Silver chloride
IUPAC name	Silver(I) chloride
Other names	Silver chloride; cerargyrite; chlorargyrite; horn silver
Identifiers
CAS number	7783-90-6
RTECS number	VW3563000
Properties
Molecular formula	AgCl
Molar mass	143.321 g mol−1
Appearance	White Solid
Density	5.56 × 103 kg m−3
Melting point	455 °C Image File history File links Size of this preview: 674 × 599 pixels Full resolution (1100 × 978 pixel, file size: 345 KB, MIME type: image/png) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Silver chloride ... IUPAC nomenclature is a system of naming chemical compounds and of describing the science of chemistry in general. ... CAS registry numbers are unique numerical identifiers for chemical compounds, polymers, biological sequences, mixtures and alloys. ... RTECS, also known as Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances, is a database of toxicity information compiled from the open scientific literature that is available for charge. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Molar mass is the mass of one mole of a chemical element or chemical compound. ... In physics, density is mass m per unit volume V. For the common case of a homogeneous substance, it is expressed as: where, in SI units: ρ (rho) is the density of the substance, measured in kg·m-3 m is the mass of the substance, measured in kg V is... The melting point of a crystalline solid is the temperature at which it changes state from solid to liquid. ...
Boiling point	1150 °C Italic text This article is about the boiling point of liquids. ...
Solubility in water	52 × 10−6 g/100 g at 50 °C
Structure
Crystal structure	halite
Thermochemistry
Std enthalpy of formation ΔfHo298	−127.01 kJ mol−1
Standard molar entropy So298	96.25 J mol−1 K−1
Hazards
MSDS	Salt Lake Metals
NFPA 704	Solubility refers to the ability for a given substance, the solute, to dissolve in a solvent. ... Impact from a water drop causes an upward rebound jet surrounded by circular capillary waves. ... Enargite crystals In mineralogy and crystallography, a crystal structure is a unique arrangement of atoms in a crystal. ... Jordanian and Israeli salt evaporation ponds at the south end of the Dead Sea Sodium chloride, also known as common salt, table salt, or halite, is a chemical compound with the formula NaCl. ... The standard enthalpy of formation or standard heat of formation of a compound is the change of enthalpy that accompanies the formation of 1 mole of a substance in its standard state from its constituent elements in their standard states (the most stable form of the element at 1 atmosphere... In chemistry, the standard molar entropy is the entropy content of one mole of substance, under conditions of standard temperature and pressure. ... This page meets Wikipedias criteria for speedy deletion. ... NFPA 704 is a standard maintained by the U.S. National Fire Protection Association. ... Image File history File links NFPA_704. ... 0 2 0
Related Compounds
Other anions	silver(I) fluoride, silver bromide, silver iodide
Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) Infobox disclaimer and references

Silver chloride is a chemical compound with the chemical formula AgCl. This white crystalline solid is well known for its low solubility in water (this behavior being reminiscent of the chlorides of Tl⁺ and Pb²⁺). Upon illumination or heating, silver chloride converts to silver (and chlorine), which is signalled by greyish or purplish coloration to some samples. AgCl occurs naturally as a mineral chlorargyrite. An electrostatic potential map of the nitrate ion (NO3−). Areas coloured red are lower in energy than areas colored yellow An ion is an atom or group of atoms which have lost or gained one or more electrons, making them negatively or positively charged. ... Silver(I) fluoride Silver(I) fluoride (AgF), also known as argentous fluoride, is a compound of silver and fluorine. ... Silver bromide (AgBr), a soft, pale-yellow, insoluble salt well known (along with other silver halides) for its unusual sensitivity to light. ... Silver iodide (AgI) is a chemical compound used in photography, an antiseptic in medicine, rainmaking and cloud seeding. ... In chemistry, the standard state of a material is its state at 1 bar (100 kilopascals) and 25 degrees Celsius (298. ... A chemical compound is a chemical substance of two or more different chemically bonded chemical elements, with a fixed ratio determining the composition. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Quartz crystal Synthetic bismuth hopper crystal Insulin crystals Gallium, a metal that easily forms large single crystals A huge monocrystal of potassium dihydrogen phosphate grown from solution by Saint-Gobain for the megajoule laser of CEA. In chemistry and mineralogy, a crystal is a solid in which the constituent atoms... Solubility refers to the ability for a given substance, the solute, to dissolve in a solvent. ... Impact from a water drop causes an upward rebound jet surrounded by circular capillary waves. ... Chlorargyrite is a silver chloride mineral with the simple formula AgCl. ...

Coordination chemistry

The solid adopts the fcc NaCl structure, in which each Ag⁺ ion is surrounded by an octahedron of six chloride ligands. AgF and AgBr crystallize similarly.^[1] AgCl dissolves in solutions containing ligands such as chloride, triphenylphosphine, thiosulfate, and ammonia. Silver chloride reacts with these ligands according to the following illustrative equations: Sodium chloride, also known as common salt, table salt, or halite, is a chemical compound with formula NaCl. ... An octahedron (plural: octahedra) is a polyhedron with eight faces. ... In chemistry, a ligand is an atom, ion, or molecule (see also: functional group) that generally donates one or more of its electrons through a coordinate covalent bond to, or shares its electrons through a covalent bond with, one or more central atoms or ions (these ligands act as a... Triphenylphosphine (in Europe: triphenylphosphane) is a common organophosphorus compound with the formula P(C6H5)3 - often abbreviated to PPh3 or Ph3P. It is widely used in the synthesis of organic and organometallic compounds. ... It has been suggested that thiosulfate ion be merged into this article or section. ... Ammonia is a compound with the formula NH3. ...

AgCl(s) + Cl^–(concentrated, aqueous) → AgCl₂^-(aq)

AgCl(s) + 2S₂O₃^2–(aq) → Ag[(S₂O₃)₂]^3-(aq) + Cl^-(aq)

AgCl(s) + 2NH₃(aq) → Ag[(NH₃)₂]⁺(aq) + Cl^-(aq)

Most complexes derived from AgCl are two-, three-, and, in rare cases, four-coordinate, adopting linear, trigonal planar, and tetrahedral coordination geometries, respectively.

In one of the most famous reactions in chemistry, addition of aqueous silver nitrate to an equally colourless solution of sodium chloride produces an opaque white precipitate of AgCl:^[2] R-phrases , S-phrases , , , , Flash point non-flammable Supplementary data page Structure and properties n, εr, etc. ...

Ag⁺(aq) + Cl^-(aq) → AgCl(s)

This conversion is a common test for the presence of chloride in solution. The solubility product, K_sp, for AgCl is 1.8 x 10^-10, which indicates that one liter of water will dissolve 0.000013 grams of AgCl. The chloride content of an aqueous solution can be determined quantitatively by weighing the precipitated AgCl, which conveniently is non-hygroscopic since AgCl is one of the few transition metal chlorides that is unreactive toward water. Ions that interfere with this test are bromide and iodide, as well as a variety of ligand. For AgBr and AgI, the values are 5.2 x 10^-13 and 8.3 x 10^-17, respectively. The bromide (tan) and iodide (yellow) are also significantly more photosensitive than is AgCl. Drinking water This article focuses on water as we experience it every day. ... For other uses, see Solid (disambiguation). ... The chloride ion is formed when the element chlorine picks up one electron to form an anion (negatively-charged ion) Cl−. The salts of hydrochloric acid HCl contain chloride ions and can also be called chlorides. ... Solubility equilibrium is any chemical equilibrium between solid and dissolved states of a compound at saturation. ... A bromide is a phrase, or person who uses phrases, which have been used and repeated so many times as to become either insincere in their meaning, or seem like an attempt at trying to explain the obvious. ... An iodide ion is an iodine atom with a −1 (negative one) charge. ...

Applications

• Silver chloride is used to make photographic film and photographic paper since it converts to gray-black metallic Ag via photoreduction.
• The Silver Chloride Electrode is a common reference electrode in electrochemistry
• Silver chloride's low solubility makes it a useful addition to pottery glazes for the production of "Inglaze lustre".
• Silver chloride has been used as an antidote for mercury poisoning, assisting in the elimination of mercury.
• Silver chloride is often used in photochromic lenses, again taking advantage of its reversible conversion to Ag metal.
• Silver chloride is used to create yellow, amber, and brown shades in stained glass manufacture.
• Silver chloride is used in bandages and wound healing products.

This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Until the advent of digital photographic processes, the sole meaning of Photographic Paper was paper coated with light-sensitive chemicals. ... Light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis at the thylakoid membrane The first stage of the photosynthetic system is the light-dependent reaction, which converts solar energy into chemical energy. ... A silver chloride electrode is a type of reference electrode, used for measuring electrochemical potential. ... English chemists John Daniell (left) and Michael Faraday (right), both credited to be founders of electrochemistry as known today. ... Lustre (American English: luster) is a description of the way light interacts with the surface of a crystal, rock or mineral. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Mercury_toxicity. ... General Name, Symbol, Number mercury, Hg, 80 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 12, 6, d Appearance silvery Standard atomic weight 200. ... Photochromic lenses are lenses that darken on exposure to UV radiation. ... Strictly speaking, stained glass is glass that has been painted with silver stain and then fired. ... Theres also a song called Bandages by the American alternative rock group Hot Hot Heat which appears on the 2002 album Make Up the Breakdown. ...

Footnotes

1. ^ Wells, A.F. (1984) Structural Inorganic Chemistry, Oxford: Clarendon Press. ISBN 0-19-855370-6.
2. ^ More info on Chlorine test: [1]

External links

• Silver Chloride Data Sheet
• Science Lab.com MSDS for silver chloride
• Salt Lake Metals.com MSDS for Silver Chloride
• Solubility of Silver Chloride in various solutions - plus Lab Notes