Wawel Cathedral, Kraków, Poland Royal House Vasa Parents Zygmunt III Waza Constance of Austria Consorts Ludwika Maria Children with Ludwika Maria Maria Anna... Reign From June 19, 1669 until November 10, 1673 Elected On June 19, 1669 in Wola, today suburb of Warsaw, Poland Coronation On September 29, 1669 in the Wawel Cathedral, Kraków, Poland Noble Family WiÅ›niowiecki Coat of Arms Korybut Parents Jeremi MichaÅ‚ WiÅ›niowiecki Gryzelda Konstancja Zamoyska Consorts... Reign From May 21, 1674, until June 17, 1696 Elected On May 21, 1674 in Wola, today suburb of Warsaw, Poland Coronation On February 2, 1676 in the Wawel Cathedral, Kraków, Poland Nobel Family Sobieski Coat of Arms Janina Parents Jakub Sobieski Zofia Teofillia Daniłowicz Consorts Marie Casimire Louise Children... Reign 1697 – 1706, and 1709 – 1 February 1733 Elected 1697 in Wola, now a district of Warsaw, Poland Coronation 15 September 1697, Wawel Cathedral, Kraków, Poland Royal House Wettin Parents John George III Wettin, Anne Sophie Consorts Christiane Eberhardine, Margravine of Brandenburg-Bayreuth Children August III the Saxon, Maurice... Reign From 1704 until 1709 and from 1733 until 1736 Elected In 1704 and 1733 in Wola, today suburb of Warsaw, Poland Coronation On October 4, 1705 in the St. ... Reign 1697 – 1706, and 1709 – 1 February 1733 Elected 1697 in Wola, now a district of Warsaw, Poland Coronation 15 September 1697, Wawel Cathedral, Kraków, Poland Royal House Wettin Parents John George III Wettin, Anne Sophie Consorts Christiane Eberhardine, Margravine of Brandenburg-Bayreuth Children August III the Saxon, Maurice... Reign From 1704 until 1709 and from 1733 until 1736 Elected In 1704 and 1733 in Wola, today suburb of Warsaw, Poland Coronation On October 4, 1705 in the St. ... Reign From 1734 until October 5, 1763 Elected In 1734 in Wola, today suburb of Warsaw, Poland Coronation On January 17, 1734 in the Wawel Cathedral, Kraków, Poland Royal House Wettin Parents August II Mocny ? Consorts Marie Josepha Children Frederick Christian Date of Birth October 7, 1696 Place of... For other persons named StanisÅ‚aw Poniatowski, see StanisÅ‚aw Poniatowski. ... Encyclopædia Britannica, the 11th edition The Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1910–1911) is perhaps the most famous edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica. ... The public domain comprises the body of all creative works and other knowledge—writing, artwork, music, science, inventions, and others—in which no person or organization has any proprietary interest. ...