Silver nitrate
General
Molecular formula	AgNO3
Molar mass	169.8731 g/mol
Appearance	white solid
CAS number	7761-88-8
Properties
Density and phase	4.35 g/cm3, solid
Solubility in water	219 g/100 ml (20 °C °C)
Melting point	212 °C
Boiling point	444 °C decomp.
Structure
Coordination geometry	Trigonal Pyramidal
Crystal structure	rhombohedral
Hazards
MSDS	External MSDS
EU classification	Corrosive (C) Dangerous for the environment (N)
NFPA 704	Image File history File links Silver-nitrate-2D.svg‎ File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Silver nitrate ... A chemical formula (also called molecular formula) is a concise way of expressing information about the atoms that constitute a particular chemical compound. ... Molar mass is the mass of one mole of a chemical element or chemical compound. ... CAS registry numbers are unique numerical identifiers for chemical compounds, polymers, biological sequences, mixtures and alloys. ... In physics, density is defined as mass m per unit volume V. Mathematically, it is expressed as where, in SI units: ρ (rho) is the density of the substance, measured in kg·m-3 m is the mass of the substance, measured in kg V is the volume of the substance... In the physical sciences, a phase is a set of states of a macroscopic physical system that have relatively uniform chemical composition and physical properties (i. ... Solubility refers to the ability for a given substance, the solute, to dissolve in a solvent. ... This article describes water from a scientific and technical perspective. ... The melting point of a crystalline solid is the temperature at which it changes state from solid to liquid. ... The boiling point of a substance is the temperature at which it can change its state from a liquid to a gas throughout the bulk of the liquid at a given pressure. ... The coordination geometry of an atom is the geometrical pattern formed by its neighbors in a molecule or a crystal. ... Enargite crystals In mineralogy and crystallography, a crystal structure is a unique arrangement of atoms in a crystal. ... In crystallography, the rhombohedral (or trigonal) crystal system is one of the 7 lattice point groups. ... An example MSDS in a US format provides guidance for handling a hazardous substance and information on its composition and properties. ... Council Directive 67/548/EEC of 27 June 1967 on the approximation of laws, regulations and administrative provisions relating to the classification, packaging and labelling of dangerous substances (as amended) is the main source of European Union law concerning chemical safety. ... NFPA 704 is a standard maintained by the U.S. National Fire Protection Association. ... Image File history File links NFPA_704. ... 0 2 0 ox
R-phrases	R34, R50/53
S-phrases	S1/2, S26, S45, S60, S61
Flash point	non-flammable
Supplementary data page
Structure and properties	n, εr, etc.
Thermodynamic data	Phase behaviour Solid, liquid, gas
Spectral data	UV, IR, NMR, MS
Related compounds
Other anions	?
Other cations	Copper(II) nitrate
Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) Infobox disclaimer and references

Silver nitrate is a chemical compound with chemical formula AgNO₃. This nitrate of silver is the light-sensitive ingredient in photographic film and is a corrosive compound. Soluble silver salts tends to be very toxic to bacteria and other lower life forms. The classic black and white film would be made using silver bromide which is made from silver nitrate. The compound notably stains skin a greyish or black color that is made visible after exposure to sunlight. R-phrases are defined in Annex III of European Union Directive 67/548/EEC: Nature of special risks attributed to dangerous substances and preparations. ... S-phrases are defined in Annex IV of European Union Directive 67/548/EEC: Safety advice concerning dangerous substances and preparations. ... The flash point of a flammable liquid is the lowest temperature at which it can form an ignitable mixture with air. ... The refractive index (or index of refraction) of a material is the factor by which the phase velocity of electromagnetic radiation is slowed in that material, relative to its velocity in a vacuum. ... The dielectric constant εr (represented as or K in some cases) is defined as the ratio: where εs is the static permittivity of the material in question, and ε0 is the vacuum permittivity. ... Ultraviolet-Visible Spectroscopy or Ultraviolet-Visible Spectrophotometry (UV/ VIS) involves the spectroscopy of photons (spectrophotometry). ... Infrared spectroscopy (IR Spectroscopy) is the subset of spectroscopy that deals with the infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum. ... It has been suggested that NMR Data Processing be merged into this article or section. ... Mass spectrometry (also known as mass spectroscopy (deprecated)[1] or in common speech mass-spec) is an analytical technique used to measure the mass-to-charge ratio of ions. ... “Multivalent” redirects here. ... “Multivalent” redirects here. ... Copper(II) nitrate is the chemical compound with the formula Cu(NO3)2. ... In chemistry, the standard state of a material is its state at 1 bar (100 kilopascals) and 25 degrees Celsius (298. ... A chemical compound is a chemical substance consisting of two or more different chemically bonded chemical elements, with a fixed ratio determining the composition. ... A chemical formula (also called molecular formula) is a concise way of expressing information about the atoms that constitute a particular chemical compound. ... General Name, Symbol, Number silver, Ag, 47 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 11, 5, d Appearance lustrous white metal Atomic mass 107. ... General Name, Symbol, Number nitrogen, N, 7 Chemical series nonmetals Group, Period, Block 15, 2, p Appearance colorless gas Atomic mass 14. ... General Name, Symbol, Number oxygen, O, 8 Chemical series Nonmetals, chalcogens Group, Period, Block 16, 2, p Appearance colorless (gas) very pale blue (liquid) Atomic mass 15. ... An electrostatic potential map of the nitrate ion. ... General Name, Symbol, Number silver, Ag, 47 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 11, 5, d Appearance lustrous white metal Atomic mass 107. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Silver bromide (AgBr), a soft, pale-yellow, insoluble salt well known (along with other silver halides) for its unusual sensitivity to light. ...

Finger stained by silver nitrate

Image File history File linksMetadata Agno3stain. ...

Synthesis

Silver nitrate crystals can be produced by dissolving silver metal in a solution of nitric acid and evaporating the solution. The equation is as follows: 3Ag_(s) + 4HNO_3(aq) → 3AgNO_3(aq) + 2H₂O_(l) + NO_(g) The chemical compound nitric acid (HNO3), also known as aqua fortis and spirit of nitre, is an aqueous solution of hydrogen nitrate (anhydrous nitric acid). ...

Applications

Photography

When making photographic film, silver nitrate is reacted with halide salts of sodium or potassium to form insoluble silver halide in situ in photographic gelatin, which is then applied to strips of tri-acetate or polyester. Photons from sunlight, X-rays or other sources, initiate a chemical chain reaction: when photons strike silver nitrate molecules, they free electrons from the halide ions. These free electrons roam through the crystal and settle in structural imperfections called sensitivity specks. These specks attract positive silver ions, which are then neutralized to form groups of stable silver atoms, creating a latent image that is chemically developed to reveal a photographic image. This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... A halide is a binary compound, of which one part is a halogen atom and the other part is an element or radical that is less electronegative than the halogen, to make a fluoride, chloride, bromide, iodide, or astatide compound. ... A silver halide is one of the compounds formed between silver and one of the halogens, usually silver bromide (AgBr), silver chloride (AgCl) and silver iodide (AgI). ... Gelatin (also gelatine, from French gélatine) is a translucent brittle solid substance, colorless or slightly yellow, nearly tasteless and odorless, which is created by prolonged boiling of connective tissue such as skin, cartilage, and bones obtained from the animal processing industry. ... Acetate, or ethanoate, is the anion of a salt or ester of acetic acid. ... SEM picture of a bend in a high surface area polyester fiber with a seven-lobed cross section Polyester is a category of polymers, or, more specifically condensation polymers, which contain the ester functional group in their main chain. ... The word light is defined here as electromagnetic radiation of any wavelength; thus, X-rays, gamma rays, ultraviolet light, microwaves, radio waves, and visible light are all forms of light. ... In the NATO phonetic alphabet, X-ray represents the letter X. An X-ray picture (radiograph) taken by Röntgen An X-ray is a form of electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength approximately in the range of 5 pm to 10 nanometers (corresponding to frequencies in the range 30 PHz... Properties The electron (also called negatron, commonly represented as e−) is a subatomic particle. ... “Multivalent” redirects here. ... This page is a candidate to be moved to Wiktionary. ... Properties For alternative meanings see atom (disambiguation). ...

Explosives

Silver nitrate is used to prepare some silver-based explosives, such as the fulminate, azide, or acetylide, through a precipitation reaction. Fulminates are chemical compounds which includes the fulminate anion. ... An azide is the N3- anion, the anion of hydrazoic acid or a reactive group in organic chemistry where a carbon substituent is attached as RN3. ... An acetylide ion is an alkyne that has had a proton (hydrogen) removed from the terminal end. ... Precipitation is the condensation of a solid from a solution during a chemical reaction. ...

Electrochemistry

Silver nitrate may be used to electroplate metals if dissolved in water. Electroplating is the the coating of an electrically conductive item with a layer of metal using electrical current. ... Hot metal work from a blacksmith In chemistry, a metal (Greek: Metallon) is an element that readily loses electrons to form positive ions (cations) and has metallic bonds between metal atoms. ... Solvation is the attraction and association of molecules of a solvent with molecules or ions of a solute. ...

Medicine

Silver nitrate has antiseptic properties. It is sometimes dropped into newborn babies' eyes at birth to prevent contraction of gonorrhoea or chlamydia from the mother. Eye infections and blindness of newborns is reduced by this method. This method was invented by Credé in 1881 and is still in use.^[1][2][3] Disposal of even small quantities of silver nitrate in toilets connected to a septic tank is guaranteed to destroy the septic bacteria and necessitate pumping out and flushing and seeding with fresh bacteria. Fused silver nitrate, shaped into sticks, was traditionally called lunar caustic. It is used as a cauterizing agent. A physician in Canada named Dr. Ringrose used silver nitrate in experimental research by conducting sterilization procedures on women. He was a specialist in obstetrics and gynaecology who believed that the corrosive properties of silver nitrate could be used to block and corrode the fallopian tubes, in a process that he called "office tubal sterilization". See Cryderman v. Ringrose (1978), 89 D.L.R. (3d) 32 (Alta S.C.) and Zimmer et. al v. Ringrose (1981) 4 W.W.R. 75 (Alta C.A.). The malpractice suits were not successful even though the silver nitrate technique didn't work (in fact at least two women ended up having to undergo abortions.) An antiseptic solution of iodine applied to a cut Antiseptics (Greek αντι, against, and σηπτικος, putrefactive) are antimicrobial substances that are applied to living tissue/skin to reduce the possibility of infection, sepsis, or putrefaction. ... A human infant The word Infant derives from the Latin in-fans, meaning unable to speak. ... Gonorrhoea (gonorrhea in American English) is among the most common sexually-transmitted diseases in the world and is caused by Penis penis Neisseria penis. ... Chlamydia is a common term for infection with any bacteria belonging to the phylum Chlamydiae. ... Flush toilet A toilet is a plumbing fixture devised for the disposal of bodily wastes, including urine, feces, menses and vomit. ... A septic tank also known as a septic system is a small scale sewage treatment system common in areas with no connection to main sewerage pipes. ... Cauterization is a medical term describing the burning of the body to remove or close a part of it. ...

Biology

In histology, silver nitrate is used for silver staining, for demonstrating proteins and nucleic acids. For this reason it is also used to demonstrate proteins in PAGE gels. It is also used as a stain in scanning electron microscopy. A thin section of lung tissue stained with hematoxylin and eosin. ... Silver staining is the use of silver to stain histologic sections. ... A representation of the 3D structure of myoglobin, showing coloured alpha helices. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... DNA electrophoresis apparatus. ... Low temperature SEM magnification series for a snow crystal. ...

Toxicity

As with all silver salts, silver nitrate is toxic. Ingesting as little as 2 grams can be fatal. Often, milk or egg white can be used to treat individuals who have swallowed silver nitrate, because since they contain denatured protein, the carboxyl and free –SH groups of these products bind to the Ag in its ionic form. A denatured protein is one which has lost its functional conformation. ... A carboxyl or carboxylic group is a functional group consisting of a carbon atom and an oxygen atom doubly bonded to each other. ... Look up AG, ag in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

In fiction

• In The Five People You Meet in Heaven, by Mitch Albom, the Blue Man became blue because he took too much silver nitrate, and the poison turned his skin gray, then blue.
• Lunar Caustic is the name of a novel by Under the Volcano author Malcolm Lowry, published posthumously in 1968.
• A site related to the marketing of the upcoming Nine Inch Nails concept album Year Zero features a sound file with a character known simply as an "Angry Sniper" who decimates people at Wrigley Field with bombs filled with silver nitrite.
• In the film Underworld, bullets containing silver nitrate are used as a weapon against Lycans (werewolves).

The Five People You Meet in Heaven is a novel by Mitch Albom, published in 2003. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Under the Volcano (1947) is a semi-autobiographical novel by English writer Malcolm Lowry. ... Malcolm Lowry (July 28, 1909 – June 26, 1957) was an English poet and novelist. ... “NIN” redirects here. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Year Zero (also known as Halo 24)[1] is the title of a Nine Inch Nails studio album to be released on April 16, 2007 in Europe, and the following day worldwide. ... For the former minor league baseball park, see Wrigley Field (Los Angeles). ... Underworld is a 2003 horror/action movie (see 2003 in film) about the secret history of vampire and werewolves, where the latter are referred to as Lycan as an abbreviated form of lycanthrope. ...

External links

• International Chemical Safety Card 1116
• NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards
• Film Making
• Links to external chemical sources