NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Sindh

Sindh (Sindhī: سنڌ, Urdū: سندھ) is one of the four provinces of Pakistan and historically is home to the Sindhis. Different cultural and ethnic groups also reside in Sindh including Urdu speaking people who migrated from India at the time of independence and partition as well as the people migrated from other provinces after independence. Neighbouring regions are Balochistan to the west and north, Punjab in the north, Rajasthan and Gujarat (India) to the east, and the Arabian Sea to the south. The main languages are Sindhi and Siraiki. In Sanskrit, the province was dubbed Sindhu meaning "ocean". The Assyrians (as early as the seventh century BCE) knew the region as Sinda, the Persians Abisind, the Greeks Sinthus, the Romans Sindus, the Chinese Sintow, while the Arabs dubbed it Sind. It is mentioned to be a part of Abhirrdesh (Abhira Kingdom) in Srimad Bhagavatam.^[2] Historically it was also known as Aparanta.^[3] Sindh was the first place where Islam spread in South Asia. As a result, it is often referred to as "Bab-al-Islam" (Gate of Islam). Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... File links The following pages link to this file: Sindh Categories: GFDL images ... Subnational entity is a generic term for an administrative region within a country â€” on an arbitrary level below that of the sovereign state â€” typically with a local government encompassing multiple municipalities, counties, or provinces with a certain degree of autonomy in a varying number of matters. ... Map of Earth showing lines of latitude (horizontally) and longitude (vertically), Eckert VI projection; large version (pdf, 1. ... (Sindhi: , Urdu: ) is the largest city in Pakistan and is the provincial capital of Sindh province. ... Population density per square kilometre by country, 2006 Population density map of the world in 1994. ... This article is about the physical quantity. ... Timezone and TimeZone redirect here. ... Pakistan Standard Time (PST) is the time zone for Pakistan. ... UTC +5 is the timezone for : Pakistan Standard Time in Pakistan. ... Language families in Pakistan are mainly Indo-Aryan with a minor language belonging to Dravidian (Brahui) and one language isolate (burushaski) English is an official language of Pakistan while Urdu is termed the national language. ... SindhÄ« (Ø³Ù†ÚŒÙŠ, à¤¸à¤¿à¤¨à¥à¤§à¥€) is the language of the Sindh region of South Asia, which is now a province of Pakistan. ... Urdu ( , , trans. ... Saraiki is an old language spoken in central Pakistan. ... The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... Balochi may refer to: Baloch people Balochi language This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... Pashto (â€Ž, IPA: , also rendered as Pakhto, Pushto, Pukhto â€Ž, Pashtoe, Pashtu, Pushtu, Pathani or Pushtoo and also known as Afghan language[4][5]) is an Iranian language spoken by Pashtuns living in Afghanistan and Pakistan[6]. // Geographic distribution of Pashto (purple) and other Iranian languages Pashto is spoken by about 30... The Districts of Pakistan form the third tier of government in Pakistan, ranking as subdivisions of the provinces of Pakistan. ... Ronda, Spain Main street in Bastrop, Texas, United States, a small town A town is a community of people ranging from a few hundred to several thousands, although it may be applied loosely even to huge metropolitan areas. ... Union Councils of Pakistan are local governments in Pakistan. ... A relief map of Pakistan showing historic sites. ... For other uses, see Governor (disambiguation). ... Commissioner is a designation that may be used for a variety of official positions, especially referring to a high-ranking public (administrative or police) official, or an analogous official in the private sector (e. ... A Chief Minister is the elected Head of Government of a state of India, a territory of Australia or a British overseas territory that has attained self-government. ... A legislatureis a type of representative deliberative assembly with the power to ratify laws. ... Year 1970 (MCMLXX) was a common year starting on Thursday (link shows full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 182nd day of the year (183rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Ishrat-ul-Ibad Khan (alternative spelling: Ishrat-ul-Ebad Khan) is, as of 2007, the Governor of the province of Sindh in Pakistan. ... Syed Qaim Ali Shah is a famous politician from the Pakistan Peoples Party and was a close confidante of the Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto. ... A website (alternatively, Web site or web site) is a collection of Web pages, images, videos or other digital assets that is hosted on one or several Web server(s), usually accessible via the Internet, cell phone or a LAN. A Web page is a document, typically written in HTML... SindhÄ« (Ø³Ù†ÚŒÙŠ, à¤¸à¤¿à¤¨à¥à¤§à¥€) is the language of the Sindh region of South Asia, which is now a province of Pakistan. ... Urdu ( , , trans. ... Currently, Pakistan is subdivided into four provinces, two territories, and also portions of Kashmir that are administered by the Pakistani government. ... Sindhis (à¤¸à¤¿à¤¨à¥à¤§à¥€, Ø³Ù†ÚŒÙŠ) are an Indo-Aryan language speaking socio-ethnic group of people originating in Sindh which is part of present day Pakistan. ... Balochistan, or Ballsforchinstan, Balochi, Pashto, Urdu: Ø¨Ù„ÙˆÚ†Ø³ØªØ§Ù†) is a province in Pakistan, the largest in the country by geographical area. ... This article is about the Pakistani province. ... , RÄjasthÄn (DevanÄgarÄ«: à¤°à¤¾à¤œà¤¸à¥à¤¥à¤¾à¤¨, IPA: ) is the largest state of the Republic of India in terms of area. ... This article is for the Indian state. ... The Arabian Sea (Arabic: Ø¨ØØ± Ø§Ù„Ø¹Ø±Ø¨; transliterated: Bahr al-Arab) is a region of the Indian Ocean bounded on the east by India, on the north by Pakistan and Iran, on the west by Arabian Peninsula, on the south, approximately, by a line between Cape Guardafui, the north-east point of Somalia... SindhÄ« (Ø³Ù†ÚŒÙŠ, à¤¸à¤¿à¤¨à¥à¤§à¥€) is the language of the Sindh region of South Asia, which is now a province of Pakistan. ... Saraiki is an old language spoken in central Pakistan. ... Sanskrit ( , for short ) is a classical language of India, a liturgical language of Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism, and Jainism, and one of the 23 official languages of India. ... It has been suggested that Assyrian people be merged into this article or section. ... The Persians of Iran (officially named Persia by West until 1935 while still referred to as Persia by some) are an Iranian people who speak Persian (locally named FÃ¢rsi by native speakers) and often refer to themselves as ethnic Iranians as well. ... Ancient Rome was a civilization that grew from a small agricultural community founded on the Italian Peninsula circa the 9th century BC to a massive empire straddling the Mediterranean Sea. ... Languages Arabic other minority languages Religions Predominantly Sunni Islam, as well as Shia Islam, Greek Orthodoxy, Greek Catholicism, Roman Catholicism, Alawite Islam, Druzism, Ibadi Islam, and Judaism Footnotes a Mainly in Antakya. ... Sudra and Abhira were mentioned as two kingdoms where the river Saraswati existed only as a dried up river bed during the time of Kurukshetra War. ... The Bhagavata Purana (sometimes rendered as Bhagavatha Purana), also known as the Srimad Bhagavatam, written c. ... Map of South Asia (see note on Kashmir). ...

Geography

Sindh is located on the western corner of South Asia, bordering the Iranian plateau in the west. Geographically it is the third largest province of Pakistan, stretching about 579 km from north to south and 442 km (extreme) or 281 km (average) from east to west, with an area of 54,407 square miles or 140,915 km² of Pakistani territory. Sindh is bounded by the Thar Desert to the east, the Kirthar Mountains to the west, and the Arabian Sea in the south. In the centre is a fertile plain around the Indus river. The devastating floods of the river Indus are now controlled by irrigation techniques. Map of South Asia (see note on Kashmir). ... Topographic map of the Iranian plateau connecting to Anatolia in the west and Hindu Kush and Himalaya in the east Iranian plateau is both a geographical area of South or West Asia, home of ancient civilizations[1], and a geological area of Eurasia north of the great folded mountain belts... To help compare orders of magnitude of different geographical regions, we list here surface areas between 100,000 kmÂ² and 1,000,000 kmÂ². ... Square kilometre (U.S. spelling: square kilometer), symbol kmÂ², is a decimal multiple of SI unit of surface area square metre, one of the SI derived units. ... A NASA satellite image of the Thar Desert, with the India-Pakistan border superimposed is found in canada, united states. ... Kirthar Mountains range is loacted in Balochistan andSindh provinces of Pakistan. ... The Arabian Sea (Arabic: Ø¨ØØ± Ø§Ù„Ø¹Ø±Ø¨; transliterated: Bahr al-Arab) is a region of the Indian Ocean bounded on the east by India, on the north by Pakistan and Iran, on the west by Arabian Peninsula, on the south, approximately, by a line between Cape Guardafui, the north-east point of Somalia... â€¹ The template below (Citations missing) is being considered for deletion. ...

Karachi became capital of Sindh in 1936, in place of the traditional capitals of Hyderabad and Thatta. Other important cities include Sanghar, Sukkur, Shahdadkot, Kamber Ali Khan, Sehwan, Mirpukhas, Larkano,Nawabshah, Shikarpur, Khairpur Mir's, Nawabshah, Kashmor, Dadu, Umerkot, Tharparkar, Jacobabad, Ghotki, Ranipur, Gambat, (Jam Shoro) (Tando Muhammed Khan)(Tando Allah Yar)Sobhodero, Hingorja, Nao shahro Feroz, Moro, Qazi Ahmed and Sehtharja. (Sindhi: , Urdu: ) is the largest city in Pakistan and is the provincial capital of Sindh province. ... Hyderabad or HaidarÄbÄd (Urdu/Sindhi: ØÙŠØ¯Ø± Ø¢Ø¨Ø§Ø¯) is located in the Sindh province of Pakistan (formerly known as Neroon Kot Ù†ÙŠØ±ÙÙˆÙ† ÚªÙˆÙ½). Formerly the capital of Sindh and known as the city of perfumes, it is now a regional headquarter of the district of Hyderabad. ... Thatta or Thatto (Urdu: Ù¹Ú¾Ù¹Û, Sindhi:ÙºÙ½Ùˆ) is a historic town of 22,000 inhabitants in the Sindh province of Pakistan, near Lake Keenjhar, the largest freshwater lake in the country. ... Dadu District (Urdu: Ø¯Ø§Ø¯Ùˆ ) is located in Sindh, Pakistan. ... Sukkur (Urdu:Ø³Ú©Ø±, Sindhi: Ø³Ú©Ú¾Ø±) is the third largest city of Sindh province, situated on the west bank of Indus River (Pakistan) in Sukkur District. ... ShahdadKot it is small city in sindh, it was part of Larkana District but in 2005 government announced as District, now it self it is District inclduing Kamber city and Kuba Saeed Khan as major citiez. ... Sehwan is located in Sindh province of Pakistan. ... Mirpurkhas District is one of the districts in the province of Sindh, Pakistan. ... Larkano is the fourth largest city located in the Northwest of Sindh Province, Pakistan. ... Nawabshah Mudjamrao Road Nawabshah (Urdu: Ù†ÙˆØ§Ø¨Ø´Ø§Û) city (established in 1912) is located in the centre of Sindh,Along With Left Bank Of River Indus Near Sakrand Tehsel, Pakistan, and is therefore often known as the Heart of Sindh. ... Shikarpur is a town of in Sindh province of Pakistan, capital of a district of the same name. ... Nawabshah Mudjamrao Road Nawabshah (Urdu: Ù†ÙˆØ§Ø¨Ø´Ø§Û) city (established in 1912) is located in the centre of Sindh,Along With Left Bank Of River Indus Near Sakrand Tehsel, Pakistan, and is therefore often known as the Heart of Sindh. ... Kashmore District (Urdu: Ú©Ø´Ù…ÙˆØ± ) is a located in the Sindh province of Pakistan. ... Dadu District (Urdu: Ø¯Ø§Ø¯Ùˆ ) is located in Sindh, Pakistan. ... Tharparkar (Urdu: ØªÚ¾Ø±Ù¾Ø§Ø±Ú©Ø±) is a town located in the Tharparkar District, which is one of 22 districts located in the Sindh province in Pakistan. ... Jacobabad is a city in the Sindh province of Pakistan, crossed by the Pakistan Western Railway and many main roads of the province. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Ranipur is a town and a nagar panchayat in Jhansi district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. ... Moro may refer to: Moro Islamic Liberation Front Moro reflex Moors The term Moro (pl. ...

Climate

A subtropical region, Sindh is hot in the summer and cold in winter. Temperatures frequently rise above 46 °C (115 °F) between May and August, and the minimum average temperature of 2 °C (36 °F) occurs during December and January. The annual rainfall averages about seven inches, falling mainly during July and August. The Southwest Monsoon wind begins to blow in mid-February and continues until the end of September, whereas the cool northerly wind blows during the winter months from October to January. Image File history File linksMetadata Karachi_port_and_harbour_aerial. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Karachi_port_and_harbour_aerial. ... (Sindhi: , Urdu: ) is the largest city in Pakistan and is the provincial capital of Sindh province. ... For other uses, see Celsius (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Fahrenheit (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Celsius (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Fahrenheit (disambiguation). ...

Sindh lies between the two monsoons - the southwest monsoon from the Indian Ocean and the northeast or retreating monsoon, deflected towards it by Himalayan mountains — and escapes the influence of both. The average rainfall in Sindh is only 15 to 18 cm per year, but the loss during the two seasons is compensated by the Indus, in the form of inundation, caused twice a year by the spring and summer melting of Himalayan snow and by rainfall in the monsoon season. These natural patterns have changed somewhat with the construction of dams and barrages on the Indus. A monsoon is a periodic wind, especially in the Indian Ocean and southern Asia. ... For the movie Himalaya, see Himalaya (film). ...

Climatically, Sindh is divided in three sections - Siro (upper section centred on Jacobabad), Wicholo (middle section centred on Hyderabad), and Lar (lower section centred on Karachi). In upper Sindh,^[4] the thermal equator passes through Sindh. The highest temperature ever recorded was 53 °C (127 °F) in 1919. The air is generally very dry. In winter frost is common. Upper Sindh In upper Sindh, this is the most important town. ... For other uses, see Celsius (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Fahrenheit (disambiguation). ...

In central Sindh, average monsoon wind speed is 18 km/hour in June. The temperature is lower than upper Sindh but higher than lower Sindh. Dry hot days and cool nights are summer characteristics. Maximum temperature reaches 43-44°C (110-112°F). Lower Sindh has a damper and humid maritime climate affected by the south-western winds in summer and north-eastern winds in winter and with lower rainfall than central Sindh. The maximum temperature reaches about 35-38°C (95-100°F). In the Kirthar range at 1,800 m7 and higher on the Gorakh Hill and other peaks in Dadu District, temperatures near freezing have been recorded and brief snow fall is received in winters. In meteorology, precipitation is any kind of water that falls from the sky as part of the weather. ... Gorakh Hill Top(By Rakaposhi Hiking Club Nawabshah Gorakh Hill is a Hill Station of Sindh, Pakistan on the elevation of 6000 Ft. ... Dadu District (Urdu: Ø¯Ø§Ø¯Ùˆ ) is located in Sindh, Pakistan. ... For other uses, see Snow (disambiguation). ...

Demographics and society

The 1998 Census of Pakistan indicated a population 30.4 million, the current population can be estimated to be in the range of 42 to 44 million using a compound growth in the range of 2% to 2.8% since then. With just under half being urban dwellers, mainly found in Karachi, Hyderabad, Sukkur, Mirpurkhas, Ubauro and Larkana. Sindhi is the sole official language of Sindh since the 19th century. The British required all officers posted to Sindh to become fluent in Sindhi upon posting to Sindh. In 1972, the first elected Sindh assembly since the dissolution of the province restored this status but successive governments have failed to implement the law and many officials in the Sindh government cannot speak, read or write the language. Large sections of the population speak Sindhi and Urdu languages with other languages spoken including Siraiki, Kutchi (both dialects of Sindhi), Balochi, Brahui, Punjabi, Pashto, Rajasthani, Persian/Dari, Khowar and Gujarati. The urban areas of Sindh are dominated by Muhajir Urdu as well as by migrant workers from peripheral provinces; and the rural areas consisting of predominantly Sindhi people. Due to this ethnic composition, Sindh has become a highly polarized province. It is estimated that Urdu speaking Muhajirs make up 15% and native Sindhis make up only 60% of the total population of Sindh, and Balochis, Pashtuns and Panjabis a significant part of the rest. The chief tribes of Sindh are Jats and Rajputs, while Balochis and Urdu-speaking Muhajirs are more recent immigrants. Both Balochi Sindhi and natives speak Sindhi language as their mother tongue. By language, Sindhi speakers make up 50% and Urdu speakers make up 13%, while 20% of the total population of Sindh speaks Pashto, Panjabi, Balochi, Seraiki, Thari, Persian, Kutchi, Gujarati, and Bengali. The Punjabis and Pashtuns form the third and fourth biggest community in Sindh after the Sindhis and the Muhajirs. Sindhis (à¤¸à¤¿à¤¨à¥à¤§à¥€, Ø³Ù†ÚŒÙŠ) are an Indo-Aryan language speaking socio-ethnic group of people originating in Sindh which is part of present day Pakistan. ... (Sindhi: , Urdu: ) is the largest city in Pakistan and is the provincial capital of Sindh province. ... Hyderabad or HaidarÄbÄd (Urdu/Sindhi: ØÙŠØ¯Ø± Ø¢Ø¨Ø§Ø¯) is located in the Sindh province of Pakistan (formerly known as Neroon Kot Ù†ÙŠØ±ÙÙˆÙ† ÚªÙˆÙ½). Formerly the capital of Sindh and known as the city of perfumes, it is now a regional headquarter of the district of Hyderabad. ... Sukkur (Urdu:Ø³Ú©Ø±, Sindhi: Ø³Ú©Ú¾Ø±) is the third largest city of Sindh province, situated on the west bank of Indus River (Pakistan) in Sukkur District. ... Area map of Sindh showing the location of Mirpurkhas Mirpurkhas (Ù…ÛŒØ±Ù¾ÙˆØ± Ø®Ø§Øµ) with a population of 124,371 (1981), is a south eastern Pakistani city, fourth largest in the Sindh Province. ... Larkana or Larkano (Urdu: Ù„Ø§Ú‘Ú©Ø§Ù†Û, Sindhi: Ù„Ø§Ú™ÚªØ§Ú»Ùˆ) is the fourth largest city located in the Northwest of Sindh Province, Pakistan, located in Larkana District. ... SindhÄ« (Ø³Ù†ÚŒÙŠ, à¤¸à¤¿à¤¨à¥à¤§à¥€) is the language of the Sindh region of South Asia, which is now a province of Pakistan. ... Urdu ( , , trans. ... Saraiki is an old language spoken in central Pakistan. ... The Kutchi language originates from Kutch, India. ... Balochi may refer to: Baloch people Balochi language This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... The Brahui (Ø¨Ø±ÙˆÛÛŒ) or Bravi (Ø¨Ø±Ø§ÙˆÙ) language, spoken by the Brahui, is mainly spoken in Balochistan, Pakistan, although it is also spoken in Afghanistan and Iran. ... Punjabi (also Panjabi; in GurmukhÄ«, PanjÄbÄ« in ShÄhmukhÄ«) is the language of the Punjab regions of India and Pakistan. ... Pashto (پښتو; also known as Afghan, Pushto, Pashto, Pashtoe, Pashtu, and Pukhto) is the language spoken by the ethnic Afghan otherwise known as the Pashtun people who inhabit Afghanistan and the Western provinces of Pakistan. ... Rajasthani (à¤°à¤¾à¤œà¤¸à¥à¤¥à¤¾à¤¨à¥€) is a language of the Indo-Aryan languages family. ... Farsi redirects here. ... Dari is a term used to denote one of several closely related Persian dialects spoken in what used to be Greater Khorasan: The official name for the Persian language in Afghanistan; see Dari (Afghanistan) One name used by Zoroastrians (the others being Gabri and Yazdi) to refer to the Northwestern... Khowar is classified as a Dardic language. ... Gujarati (àª—à«àªœàª°àª¾àª¤à«€ GujÇŽrÄtÄ«; also known as Gujerati, Gujarathi, Guzratee, and Guujaratee[3]) is an Indo-Aryan language descending from Sanskrit, and part of the greater Indo-European language family. ... The city of San Luis Obispo, an example of an urban area. ... See Muhajir page for all Muhajir groups in the world Muhajir or Mohajir (Urdu: Ù…ÛØ§Ø¬Ø±) is a term widely used to describe the Muslims who migrated to Pakistan after the independence of Pakistan from India. ... Sign in a rural area in Dalarna, Sweden Qichun, a rural town in Hubei province, China Rural areas (also referred to as the country, countryside) are settled places outside towns and cities. ... Sindhis (à¤¸à¤¿à¤¨à¥à¤§à¥€, Ø³Ù†ÚŒÙŠ) are an Indo-Aryan language speaking socio-ethnic group of people originating in Sindh which is part of present day Pakistan. ... The Baloch (Persian: Ø¨Ù„ÙˆÚ† alternative transliterations Baluch, Balouch, Balooch, Balush, Balosh, Baloosh, Baloush et al. ... The Pashtuns (also Pushtun, Pakhtun, or ethnic Afghan; in referring to the period of the British Raj or earlier, sometimes Pathan) are an ethnic/religious group of people, living primarily in Afghanistan, Pakistan, and India who follow Pashtunwali, their indigenous religion. ... Punjabi (sometimes spelled Panjabi) is the language of the Punjab regions of India and Pakistan. ... The neutrality of this article is disputed. ...

Sindh's population is predominantly Muslim, but Sindh is also home to nearly all of Pakistan's Hindus, numbering roughly 1.8 million. However, most Sindhi Hindus migrated to India at the time of the Partition. Smaller groups of Christians, Parsis or Zoroastrians, Ahmadis, and a tiny Jewish community (of around 500) can also be found in the province. There is also a collection of Hadith called Sahih Muslim A Muslim (Arabic: Ù…Ø³Ù„Ù…, Persian: Mosalman or Mosalmon Urdu: Ù…Ø³Ù„Ù…Ø§Ù†, Turkish: MÃ¼slÃ¼man, Albanian: Mysliman, Bosnian: Musliman) is an adherent of the religion of Islam. ... This article is about the Hindu religion; for other meanings of the word, see Hindu (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Christian (disambiguation). ... This article is about the Parsi community. ... Zoroastrianism was adapted from an earlier, polytheistic faith by Zarathushtra (Zoroaster) in Persia very roughly around 1000 BC (although, in the absence of written records, some scholars estimates are as late as 600 BC). ... This article is about the Ahmadiyya branch of Islam founded by Mirza Ghulam Ahmad. ... The word Jew ( Hebrew: יהודי) is used in a wide number of ways, but generally refers to a follower of the Jewish faith, a child of a Jewish mother, or someone of Jewish descent with a connection to Jewish culture or ethnicity and often a combination of these attributes. ...

The Sindhis as a whole are composed of original descendants of an ancient population known as Sammaat, various sub-groups related to the Siraiki or Baloch origin are found in interior Sindh. Sindhis of Balochi origin make up about 30% of the total population of Sindh, while immigrant Urdu speaking Muhajirs make up 15% of the total population of the province. Also found in the province is a small group claiming descent from early Muslim settlers including Arabs, Turks, Jews, Afghans and Persians. Most of the urban population of Sindh including Karachi and Hyderabad are descendants of people who migrated to Pakistan in 1947.^{[citation needed]} and are called Muhajirs or Urdu-speaking people. Sammaat are Rajput by race, and they are the long dwellers of the region. ... Saraiki is an old language spoken in central Pakistan. ... The Baloch (Persian: Ø¨Ù„ÙˆÚ† alternative transliterations Baluch, Balouch, Balooch, Balush, Balosh, Baloosh, Baloush et al. ... Languages Arabic other minority languages Religions Predominantly Sunni Islam, as well as Shia Islam, Greek Orthodoxy, Greek Catholicism, Roman Catholicism, Alawite Islam, Druzism, Ibadi Islam, and Judaism Footnotes a Mainly in Antakya. ... Languages Historical Jewish languages Hebrew, Yiddish, Ladino, others Liturgical languages: Hebrew and Aramaic Predominant spoken languages: The vernacular language of the home nation in the Diaspora, significantly including English, Hebrew, Yiddish, and Russian Religions Judaism Related ethnic groups Arabs and other Semitic groups For the Jewish religion, see Judaism. ... Ethnic groups of Afghanistan (1980 map) 42% Pashtun 27% Tajik 9% Hazara 9% Uzbek 3% Turkmen 2% Baloch Languages of Afghanistan (1980 map) 50% Dari dialect of Persian 35% Pashto 8% Uzbek 3% Turkmen 2% Baloch The Demographics of Afghanistan are ethnically and linguistically mixed. ... The Persians of Iran (officially named Persia by West until 1935 while still referred to as Persia by some) are an Iranian people who speak Persian (locally named FÃ¢rsi by native speakers) and often refer to themselves as ethnic Iranians as well. ...

History

In ancient times, the territory of the modern Sindh province was sometimes known as Sovira (or Souveera) and also as Sindhudesh, Sindhu being the original name for Indus River and the suffix 'desh' roughly corresponding to country or territory. Sindh (Sind) (Sindhi: Ø³Ù†ÚŒ ,Urdu: Ø³Ù†Ø¯Ú¾, Hindi: à¤¸à¤¿à¤¨à¥à¤§) is one of the provinces of Pakistan. ... Image File history File links This work is copyrighted. ... Image File history File links This work is copyrighted. ... â€¹ The template below (Citations missing) is being considered for deletion. ...

The first known village settlements date as far back as 7000 BCE. Permanent settlements at Mehrgarh to the west expanded into Sindh. This culture blossomed over several millennia and gave rise to the Indus Valley Civilization around 3000 BCE. Mehrgarh was an ancient settlement in South Asia and is one of the most important sites in archaeology for the study of the earliest neolithic settlements in that region. ... Excavated ruins of Mohenjo-daro. ...

The Indus Valley Civilization rivalled the contemporary civilizations of Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia in both size and scope numbering nearly half a million inhabitants at its height with well-planned grid cities and sewer systems. It is known that the Indus Valley Civilization traded with ancient Mesopotamia and Ancient Egypt via established shipping lanes. In ancient Egypt, the word for cotton was Sindh denoting that the bulk of that civilizations cotton was predominantly imported from the Indus Valley Civilization. The pyramids are the most recognizable symbols of the civilization of ancient Egypt. ... Mesopotamia was a cradle of civilization geographically located between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, largely corresponding to modern-day Iraq. ...

A branch of the Indo-Iranian tribes, called the Indo-Aryans are believed to have founded the Vedic Civilization that existed between Sarasvati River and Ganges River around 1500 BCE and also influenced Indus Valley Civilization. This civilization helped shape subsequent cultures in South Asia. Map of the Sintashta-Petrovka culture (red), its expansion into the Andronovo culture during the 2nd millennium BC, showing the overlap with the BMAC in the south. ... The Indo-Aryans are a wide collection of peoples united by their common status as speakers of the Indo-Aryan (Indic/Indian) branch of the family of Indo-European and Indo-Iranian languages. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... The Sarasvati River is an ancient river that is mentioned in Hindu texts. ... This article is about the river. ... Map of South Asia (see note on Kashmir). ...

Sindh was conquered by the Persian Achaemenid Empire in the 6th century BCE, and became part of the Persian satrapy (province) of Hindush centred in the Punjab to the north. Persian speech had a tendency to replace 'S' with an 'H' resulting in 'Sindu' being pronounced and written as 'Hindu'. They introduced the Kharoshti script and links to the west in the region. Persia redirects here. ... Founder of empires: Cyrus, The Great is still revered in modern Iran as he was in all the successor Persian Empires. ... Look up satrap in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... This article is about the geographical region. ... The Kharoṣṭhī script, also known as the Gāndhārī script, is an ancient alphabetic script used by the Gandhara culture of historic northwest India to write the Gandhari and Sanskrit languages (the Gandhara kingdom was located along the present-day border between Afghanistan and Pakistan between the Indus River and the...

Subsequently conquered by Greeks led by Alexander the Great, the region came under loose Greek control for a few decades. After Alexander's death, there was a brief period of Seleucid rule. Sindh was then conquered by the Mauryans led by Chandragupta in 305 BCE. For the film of the same name, see Alexander the Great (1956 film). ... The Seleucid Empire was one of several political states founded after the death of Alexander the Great, whose generals squabbled over the division of Alexanders empire. ... The Mauryan empire (321 to 185 BCE), at its largest extent around 230 BCE. The Lion Capital of Asoka, erected around 250 BCE. It is the emblem of India. ... This article deals with the fourth century BC founder of the Maurya dynasty. ...

Later, during the reign of the Buddhist king Ashoka the region would solidly become a Buddhist domain. Following a century of Mauryan rule which ended by 232 BCE, the region came under the Greco-Bactrians based in what is today Afghanistan. These rulers also converted to Buddhism and spread it in the region. A replica of an ancient statue found among the ruins of a temple at Sarnath Buddhism is a philosophy based on the teachings of the Buddha, SiddhÄrtha Gautama, a prince of the Shakyas, whose lifetime is traditionally given as 566 to 486 BCE. It had subsequently been accepted by... Allegiance: Magadhan Empire Rank: Emperor Succeeded by: Dasaratha Maurya Reign: 273 BC-232 BC Place of birth: Pataliputra, India Battles/Wars Kalinga War Emperor Ashoka the Great (Devanagari: à¤…à¤¶à¥‹à¤•(:); IAST transliteration: , pronunciation: ) (304 BCâ€“232 BC) (Imperial Title:Devanampiya Piyadassi ie He who is the beloved of the Gods who, in... Approximate extent of the Greco-Bactrian kingdom circa 220 BCE. The Greco-Bactrians were a dynasty of Greek kings who controlled Bactria and Sogdiana, an area comprising todays northern Afghanistan and parts of Central Asia, the easternmost area of the Hellenistic world, from 250 to 125 BCE. Their expansion...

The Scythians shattered the Greco-Bactrians fledgling empire. Subsequently, the Tocharian Kushan Empire annexed Sindh by the 1st century CE. Though the Kushans were Zoroastrian, they were tolerant of the local Buddhist tradition and sponsored many building projects for local beliefs. Tocharian refers to an Indo-European culture that inhabited the Tarim basin in what is now Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, northwestern Peoples Republic of China. ... Boundary of the Kushan empire, c. ... Zoroastrianism was adapted from an earlier, polytheistic faith by Zarathushtra (Zoroaster) in Persia very roughly around 1000 BC (although, in the absence of written records, some scholars estimates are as late as 600 BC). ...

The Huns and remnants of the Kushans, Scythians, and the Sassanid Persians all exercised some degree of control in Sindh until the coming of the Muslim Arabs in 711 CE. For other uses, see Hun (disambiguation). ... The Sassanid Empire or Sassanian Dynasty (Persian: []) is the name used for the third Iranian dynasty and the second Persian Empire (226â€“651). ... There is also a collection of Hadith called Sahih Muslim A Muslim (Arabic: Ù…Ø³Ù„Ù…, Persian: Mosalman or Mosalmon Urdu: Ù…Ø³Ù„Ù…Ø§Ù†, Turkish: MÃ¼slÃ¼man, Albanian: Mysliman, Bosnian: Musliman) is an adherent of the religion of Islam. ... Languages Arabic other minority languages Religions Predominantly Sunni Islam, as well as Shia Islam, Greek Orthodoxy, Greek Catholicism, Roman Catholicism, Alawite Islam, Druzism, Ibadi Islam, and Judaism Footnotes a Mainly in Antakya. ...

During the reign of Rashidun Caliph Umar, an expedition was sent to conquer Makran. This was first time when Muslim armies had entered Sindh. The Islamic army defeated the Hindu king of Sindh Raja Rasil on the western bank of river Indus. The armies of Raja accordingly retreated to interior Sindh. Caliph Umar, on getting the information about the miserable conditions of Sindh stopped his armies from crossing the river Indus and, instead, ordered them to consolidate their position in Makran and Baluchistan. Caliph Umar's successor Uthman also sent his agent to investigate the matters of Sindh. Upon getting the same information of unfavourable geographical conditions and the miserable lives of the people, he forbade his armies from entering Sindh. During the Rashidun Caliphate only the south western part of Sindh around the western bank of river Indus, and some northern parts near the frontiers of Baluchistan remained under the rule of the Islamic empire.^[5] It was finally Conquered by Syrian Arabs, led by Muhammad bin Qasim. Sindh became the easternmost province of the Umayyad Caliphate referred to as Al-Sindh on Arab maps with lands further east known as Hind. Ironically, these resemble the current border between the two nations of Pakistan and India. The defeat of the Brahmin ruler Raja Dahir was made easier by the tension between the Buddhist majority and the ruling Brahmins' fragile base of control. Image File history File links Rohri_Town_Sukkur. ... Image File history File links Rohri_Town_Sukkur. ... Sukkur (Urdu:Ø³Ú©Ø±, Sindhi: Ø³Ú©Ú¾Ø±) is the third largest city of Sindh province, situated on the west bank of Indus River (Pakistan) in Sukkur District. ... The Rightly Guided Caliphs or The Righteous Caliphs ( transliteration: ) is a term used in Sunni Islam to refer to the first four Caliphs. ... For main article see: Caliphate The Caliph (pronounced khaleef in Arabic) is the head of state in a Caliphate, and the title for the leader of the Islamic Ummah, an Islamic community ruled by the Sharia. ... For other uses, see Umar (disambiguation). ... Makran is the southern region of Balochistan, in Iran and Pakistan along the coast of the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Oman. ... There is also a collection of Hadith called Sahih Muslim A Muslim (Arabic: Ù…Ø³Ù„Ù…, Persian: Mosalman or Mosalmon Urdu: Ù…Ø³Ù„Ù…Ø§Ù†, Turkish: MÃ¼slÃ¼man, Albanian: Mysliman, Bosnian: Musliman) is an adherent of the religion of Islam. ... This article discusses the adherents of Hinduism. ... The Indus is a river; the Indus River. ... For other uses, see Umar (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see River (disambiguation). ... The Indus is a river; the Indus River. ... Makran is the southern region of Balochistan, in Iran and Pakistan along the coast of the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Oman. ... Major ethnic groups in Pakistan and surrounding areas, in 1980. ... For main article see: Caliphate The Caliph (pronounced khaleef in Arabic) is the head of state in a Caliphate, and the title for the leader of the Islamic Ummah, an Islamic community ruled by the Sharia. ... For other uses, see Umar (disambiguation). ... Uthman, Othman, Osman, Usman, or Ozman (Arabic: Ø¹Ø«Ù…Ø§Ù†) is a male Arabic given name meaning the chosen one amongst the tribe of brave and noble people, honest, caring, sincere, genuine, and attractive. The following people share this name: Uthman Ibn Affan Osman I Uthman I, a Marinid caliph Usman dan Fodio... The Rightly Guided Caliphs or The Righteous Caliphs ( transliteration: ) is a term used in Sunni Islam to refer to certain of the Caliphs. ... The Indus is a river; the Indus River. ... Major ethnic groups in Pakistan and surrounding areas, in 1980. ... Template:Islamic Empire infobox The Ottoman Empire (1299 - 29 October 1923) (Ottoman Turkish: Devlet-i Aliye-yi Osmaniyye; literally, The Sublime Ottoman State, modern Turkish: OsmanlÄ± Ä°mparatorluÄŸu), is also known in the West as the Turkish Empire. ... Muhammad bin Qasim Al-Thaqafi (Arabic: Ù…ØÙ…Ø¯ Ø¨Ù† Ù‚Ø§Ø³Ù…) (c. ... The Courtyard of the Umayyad Mosque in Damascus, one of the grandest architectural legacies of the Umayyads. ... A caliphate (from the Arabic Ø®Ù„Ø§ÙØ© or khilÄfah), is the Islamic form of government representing the political unity and leadership of the Muslim world. ... The Sanskrit word denotes the scholar/teacher, priest, caste, class (), or tribe, that has been traditionally enjoined to live a life of learning, teaching and non-possessivenes . ... Raja Dahir was the brahmin ruler of Deol State situated in Sindh and parts of Punjab during the beggining of what would come to be known as the Islamic conquest of South Asia under the banner of Muhammad bin Qasim for the Umayyad Caliphate. ...

The Arabs redefined the region and adopted the term budd to refer to the numerous Buddhist idols they encountered, a word that remains in use today. The city of Mansura was established as a regional misr or capital. Arab rule lasted for nearly three centuries, and a fusion of cultures produced much of what is today modern Sindhi society. Arab geographers, historians and travelers also sometimes used the name "Sindh" for the entire area from the Arabian Sea to the Hindu Kush. The meaning of the word Sindhu being water (or ocean) appears to refer to the Indus river. Mansura (Arabic: Ù…Ù†ØµÙˆØ±Û) was the capital of the Arab empire in Pakistan. ... The Hindu Kush or Hindukush (هندوکش in Persian) is a mountain range in Afghanistan as well as in the Northern Areas of Pakistan. ... â€¹ The template below (Citations missing) is being considered for deletion. ...

In addition, there is a mythological belief among Muslims that four rivers had sprung from Heaven: Neel (Nile), Furat (Euphrates), Jehoon (Jaxartes) and Sehoon (Sindh or in modern times the Indus).^{[citation needed]} For other uses, see Nile (disambiguation). ... For the song River Euphrates by the Pixies, see Surfer Rosa. ... Syr Darya (also known as Syrdarya or Sirdaryo) is a river in Central Asia. ...

Arab rule ended with the ascension of the Soomro dynasty, who were local Sindhi Muslims, and who controlled the province directly and as vassals from 1058 to 1249. Turkic invaders conquered the area by 977 CE and the region loosely became part of the Ghaznavid Empire and then the Delhi Sultanate which lasted until 1524. For other uses, see Arab (disambiguation). ... Soomro or Soomra (Urdu: Ø³ÙˆÙ…Ø±Ùˆ ) is the name of a Sindhi tribe in Sindh, Pakistan. ... This article is about the various peoples speaking one of the Turkic languages. ... The Ghaznavid Empire (Ø³Ù„Ø³Ù„Ù‡ ØºØ²Ù†ÙˆÛŒØ§Ù† in Persian) was a state in the region of todays Afghanistan that existed from 962 to 1187. ... The Delhi Sultanate (Ø¯Ù„ÛŒ Ø³Ù„Ø·Ù†Øª), or Sulthanath-e-Hind (Ø³Ù„Ø·Ù†ØªÙ ÛÙ†Ø¯) / Sulthanath-e-Dilli (Ø³Ù„Ø·Ù†ØªÙ Ø¯Ù„ÛŒ) refers to the various Muslim dynasties that ruled in India from 1210 to 1526. ...

The Mughals seized the region and their rule lasted for another two centuries, while another local Sindhi Muslim group, the Samma, challenged Mughal rule from their base at Thatta. The Muslim Sufi played a pivotal role in converting the millions of native people to Islam. The Mughal Empire (alternative spelling Mogul, which is the origin of the word Mogul) of India was founded by Babur in 1526, when he defeated Ibrahim Lodi, the last of the Delhi Sultans at the First Battle of Panipat. ... Samma dynasty ruled in Sindh and parts of Punjab and Balochistan from 1351-1551 A.D. The Samma dynasty declined and was replaced by Arghun Dynasty. ... Thatta or Thatto (Urdu: Ù¹Ú¾Ù¹Û, Sindhi:ÙºÙ½Ùˆ) is a historic town of 22,000 inhabitants in the Sindh province of Pakistan, near Lake Keenjhar, the largest freshwater lake in the country. ... Sufism (Arabic تصوف taṣawwuf) is a system of esoteric philosophy commonly associated with Islam. ... For people named Islam, see Islam (name). ...

Though part of larger empires, Sindh continued to enjoy a certain autonomy as a loyal Muslim domain and came under the rule of the Arghun Dynasty and the Tarkhan Dynasty from 1519 to 1625. Arghun Dynasty was established in Sindh by Shah Beg a descendent of Genghiz Khan. ... Tarkhan Dynasty or Turkhan (Urdu: Ø³Ù„Ø³Ù„Ù‡ ØªØ±Ø®Ø§Ù† ) was established by Turkic Tarkhan and they ruled Sindh, Pakistan, from 1554 to 1591 AD. General Mirza Isa Beg founded the Tarkhan Dynasty in Sindh after the death of Shah Hassan Arghun of the Arghun Dynasty. ...

Sindh became a vassal-state of the Afghan Durrani Empire by 1747. It was then ruled by Kalhora rulers and later the Balochi Talpurs^[6] from 1783. The Durrani Empire was a larger state that included modern Afghanistan, Pakistan, parts of eastern Iran and western India. ... Kalhora dynasty ruled Sindh province of Pakistan from 1701 to 1783 AD. Kalhoras ruled Sindh for 85 years and there were twelve Kalhora rulers during this time. ... Balochi may refer to: Baloch people Balochi language This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ...

British forces under General Charles Napier arrived in Sindh in the 19th century and conquered it in 1843. It is said that he sent back to the Governor General a one-word message, "Peccavi" – Latin for "I have sinned". In actual fact, this pun first appeared as a cartoon in Punch magazine. The first Aga Khan helped the British in the conquest of Sindh and was granted a pension as a result.^{[citation needed]}. General Sir Charles James Napier General Sir Charles James Napier GCB (August 10, 1782 â€“ August 29, 1853) was a British general and Commander-in-Chief in India. ... For other uses, see Latins and Latin (disambiguation). ... Punch was a British weekly magazine of humour and satire published from 1841 to 1992 and from 1996 to 2002. ... Aga Khan I (Arabic: â€Ž) (1800 1881) was the title accorded by general consent to Hasan Ali Shah (born in Persia, 1800), when, in early life, he first settled in Bombay under the protection of the British government. ...

After 1853, Sindh was divided into provinces, each being assigned a Zamindar or 'Wadara' to collect taxes for the British (a system already used under the Mughals). In a highly controversial move, Sindh was later made part of British India's Bombay Presidency much to the surprise of the local population who found the decision illogical. Shortly afterwards, the decision was reversed and Sindh became a separate province in 1935. The British ruled the area for a century and Sindh was home to many prominent Muslim leaders including Muhammad Ali Jinnah who agitated for greater Muslim autonomy. Zamindar, also known as Zemindar, Zamindari, or the Zamindari System (Persian: Ø²Ù…ÛŒÙ†Ø¯Ø§Ø±) were employed by the Mughals to collect taxes from peasants. ... The Mughal Empire (alternative spelling Mogul, which is the origin of the word Mogul) of India was founded by Babur in 1526, when he defeated Ibrahim Lodi, the last of the Delhi Sultans at the First Battle of Panipat. ... Anthem God Save The Queen/King British India, circa 1860 Capital Calcutta (1858-1912), New Delhi (1912-1947) Language(s) Hindi, Urdu, English and many others Government Monarchy Emperor of India - 1877-1901 Victoria - 1901-1910 Edward VII - 1910-1936 George V - January-December 1936 Edward VIII - 1936-1947 George... Bombay Presidency was a former province of British India. ... Muhammad Ali Jinnah (Urdu: ) (December 25, 1876 â€“ September 11, 1948) was a Muslim politician and leader of the All India Muslim League who founded Pakistan and served as its first Governor-General. ...

In 1947, when the British left, Pakistan was created from the partitioning of British India. All of Sindh was allotted to Pakistan. In 1947, 25 per cent of the population of Sindh was Hindu Sindhi. Most of the Hindu Sindhis were city dwellers and were largely occupied with trade and commerce. They were responsible for the export of products made in Sindh and contributed significantly to the economy of Sindh. When the partition of British India occurred the Sindhi Hindus expected to remain in Sindh. Generally, there were good relation between Hindu Sindhis and Muslims Sindhis. When large waves of Mohajirs started to pour into Sindh, violence erupted on the streets, mirroring the violence occuring in India by Hindu refugees. The Hindu Sindhis fled Sindh, leaving everything behind. Popati Hirandani who was a Sindhi Hindu tells in her autobiography that the Police were merely onlookers when violence erupted and they did not protect the Hindus' community.^[7] Many Hindu Sindhis wanted to return to their native Sindh when the violence settled down, but this was not possible as the border between India and Pakistan was sealed. Property belonging to the Hindus was appropriated by the Mohajirs in the same manner that their properties in India were given to Hindu refugees. Hindu Sindhis are scattered throughout the world and many feel like a stateless people and still regard Sindh as their homeland, Sindhis in India have resisted attempts to have the word Sindh removed from the Indian national anthem, though Sindh lies entirely within Pakistan.^[8] It should be noted, that many Sindhi Hindus still reside in the province of Sindh and relations have considerably improved. Muhajir is an Arabic word, widely used in the Muslim world that refers to someone who has emigrated from one place to another. ...

In later years, Sindh has been the destination of a continuous stream of illegal immigration from South Asian countries, Burma, and Afghanistan, including Bengali, Pashtun and Punjabi immigrants to Karachi. Many native Sindhis resent this influx. Nonetheless, traditional Sindhi families remain prominent in Pakistani politics, especially the Bhutto and Soomro dynasties. This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... The Pashtuns (also Pushtun, Pakhtun, ethnic Afghan, or Pathan) are an ethno-linguistic group consisting mainly of eastern Iranian stock living primarily in eastern and southern Afghanistan, and the North West Frontier Province, Federally Administered Tribal Areas and Baluchistan provinces of Pakistan. ... Punjabi (also Panjabi; in GurmukhÄ«, PanjÄbÄ« in ShÄhmukhÄ«) is the language of the Punjab regions of India and Pakistan. ... (Sindhi: , Urdu: ) is the largest city in Pakistan and is the provincial capital of Sindh province. ... Bhutto may refer to: Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto (Also spelled Bhuto) was former Pakistani Prime Minister, deposed by General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq in 1970s. ... Soomro or Soomra (Urdu: Ø³ÙˆÙ…Ø±Ùˆ ) is the name of a Sindhi tribe in Sindh, Pakistan. ...

In recent years native Sindhi dissatisfaction has grown over issues such as illegal immigration, control of the natural resources of gas, petrol and coal, the construction of large dams, perceived discrimination in military/government jobs, provincial autonomy, and admission to educational institutes. Many Sindhis also resent the success of newcomers, such as entreprenurial Mohajirs, and industrialist Punjabis. They may also resent the overwhelming dominance of Pashtuns in security and Karachi's public transportation.

Pakistan Resolution in the Sindh Assembly

The Sindh assembly was the first Indian legislature to pass the resolution in favour of Pakistan. G. M. Syed, an influential Sindhi activist, revolutionary and Sufi and one of the important leaders to the forefront of the provincial autonomy movement joined the Muslim League in 1938 and presented the Pakistan resolution in the Sindh Assembly. G. M. Syed can rightly be considered as the founder of Sindhi nationalism. G. M. Syed (January 17, 1904 â€” April 25, 1995) (Sindhi: Ø¬ÛŒÛ” Ø§ÛŒÙ…Û” Ø³ÛŒØ¯) (abbreviation of Ghulam Murtaza Shah Syed; Arabic script: ØºÙ„Ø§Ù… Ù…Ø±ØªØ¶ÛŒ Ø´Ø§Û Ø³ÛŒØ¯) was a Sindhi activist, revolutionary and sufi. ...

Government

The Provincial Assembly of Sindh is unicameral and consists of 168 seats of which 5% are reserved for non-Muslims and 17% for women. Government of Sindh is based in Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. ...

Districts

There are 23 districts in Sindh, Pakistan. Image File history File links Mazar_-eQuaid_Karachi_. ... Image File history File links Mazar_-eQuaid_Karachi_. ... Mazar-e-Quaid - the icon of Karachi Mazar-e-Quaid is referred to mausoleum of the founder of Pakistan, Muhammad Ali Jinnah. ... Image File history File links Flage_house_Karachi. ... Image File history File links Flage_house_Karachi. ... Anthem God Save The King-Emperor The British Indian Empire, 1909 Capital Calcutta (1858 - 1912) New Delhi (1912 - 1947) Language(s) Hindustani, English and many others Government Monarchy Emperor of India - 1858-1901 VictoriaÂ¹ - 1901-1910 Edward VII - 1910-1936 George V - 1936 Edward VIII - 1936-1947 George VI Viceroy... The Districts of Pakistan form the third tier of government in Pakistan, ranking as subdivisions of the provinces of Pakistan. ...

Karachi district is the most populous of the Districts of Pakistan. ... Larkana or Larkano (Urdu: Ù„Ø§Ú‘Ú©Ø§Ù†Û ) is a district of Sindh province of Pakistan. ... Jacobabad District is one of the districts in the province of Sindh, Pakistan. ... Shikarpur district (Urdu: Ø´ÚªØ§Ø±Ù¾ÙˆØ± ) is a district in Sindh province in Pakistan with capital Shikarpur. ... Qambar District or Kamber District is one of the districts in the province of Sindh, Pakistan. ... Sukkur district (talqa) in Sindh Province in Pakistan is divided into 4 administrative strata (tehsils), namely; Sukkur City, Rohri, Saleh Pat and Pano Akil. ... Ghotki District (Urdu: Ú¯Ú¾ÙˆÙ¹Ú©ÛŒ ) is one of the districts in the province of Sindh, Pakistan. ... Kashmore District (Urdu: Ú©Ø´Ù…ÙˆØ± ) is a located in the Sindh province of Pakistan. ... The Khairpur district (Urdu: Ø®ÛŒØ± Ù¾ÙˆØ± ) is a district in the Sindh province of Pakistan. ... Naushahro Feroze District is one of the districts in the province of Sindh, Pakistan. ... Dadu District (Urdu: Ø¯Ø§Ø¯Ùˆ ) is located in Sindh, Pakistan. ... Nawabshah District is one of the districts in the province of Sindh, Pakistan. ... Jamshoro District (Sindhi: Ú„Ø§Ù… Ø´ÙˆØ±Ùˆ )(Urdu: Ø¬Ø§Ù…Ø´ÙˆØ±Ùˆ ) is one of the districts in the province of Sindh, Pakistan. ... This article or section needs copy editing for grammar, style, cohesion, tone and/or spelling. ... Matiari District (Urdu: Ù…Ù¹ÛŒØ§Ø±ÛŒ ) is located in Sindh, Pakistan. ... Hyderabad (ØÛŒØ¯Ø± Ø¢Ø¨Ø§Ø¯), sometimes called the city of breezes is the 4th largest city in the country of Pakistan. ... Tando Muhammad Khan is one of the districts in the province of Sindh, Pakistan. ... Tando Allah Yar (Urdu: Ù¹Ù†ÚˆÙˆ Ø§Ù„Ù„Û ÛŒØ§Ø± ) is located in Sindh, Pakistan. ... Badin District is one of the districts in the province of Sindh, Pakistan. ... Thatta district (Urdu: Ø¶Ù„Ø¹ Ù¹Ú¾Ù¹Û ) (Sindhi: Ø¶Ù„Ø¹ ÙºÙ½Ùˆ) is located in Sindh, Pakistan. ... Mirpurkhas District is one of the districts in the province of Sindh, Pakistan. ... Umerkot District or Umarkot District is one of the districts in the province of Sindh, Pakistan. ... Tharparkar (Urdu: ØªÚ¾Ø±Ù¾Ø§Ø±Ú©Ø±) district is located in Sindh, Pakistan. ...

Major cities

This page meets Wikipedias criteria for speedy deletion. ... Badin (Urdu: Ø¨Ø¯ÛŒÙ†) is a town located in Sindh, Pakistan. ... Daharki is a small town in Sindh province of Pakistan. ... For the British international monthly publication see Diplo magazine. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Hala (Sindhi: Ù‡Ù€Ø§Ù„Ø§) is a town in the Pakistani province of Sindh . ... Hyderabad or HaidarÄbÄd (Urdu/Sindhi: ØÙŠØ¯Ø± Ø¢Ø¨Ø§Ø¯) is located in the Sindh province of Pakistan (formerly known as Neroon Kot Ù†ÙŠØ±ÙÙˆÙ† ÚªÙˆÙ½). Formerly the capital of Sindh and known as the city of perfumes, it is now a regional headquarter of the district of Hyderabad. ... Jacobabad is a city in the Sindh province of Pakistan, crossed by the Pakistan Western Railway and many main roads of the province. ... Jamshoro is a small city in the province of Sindh, Pakistan. ... (Sindhi: , Urdu: ) is the largest city in Pakistan and is the provincial capital of Sindh province. ... Kashmore (Urdu: Ú©Ø´Ù…ÙˆØ± ) is a city in Kashmore District, Sindh, Pakistan. ... Khairpur (khÄ«rÂ´poor) is a city in the Sindh province in southeast Pakistan. ... Larkana or Larkano (Urdu: Ù„Ø§Ú‘Ú©Ø§Ù†Û, Sindhi: Ù„Ø§Ú™ÚªØ§Ú»Ùˆ) is the fourth largest city located in the Northwest of Sindh Province, Pakistan, located in Larkana District. ... Area map of Sindh showing the location of Mirpurkhas Mirpurkhas (Ù…ÛŒØ±Ù¾ÙˆØ± Ø®Ø§Øµ) with a population of 124,371 (1981), is a south eastern Pakistani city, fourth largest in the Sindh Province. ... Mithi is a town in Tharparkar district of Sindh, Pakistan. ... Nawabshah Mudjamrao Road Nawabshah (Urdu: Ù†ÙˆØ§Ø¨Ø´Ø§Û) city (established in 1912) is located in the centre of Sindh,Along With Left Bank Of River Indus Near Sakrand Tehsel, Pakistan, and is therefore often known as the Heart of Sindh. ... Ratodero is a sub-district city some 30 km away from Larkana in Pakistan. ... Sadiqabad or Sadiq Abad or Sadik Abad or Sadikabad (Urdu: ØµØ§Ø¯Ù‚ Ø¢Ø¨Ø§Ø¯ ) is a city in Punjab, Pakistan. ... Sanghar (Urdu: Ø³Ø§Ù†Ú¯Ú¾Ú‘) is a small town in Sanghar District situated in the province of Sindh in Pakistan. ... Shikarpur or Shakkarpur may refer to: Shikarpur, Pakistan Shikarpur District Shikarpur, India Shakkapur (Delhi), a suburb of Delhi Category: ... ... Sukkur (Urdu:Ø³Ú©Ø±, Sindhi: Ø³Ú©Ú¾Ø±) is the third largest city of Sindh province, situated on the west bank of Indus River (Pakistan) in Sukkur District. ... Tando Jam is a city located in Sindh at about 20 Km away from Hyderabad and 5 Km from Tando Kaiser (world fame mango heaven), Pakistan, between Hyderabad and Mirpur Khas. ... Tando Muhammad Khan (Sindhi: Ù½Ù†ÚŠÙˆ Ù…ØÙ…Ø¯ Ø®Ø§Ù†, Urdu: Ù¹Ù†ÚˆÙˆ Ù…ØÙ…Ø¯ Ø®Ø§Ù†) is a town in Sindh, Pakistan. ... Thatta or Thatto (Urdu: Ù¹Ú¾Ù¹Û, Sindhi:ÙºÙ½Ùˆ) is a historic town of 22,000 inhabitants in the Sindh province of Pakistan, near Lake Keenjhar, the largest freshwater lake in the country. ... Umarkot, Pakistan (25. ...

Economy

Endowed with coastal access, Sindh is the backbone of Pakistan's economy. It generates almost 30% of the total national tax revenue^[9] (26.8% in the last two years). The federal government, however, spends just 23% of the financial divisible pool there. The Sindh government considers the formula of financial resource distribution (the NFC award) to be unjust and solely population-denominated. But the fact remains that most business is done through Karachi - a major sea port and major revenue collection and banking centre. Because Karachi is a business hub, actual Sindh tax revenue is much higher than its official tax revenue. Image File history File links Karachi_downtown. ... Image File history File links Karachi_downtown. ... NFC award i. ...

Sindh is a major centre of economic activity in Pakistan and has a highly diversified economy ranging from heavy industry and finance centred in and around Karachi to a substantial agricultural base along the Indus. Pakistan's rapidly growing information technology sector (IT) is also centred in Karachi and manufacturing includes machine products, cement, plastics, and various other goods. â€¹ The template below (Citations missing) is being considered for deletion. ...

Agriculture is very important in Sindh with cotton, rice, wheat, sugar cane, bananas, and mangoes as the most important crops. Sindh is the richest province in natural resources of gas, petrol, and coal. For other uses, see Cotton (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Rice (disambiguation). ... Species T. aestivum T. boeoticum T. dicoccoides T. dicoccon T. durum T. monococcum T. spelta T. sphaerococcum T. timopheevii References: ITIS 42236 2002-09-22 Wheat Wheat For the indie rock group, see Wheat (band). ... Species Ref: ITIS 42058 as of 2004-05-05 Sugarcane is one of six species of a tall tropical southeast Asian grass (Family Poaceae) having stout fibrous jointed stalks whose sap at one time was the primary source of sugar. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Species About 35 species, including: Mangifera altissima Mangifera applanata Mangifera caesia Mangifera camptosperma Mangifera casturi Mangifera decandra Mangifera foetida Mangifera gedebe Mangifera griffithii Mangifera indica Mangifera kemanga Mangifera laurina Mangifera longipes Mangifera macrocarpa Mangifera mekongensis Mangifera odorata Mangifera pajang Mangifera pentandra Mangifera persiciformis Mangifera quadrifida Mangifera siamensis Mangifera similis Mangifera...

Vegetation

The province is mostly arid with scant vegetation except for the irrigated Indus Valley. The dwarf palm, Acacia Rupestris (kher), and Tecomella undulata (lohirro) trees are typical of the western hill region. In the Indus valley, the Acacia nilotica (babul) (babbur) is the most dominant and occurs in thick forests along the Indus banks. The Azadirachta indica (neem) (nim), Zizyphys vulgaris (bir) (ber), Tamarix orientalis (jujuba lai) and Capparis aphylla (kirir) are among the more common trees. Tecomella undulata is tree species, locally known as Rohida, found in Thar Desert regions of northwest and western India. ... Binomial name Tecomella undulata D.Don Tecomella undulata is tree species, locally known as Rohida, found in Thar Desert regions of northwest and western India. ... Binomial name Acacia nilotica (L.) Willd. ... Baabul is a 2005 Bollywood movie, directed by Ravi Chopra. ... Binomial name Azadirachta indica A. Juss. ...

Mango, date palms, and the more recently introduced banana, guava, orange, and chiku are the typical fruit-bearing trees. The coastal strip and the creeks abound in semi-aquatic and aquatic plants, and the inshore Indus deltaic islands have forests of Avicennia tomentosa (timmer) and Ceriops candolleana (chaunir) trees. Water lilies grow in abundance in the numerous lake and ponds, particularly in the lower Sindh region.

Flora and fauna

Among the wild animals, the Sindh ibex (sareh), wild sheep (urial or gadh) and black bear are found in the western rocky range, where the leopard is now rare. The pirrang (large tiger cat or fishing cat) of the eastern desert region is also disappearing. Deer occur in the lower rocky plains and in the eastern region, as do the striped hyena (charakh),jackal, fox, porcupine, common gray mongoose, and hedgehog. The Sindhi phekari, ped lynx or Caracal cat, is found in some areas. This article is about the big cat. ... Subfamilies and Genera Hyaeninae Crocuta Hyaena Parahyaena Protelinae Proteles Hyenas or HyÃ¦nas are moderately large terrestrial carnivores native to Africa, Arabia, Asia and the Indian subcontinent. ... Species Canis aureus Canis adustus Canis mesomelas A jackal (from Turkish Ã§akal, via Persian shaghal ultimately from Sanskrit sá¹›gÄlaá¸¥ [1][2]) is any of three (sometimes four) small to medium-sized members of the family Canidae, found in Africa, Asia and Southeastern Europe. ... This article is about the animal. ...

Phartho (hog deer) and wild bear occur particularly in the central inundation belt. There are a variety of bats, lizards, and reptiles, including the cobra, lundi (viper), and the mysterious Sindh krait of the Thar region, which is supposed to suck the victim's breath in his sleep. Crocodiles are rare and inhabit only the backwaters of the Indus and the eastern Nara channel. Besides a large variety of marine fish, the plumbeous dolphin, the beaked dolphin, rorqual or blue whale, and a variety of skates frequent the seas along the Sind coast. The pallo (sable fish), though a marine fish, ascends the Indus annually from February to April to spawn.

Education

The Narayan Jagannath High School at Karachi was the first government school established in Sindh. It was opened in October 1855. The province has a high literacy rate compared to other parts of Pakistan, mainly due to the importance of Karachi. The major academic institutions of Sindh include the Aga Khan University, Bahria University, University of Karachi, Sindh University, NED University of Engineering and Technology, Institute of Business Administration (Karachi), Dow University of Health Sciences, National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences (Jamshoro), Mehran University of Engineering and Technology,^[10] Quaid e Awam University of Engineering and Technology Nawabshah,^[11] Isra University Hyderabad, Hamdard University Karachi, Baqai Medical University Karachi, Shah Abdul Latif University Khairpur (SALU), Chandka Medical College, Peoples' Medical College Nawabshah, Sindh Madarastul Islam Karachi, D. J. Sindh Government Science College, and the Indus Valley Institute of Art and Architecture, Shaheed Z. A. Bhutto Institute of Science and Technology Karachi, Sindh Agricultural University Tandojam, Iqra University and the Sir Syed University of Engineering & Technology,Institute of Business Administration (IBA) Sukkur The Narayan Jagannath High School at Karachi was the first government school established in Sindh. ... (Sindhi: , Urdu: ) is the largest city in Pakistan and is the provincial capital of Sindh province. ... The Aga Khan University (AKU) is an elite coeducational university in Pakistan. ... Bahria University (Urdu: Ø¨ØØ±ÛŒÛ ÛŒÙˆÙ†ÛŒÙˆØ±Ø³Ù¹ÛŒ) is a multi-campus university, with its headquarter in Islamabad, Pakistan. ... The University of Karachi (Urdu: Ø¬Ø§Ù…Ø¹Û ÙƒØ±Ø§Ú†Ù‰ ) is located in the city of Karachi, Province of Sindh, Pakistan. ... The University of Sindh is the second-oldest university in Pakistan. ... Nadirshaw Edulji Dinshaw University of Engineering and Technology (NED University) is the largest and oldest engineering institution of Pakistan, located in Karachi, Sindh. ... The Institute of Business Administration, usually referred to by its acronym IBA, is a university in Karachi, Pakistan. ... Dow Medical College is the most respected medical college and one of the oldest education institutions of Pakistan. ... National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences (NUCES or NU) is a University in Pakistan with headquarters at Islamabad and campuses at Karachi, Lahore, Islamabad and Peshawar. ... Mehran University of Engineering and Technology is a degree awarding institution in Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan. ... Indus Valley School of Art and Architecture is a not-for-profit degree awarding institution in Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan The college was established in 1994. ...

This is a chart of the education market of Sindh estimated^[12] by the government in 1998.

There are six Cadet Colleges also. Admission to state run educational institutions in Pakistan is based on the provincial level. The other three provinces have a merit-based intraprovincial admission policy. Sindh is an exception to this general rule, where admissions are allowed on district domiciles of the candidates and their parents. This arrangement discriminates against meritorious students of Sindhi ethnic background, denying them admission to educational institutes and courses of their choice. Currently there is a lot of resentment of this admission policy. Sindhis are demanding intraprovincial merit-based admissions to state run educational institutes, similar to the one existing in other provinces. This will provide equal opportunities to all students of Sindh. Furthermore, the armed forces have also entered the education sector. They are funded by government and operate like private costly education providers.

Arts and crafts

The skill of the Sindhi craftsman continues to exhibit the 5000-year-old artistic tradition. The long span of time, punctuated by fresh and incessant waves of invaders and settlers, provided various exotic modes of arts which, with the passage of time, got naturalized on the soil. The perfected surface decorations of objects of everyday use - clay, metal, wood, stone or fabrics, with the floral and geometrical designs - can be traced back to the Muslim influence.

Though chiefly an agricultural and pastoral province, Sindh has a reputation for 'Ajrak', pottery, leatherwork, carpets, textiles, and silk cloth which, in design and finish, are matchless. The chief articles produced are blankets, coarse cotton cloth (soosi) camel fittings, metalwork, lacquered work, enamel, gold and silver embroidery. Hala is famous for pottery and tiles; Boobak for carpets; Nasirpur, Gambat and Thatta for cotton lungees and Khes. The earthenware of Johi, metal vessels of Shikarpur, relli, embroidery, and leather articles of Tharparkar, and lacquered work of Kandhkot are some of the other popular crafts.

The pre-historic finds from different archaeological sites such as Mohenjo-daro, engravings in various graveyards, and the architectural designs of Makli and other tombs provide ample evidence of the people in their literary and musical traditions. Mohenjo-daro (literally, mound of the dead), like Harappa, was a city of the Indus Valley civilization. ... Makli Hills, Lower Sind The Makli Hills are a low ridge along the river Indus, approximately 80 km north east of Karachi, close to the city of Hyderabad, the former capital of Sind. ...

Modern painting and calligraphy have also developed in recent times and some young trained men have taken up commercial art collections.

Cultural heritage

Sindh has a rich heritage of traditional handicraft that has evolved over the centuries. Perhaps the most professed exposition of Sindhi culture is in the handicrafts of Hala, a town some 30 kilometres from Hyderabad. Hala’s artisans are manufacturing high quality and impressively priced wooden handicrafts, textiles, paintings, handmade paper products, blue pottery, etc. Lacquered wood works known as Jandi, painting on wood, tiles, and pottery known as Kashi, hand woven textiles including Khadi, Susi, and Ajrak are synonymous with Sindhi culture preserved in Hala’s handicraft. Image File history File links Mohenjodaro_Sindh. ... Image File history File links Mohenjodaro_Sindh. ... (31st century BC - 30th century BC - 29th century BC - other centuries) (4th millennium BC - 3rd millennium BC - 2nd millennium BC) Events 2925 - 2776 BC - First Dynasty wars in Egypt 2900 BC - Beginning of the Early Dynastic Period I in Mesopotamia. ... (18th century BC - 17th century BC - 16th century BC - other centuries) (1690s BC - 1680s BC - 1670s BC - 1660s BC - 1650s BC - 1640s BC - 1630s BC - 1620s BC - 1610s BC - 1600s BC - 1590s BC - other decades) (3rd millennium BC - 2nd millennium BC - 1st millennium BC) Events 1700 - 1500 BC -- Hurrian conquests... Hala can refer to The Hala clan of India and Pakistan. ... khadi simply means cotton Khadi is Indian handspun and hand-woven cloth. ... Sushi (鮨 or 鮓 or 寿司) is a Japanese dish consisting of vinegared rice combined with other ingredients such as raw fish, raw or cooked shellfish, or vegetables. ... Ajrak Sindhi Ajruk Ajrak is the name of shawls and tiles in Sind, Pakistan. ...

The artisans of Hala rarely get the justified price of their labour. The middlemen have been exploiting the artisans for decades selling the handicrafts at exorbitant profit margins at tourist hot spots of Karachi Lahore and Islamabad and even abroad. There is a dire need of patronizing the handicraft cluster of Hala, provide the artisans a platform to sell their products in cities and export markets so as to enable them earn handsome amount of their produced goods.

The Small and Medium Enterprises Authority (SMEDA) is planning to set up an organization of artisans to empower the community. SMEDA is also publishing a directory of the artisans so that exporters can directly contact them. Hala is the home of a remarkable variety of traditional crafts and traditional handicrafts that carry with them centuries of skill that has woven magic into the motifs and designs used.

The diverse Sindhi cultures, lifestyles, traditions as well as geographical conditions have influenced Sindhi art, and for over a century handicrafts have been a source of pride and a livelihood for the people of Hala. Kashi woodwork and other products made by the artisan community of Hala have established a position in the domestic and international markets. Jandi woodwork of Hala gives a glimpse of the richness of Pakistani culture and tradition has been followed through generations.

Sindh is known the world over for its various handicrafts and arts. The work of Sindhi artisans was sold in ancient markets of Armenia, Baghdad, Basra, Istanbul, Cairo and Samarkand. Referring to the lacquer work on wood locally known as Jandi, T. Posten an English traveller who visited Sindh in early 19th century said, the articles of Hala could be compared with exquisite specimens of China.

Jandi is famous all over the world due to its delicacy, durability and the natural beauty of the wood. Jandi is rendered on lamps, candle stands, flower vases, jewelry boxes, cigarette boxes, ash trays, pots, swings, cots, dressing tables, chairs & tables, bedroom sets, sofa sets, and telephone stands. The Jandi work also has its drawbacks. The persons associated with the business said that lacquer furniture and items have a long life but acid, alcohol, and oil will damage the colour. Moreover, direct sunshine and water can destroy the life of the products. Hala has also preserved the extraordinary traditional ceramic techniques. Cigarette box may mean Cigarette pack Cigarette case Category: ...

The village potters known as kumhaar across the Indian sub continent are still producing exquisite earthenware in Hala. In Pakistan the finest examples of Kashi work are in the Sindh province. Kashi work consisted of two kinds: (a) Enamel-faced tiles and bricks of strongly fired red earthenware, or terracotta; (b) Enamel faced tiles and tesserae of lightly fired lime-mortar, or sandstone. Some authorities describe tile-mosaic work as the true Kashi.

Hala’s apparel tradition is one of the world’s oldest with handlooms and power looms dating back to the Indus valley civilization. The hand-spun and hand-woven cloth called "Khadi" was being exported to various countries since time immemorial.

Since Khadi deals in natural fibres viz. cotton, silk and wool only, spun and woven in natural environment, it can boast of being 100 percent natural, unlike handloom and mills which receive cotton yarn, blended with some regenerated cellulose fibres. Khadi cloth has found its place in haute couture and on the ramps of most eminent fashion devas.

Over a period of time cotton was mixed with silk to create Mashru, a double layered material with a thick cotton base and a silken warp woven in satin weave, a purely Indian innovation. It was woven specially for the ladies. In the Susi weave the cotton weft lay against the skin; hence it was permissible to wear it. In the Ain-i-Akbari, it is mentioned that Susi, a reputed silken fabric from Shush, a town in Persia, was originally brought to the Deccan via Alexandria during the 11th century. Susi lost its silken character somewhere along the line and reappeared as a cotton fabric in Lahore in the 1620’s. Susi later became synonymous with Sindh, the primary production centres being Hala and Hyderabad. The Ain-e-Akbari is a detailed document recording the administration of emperor Akbars empire written by Abul-Fazl ibn Mubarak, it also contains details of Hindu beliefs and practices as well as a history of India. ...

Technological improvements were gradually introduced such as the spinning wheel [charkha] and treadle [pai-chah] in the weavers’ loom, to increase refinement in designing, dyeing and printing by block. Painting process amounted for a much higher volume of output. The refined, lightweight, colourful, washable fabrics from Hala became a luxury for people used to only woollens and linens of the age.

Ajrak has been in Sindh since the birth of its civilization. Blue colour is dominantly used in Ajrak. Also, Sindh was traditionally a large producer of indigo and cotton cloth and both used to be exported to the Middle East. Ajrak is a mark of respect when it is given to an honoured quest, friend or woman. In Sindh, it is most commonly given as a gift at Eid, at weddings, or on other special occasions - like homecoming. Ajrak Sindhi Ajruk Ajrak is the name of shawls and tiles in Sind, Pakistan. ...

Along with Ajrak the Rilli or patchwork sheet, is another Sindhi icon and part of the heritage and culture. Every Sindhi home will have set of Rillis - one for each member of the family and few spare for guests. Rilli is made with different small pieces of different geometrical shapes of cloths sewn together to create intricate designs.

Rilhi is also given as a gift to friends and visitors. It is used as a bedspread as well as a blanket. A beautifully sewn Rilli can also become part of a bride or grooms gifts. Rural women in Sindh are skilful in producing Sindhi caps.

Sindhi caps are manufactured commercially on a small scale at New Saeedabad and Hala New. These are in demand with visitors from Karachi and other places and these manufacturing units have very limited production due to lack of marketing facilities.

The Sindhi Language

Sindhī (Arabic script: سنڌي, Devanagari script: सिन्धी) is spoken by about 15 million people in the province of Sind, and by about 2½ million more across the border in India. The largest Sindhi-speaking city is Hyderabad, Pakistan. It is an Indo-European language, related to Urdu and the languages of northern India. In Pakistan it is written in a modified Arabic script. Le de de Sind de ou de Sindh de (Sindhi: â€Ž, Urdu: â€Ž, Hindi: ) peut se rapporter : * Sindh de le Pakistan (de 1970), retitrÃ© du ** de province de Sind dedans 1990 * [[provinces de |Sind] de province de Sind (1936-1955)] de lInde britannique (1936-04-01 - 1947-08-13) ** de le... Hyderabad or HaidarÄbÄd (Urdu/Sindhi: ØÙŠØ¯Ø± Ø¢Ø¨Ø§Ø¯) is located in the Sindh province of Pakistan (formerly known as Neroon Kot Ù†ÙŠØ±ÙÙˆÙ† ÚªÙˆÙ½). Formerly the capital of Sindh and known as the city of perfumes, it is now a regional headquarter of the district of Hyderabad. ... Proto-Indo-European Indo-European studies The Indo-European languages include some 443 (SIL estimate) languages and dialects spoken by about three billion people, including most of the major language families of Europe and western Asia, which belong to a single superfamily. ... Urdu ( , , trans. ... The Arabic alphabet is the script used for writing the Arabic language, which is the language of the Quran, the holy book of Islam. ...

Places of interest

Sindh has numerous tourist sites with the most prominent being the ruins of Mohenjo-daro near the city of Larkana. Islamic architecture is quite prominent in the province with the Jama Masjid in Thatta built by the Mughal emperor Shahjahan and numerous mausoleums dot the province including the very old Shahbaz Qalander mausoleum dedicated to the Iranian-born Sufi and the beautiful mausoleum of Muhammad Ali Jinnah known as the Mazar-e-Quaid in Karachi. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Gorakh_Hill_Top_2. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Gorakh_Hill_Top_2. ... Mohenjo-daro (literally, mound of the dead), like Harappa, was a city of the Indus Valley civilization. ... Larkana or Larkano (Urdu: Ù„Ø§Ú‘Ú©Ø§Ù†Û, Sindhi: Ù„Ø§Ú™ÚªØ§Ú»Ùˆ) is the fourth largest city located in the Northwest of Sindh Province, Pakistan, located in Larkana District. ... Thatta or Thatto (Urdu: Ù¹Ú¾Ù¹Û, Sindhi:ÙºÙ½Ùˆ) is a historic town of 22,000 inhabitants in the Sindh province of Pakistan, near Lake Keenjhar, the largest freshwater lake in the country. ... The Mughal Empire (alternative spelling Mogul, which is the origin of the word Mogul) of India was founded by Babur in 1526, when he defeated Ibrahim Lodi, the last of the Delhi Sultans at the First Battle of Panipat. ... This article or section should be merged with Shah Jahen—preferably maintaining this as the main entry. ... Lal Shahbaz Qalandar (Sindhi: Ù„Ø§Ù„ Ø´Ú¾Ø¨Ø§Ø² Ù‚Ù„Ù†Ø¯Ø±). Lal Shahbaz Qalandar was born as Seyyed Marandi in Marand (near the city of Tabriz) in Azerbaijan in the twelfth century, and he is also known as Shaikh Usman Marandi. ... Sufism (Arabic تصوف taṣawwuf) is a system of esoteric philosophy commonly associated with Islam. ... Muhammad Ali Jinnah (Urdu: ) (December 25, 1876 â€“ September 11, 1948) was a Muslim politician and leader of the All India Muslim League who founded Pakistan and served as its first Governor-General. ... Mazar-e-Quaid - the icon of Karachi Mazar-e-Quaid is referred to mausoleum of the founder of Pakistan, Muhammad Ali Jinnah. ...

Shah Abdul Latif Bhittai (1689-1752)(Sindhi:Ø´Ø§Ú¾ Ø¹Ø¨Ø¯Ø§Ù„Ø·ÙŠÙ Ú€Ù½Ø§Ø¦ÙŠÙ), was a great Sufi scholar and saint, and is considered as the greatest poet of the Sindhi language. ... Lal Shahbaz Qalandar (Sindhi: Ù„Ø§Ù„ Ø´Ú¾Ø¨Ø§Ø² Ù‚Ù„Ù†Ø¯Ø±). Lal Shahbaz Qalandar was born as Seyyed Marandi in Marand (near the city of Tabriz) in Azerbaijan in the twelfth century, and he is also known as Shaikh Usman Marandi. ... Mohenjo-daro (literally, mound of the dead), like Harappa, was a city of the Indus Valley civilization. ... Large fort in the region of the Kirthar Hills, in Sani, Sindh, at approximately 90 km north of Hyderabad in the country of Pakistan. ... There are very few or no other articles that link to this one. ... Area map of Sindh showing the location of Mirpurkhas Mirpurkhas (Ù…ÛŒØ±Ù¾ÙˆØ± Ø®Ø§Øµ) with a population of 124,371 (1981), is a south eastern Pakistani city, fourth largest in the Sindh Province. ... Sukkur (Urdu:Ø³Ú©Ø±, Sindhi: Ø³Ú©Ú¾Ø±) is the third largest city of Sindh province, situated on the west bank of Indus River (Pakistan) in Sukkur District. ... Sukkur (Urdu:Ø³Ú©Ø±, Sindhi: Ø³Ú©Ú¾Ø±) is the third largest city of Sindh province, situated on the west bank of Indus River (Pakistan) in Sukkur District. ... (Sindhi: , Urdu: ) is the largest city in Pakistan and is the provincial capital of Sindh province. ... Gorakh Hill Top(By Rakaposhi Hiking Club Nawabshah Gorakh Hill is a Hill Station of Sindh, Pakistan on the elevation of 6000 Ft. ... Thatta or Thatto (Urdu: Ù¹Ú¾Ù¹Û, Sindhi:ÙºÙ½Ùˆ) is a historic town of 22,000 inhabitants in the Sindh province of Pakistan, near Lake Keenjhar, the largest freshwater lake in the country. ... Makli Hills, Lower Sind The Makli Hills are a low ridge along the river Indus, approximately 80 km north east of Karachi, close to the city of Hyderabad, the former capital of Sind. ... Makli Hills, Lower Sind The Makli Hills are a low ridge along the river Indus, approximately 80 km north east of Karachi, close to the city of Hyderabad, the former capital of Sind. ... It is a densely populated residential area in North West part of Delhi, India. ... This article is about Hyderabad, Pakistan. ... The introduction to this article provides insufficient context for those unfamiliar with the subject matter. ... Sukkur (Urdu:Ø³Ú©Ø±, Sindhi: Ø³Ú©Ú¾Ø±) is the third largest city of Sindh province, situated on the west bank of Indus River (Pakistan) in Sukkur District. ... This article is about the former State of Khayrpur. ... The ancient cite at Kot Diji was the forerunner of the Indus Civilization. ... Umarkot, Pakistan (25. ...

Places of historical interest

Image File history File links Metadata No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links Metadata No higher resolution available. ...

Gorakh Hill

The Gorakh Hill is Highest Hill Point In Sindh among the Kerthar Mountains Range. Gorkah Hill Is located in North-west of District Dadu along with Balochistan Border. Gorakh Hill is under Develop Project. You reach Gorkah Hill Top from Dadu City with 4x4 Vehicles, which are available from Dadu and Johi. Gorakh Hill Top is 93Km From Dadu City, at the milestone of 17Km you reach the small city of Johi which is the Taluka of District Dadu, and Starting Point Of kacho Area and the milestone of 41Km you reach the last small town Before Gorakh Hill Wahi pandi which is the settled in the lap of Kerthar Mountain Range. After Wahi Pandi the Road is Towered Slowly at the milestone of 53Km you are Enter in Yaroo Pass (Yaroo Sain Jo Luck) after Crossing Yaroo Pass 2500ft Above See Laval and the journey continue in Mountains and at the milestone of 76Km you reach the Base camp of another Highest Pass of Kerthar Mountain Range it is Khanwal Pass the base camp is on elevation of 3000ft and the Top of Khanwal pass on the Elevation of 5000ft Above See Level. The Distance Between Khanwal Pass Base Camp To Khanwal Pass Top Is 4Km. The 4Km Journey is too zigzag. After reach the Top of Khanwal Pass Drive continue to Gorakh Hill Top which is the 13Km. At the Top Of Gorakh Hill you can stay in Rest House or Camping at top Because the Gorakh Hill Is Under Development Sindh Govt. have some project Like Hotel, Restaurants, and a chair lift at Top. Khanbaliq or Cambuluc (great residence of the khan) is the ancient Mongol name for Beijing, the current capital of China. ... Balochistan, or Ballsforchinstan, Balochi, Pashto, Urdu: Ø¨Ù„ÙˆÚ†Ø³ØªØ§Ù†) is a province in Pakistan, the largest in the country by geographical area. ... For exotic financial options, see Mountain range (options). ... PASS - Payments as a Secure Service Transforming commerce over IP by enabling software as a service. ...

Ranikot

It is the largest fort of its kind in the region and maybe in the world, It is situated in the of the Kirthar Range about 30 km southwest of Sann, Jamshoro district of Sindh, approximately 90 km north of Hyderabad, in Pakistan. It has an approximate diameter of 9 km. Its walls are on the average 6 meters high and are made of gypsum and lime cut sandstone and its total circumference is about 29 km of which 8 km walls are man-made. While originally constructed for bow and arrow warfare it was later expanded to withstand firearms. Fortifications (Latin fortis, strong, and facere, to make) are military constructions designed for defensive warfare. ... Kirthar Mountains (Urdu: ÙƒÙˆÙ‡ Ú©ÛŒØ± ØªÚ¾Ø± ) range is loacted in Balochistan and Sindh provinces of Pakistan. ... Jamshoro is a small city in the province of Sindh, Pakistan. ... This article is about Hyderabad, Pakistan. ... For other uses, see Gypsum (disambiguation). ... Red sandstone interior of Lower Antelope Canyon, Arizona, worn smooth due to erosion by flash flooding over millions of years Sandstone is a sedimentary rock composed mainly of sand-size mineral or rock grains. ...

Bhambore

About 64 km east of Karachi, on the National Highway, is an interesting archaeological site, Bhambore, originally the sea-port of Debal where the young Arab warrior Mohammad Bin Qasim landed his armies in 711 AD. Three different periods in Sindh history coincide here: the Scytho-Parthians, the Hindu-Buddhist and the early Islamic. There is a museum and a rest house at the site. Bhambore is the name of old city of Debal from 7th century located at the based of river indus. ...

Chaukundi Tombs

The Chaukundi Tombs are attributed to Jokhio and Baloch tribes and were build between 15th and 18th centuries. It is situated 20km east of Karachi. Graves and Tombs at Chaukundi Chaukundi (Urdu: ) tombs are attributed to Jokhio and Baloch tribes and were build between 15th and 18th centuries. ... The Baloch (Persian: Ø¨Ù„ÙˆÚ† alternative transliterations Baluch, Balouch, Balooch, Balush, Balosh, Baloosh, Baloush et al. ... (Sindhi: , Urdu: ) is the largest city in Pakistan and is the provincial capital of Sindh province. ...

Thatta

Once a famous center of learning, arts and commerce and provisional capital for about four centuries in the past, Thatta is situated 98 km east of Karachi. Today, it is notable for the Jamia Masjid built by the Moghal Emperor Shah Jehan, and the Makli Tombs (15th - 17th centuries), a vast necropolis spread over 15.5 km², depicting exquisite specimens of architecture, stone carvings and glazed tile decorations. Thatta or Thatto (Urdu: Ù¹Ú¾Ù¹Û, Sindhi:ÙºÙ½Ùˆ) is a historic town of 22,000 inhabitants in the Sindh province of Pakistan, near Lake Keenjhar, the largest freshwater lake in the country. ... Makli Hills, Lower Sind The Makli Hills are a low ridge along the river Indus, approximately 80 km north east of Karachi, close to the city of Hyderabad, the former capital of Sind. ...

Keenjhar Lake

Some 24 km north of Thatta, is the large man-made Keenjhar Lake, which is 30 km long and 10 km wide. The lake has facilities for angling and boating. PTDC motels offer food and accommodation. Thatta or Thatto (Urdu: Ù¹Ú¾Ù¹Û, Sindhi:ÙºÙ½Ùˆ) is a historic town of 22,000 inhabitants in the Sindh province of Pakistan, near Lake Keenjhar, the largest freshwater lake in the country. ... Kalri Lake (Urdu: Ú©Ù„Ø±ÛŒ Ø¬Ú¾ÛŒÙ„) is located in Thatta District, Sindh, Pakistan. ... Angling. ...

Makli Hill|Makli Tombs

One of the largest necropolises in the world, with a diameter of approximately 8 kilometers, the Makli Tombs are supposed to be the burial place of some 125,000 Sufi saints. It is located on the outskirts of Thatta, the capital of lower Sind until the seventeenth century, in what is the southeastern province of present-day Pakistan. For the record label, see Necropolis Records. ... Makli Hills, Lower Sind The Makli Hills are a low ridge along the river Indus, approximately 80 km north east of Karachi, close to the city of Hyderabad, the former capital of Sind. ... Sufism (Arabic تصوف taṣawwuf) is a system of esoteric philosophy commonly associated with Islam. ... Le de de Sind de ou de Sindh de (Sindhi: â€Ž, Urdu: â€Ž, Hindi: ) peut se rapporter : * Sindh de le Pakistan (de 1970), retitrÃ© du ** de province de Sind dedans 1990 * [[provinces de |Sind] de province de Sind (1936-1955)] de lInde britannique (1936-04-01 - 1947-08-13) ** de le...

Kirthar National Park

Located about 48 km from Karachi in the midst of the barren rocks of the Kirthar Range in Dadu district, near Thano Boola Khan is Kirthar National Park. Designed and planned with the help of the research and planning group of the International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, the park is approved and recognized by international wildlife bodies. It is the last bastion of a wide variety of the region's wildlife that includes Sindh ibex, urial, deer, leopard, gray partridges and Houbara bustard. The Sindh Wildlife Management Board plans tours and provides transport from Karachi. The International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (commonly known as the World Conservation Union) is a nongovernmental organization (NGO). ...

Hyderabad

Situated at about 164 km northeast of Karachi, Hyderabad was the capital of Sindh during the reign of the Talpur Mirs in the 18th and 19th centuries. Today, it is known for Sindh University, Jamshoro; the provincial museum; the Institute of Sindhology and the Sindhi Adabi Board and also for colourful handicrafts such as glass bangles, glazed tiles, lacquered wood furniture, handloom cloth called 'soosi', block-printed 'Ajrak', leather shoes, etc. Historic monuments include old Mud Fort, Sheikh Makai Fort, Kalhoro Monuments, Talpur Monuments and Miani Forest.

Mir Shahdad jo Qubo

Tomb of Mir Shahdad Talpur (who is regarded as one of the finest military commanders of Sindh) one of the historical heritages of Sindh is at Shahpur Chakar Distt: Sanghar. This is a graveyard of the family members of Mir Shahdad Talpur. Shahdadpur a big city of Province Sindh is named behind Mir Shahdad Talpur, whereas Shahpur Chakar is named behind his son Mir Chakar Talpur.yes

Hala

Hala is famous for its glazed pottery and enameled wood work. Situated on the National Highway about 56 km from Hyderabad, it is frequently visited by hundreds of devotees of Hazrat Makhdoom Noah (10th century Hijra), a contemporary of Mughal Emperor Akbar and a religious divine, who converted a large number of people of Islam and also translated the Quran into Persian which is one of its earliest Persian translations in South Asia.

Bhitshah

Situated at about 56 km from Hyderabad on the National Highway, Bhitshah is the resting place of Sindh's renowned saint and mystic poet Hazrat Shah Abdul Latif Bhitai (1689 - 1752). He is remembered for the compendium of his poetry called 'Risalo', a treasure house of wisdom as well as romantic folklore and fine pottery. He also founded a musical tradition of his own which is still popular. Devotees sing with fervor and frenzy his love-intoxicated Kafis to the strains of ek-tara (single string instrument) mainly on the occasion of his "Urs" held every year between 13th and 15th of Safar, the second Islamic lunar month.

Sehwan

Situated on the right bank of River Indus at a distance of 135 km from Hyderabad, Sehwan is an old town of pre-Islamic period. Here are the remains of Kafir-Qila, a fort reported to have been constructed by Alexander the Great. Sehwan is famous for the resting place of the great mystic poet, saint and scholar Shaikh Usman Marvandvi (1117 - 1274), popularly known as Shahbaz Qalandar whose mausoleum is visited by thousands of the devotees throughout the year. During the Urs celebrations (18th Shahban - the eighth Islamic lunar month), devotees dance rhythmically and with total abandon to the beat of drums (Naqqara Dhamal), finally ending in a spiritual trance.

Manchar Lake

About 16 km from Sehwan, Manchar, the largest fresh water lake in Asia, is as old as the Indus River. Spread over 254 km², it is a perfect spot for relaxing and the best location for duck-shooting during winter. Lake Manchar is the largest freshwater lake in Pakistan and one of Asias largest. ...

Daraza Sharif

Daraza Sharif, a small village, some 52 km from Khairpur, is known for the tomb of Sachal Sarmast who was a great master of Islamic learning, lived a pious life and composed poetry in Sindhi, Seraiki, Persian and Urdu. Sachal Sarmast's Urs is celebrated on 14th of Ramzan (9th month of Islamic lunar calendar).

Kot Deji

Kot Deji is regarded as one of the world's most important archaeological sites, dating back to 3000 BC, older than Moen-jo-daro and Harappa. Excavations made in 1955 unearthed an astoundingly well-organized city with a citadel that testifies to its being the finest fortified town in South Asian subcontinent.

Moen-jo-Daro

About 563 km from Karachi off the Indus Highway lie the world-famous ruins of Moen-jo-Daro (the Mound of the Dead), now being preserved with UNESCO's help. The museum at Moen-jo-Daro is unique and a visit takes you back centuries back when the location was a civilized city and a busy river Port. Air and train services from Karachi and an air-conditioned rest house have been built there. UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) is a specialized agency of the United Nations established in 1945. ...

Other places

Among other historical sites are Amri, Umerkot (the birthplace of Emperor Akbar) and the legendary Arab city of Mansura near Shahdadpur in Sanghar district. Other interesting places include Matiari, town of old beautiful mosques and one of the centers of 'Ajrak'. On its outskirts lie the ruins of a Buddhist stupa. Nasarpur is famous for 'Khes', exquisite embroidery, decorative pottery, and wood work. It is also a holy place for the Hindu community.

Famous people

Note: Regarding those personalities who were born before 1947 and lived until after independence, the criteria used for judging which list to put them under is when did this person first make a name for themselves, e.g., Mohammad Ali Jinnah before 1947.

Famous Women Sindhi poets Shah Abdul Latif Bhittai (1689-1752)(Sindhi:Ø´Ø§Ú¾ Ø¹Ø¨Ø¯Ø§Ù„Ø·ÙŠÙ Ú€Ù½Ø§Ø¦ÙŠÙ), was a great Sufi scholar and saint, and is considered as the greatest poet of the Sindhi language. ... An editor has expressed a concern that the subject of the article does not satisfy the notability guideline for Biographies. ... Shaikh Ayaz was one of the major Sindhi poets of Pakistan. ... Sachal Sarmast (1739-1829) (Sindhi: Ø³Ú†Ù„Ù Ø³Ø±Ù…Ø³ØªÙ ) was a renowned Sindhi Sufi poet during the Kalhora era. ...

See also

References

External links

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Larkana or Larkano (Urdu: Ù„Ø§Ú‘Ú©Ø§Ù†Û ) is a district of Sindh province of Pakistan. ... Matiari District (Urdu: Ù…Ù¹ÛŒØ§Ø±ÛŒ ) is located in Sindh, Pakistan. ... Mirpur Khas District is one of the districts in the province of Sindh, Pakistan. ... Nawabshah District is one of the districts in the province of Sindh, Pakistan. ... Naushahro Feroze District is one of the districts in the province of Sindh, Pakistan. ... Qambar District is one of the districts in the province of Sindh, Pakistan. ... This article or section needs copy editing for grammar, style, cohesion, tone and/or spelling. ... Shikarpur district (Urdu: Ø´ÚªØ§Ø±Ù¾ÙˆØ± ) is a district in Sindh province in Pakistan with capital Shikarpur. ... Sukkur district (talqa) in Sindh Province in Pakistan is divided into 4 administrative strata (tehsils), namely; Sukkur City, Rohri, Saleh Pat and Pano Akil. ... Tando Allah Yar (Urdu: Ù¹Ù†ÚˆÙˆ Ø§Ù„Ù„Û ÛŒØ§Ø± ) is located in Sindh, Pakistan. ... Tando Muhammad Khan is one of the districts in the province of Sindh, Pakistan. ... Tharparkar (Urdu: ØªÚ¾Ø±Ù¾Ø§Ø±Ú©Ø±) district is located in Sindh, Pakistan. ... Thatta district (Urdu: Ø¶Ù„Ø¹ Ù¹Ú¾Ù¹Û ) (Sindhi: Ø¶Ù„Ø¹ ÙºÙ½Ùˆ) is located in Sindh, Pakistan. ... Umerkot District or Umarkot District is one of the districts in the province of Sindh, Pakistan. ... // Karachi is the largest city in Pakistan with its population being the second largest in the world after Mumbai. ... Abbottabad (Urdu: Ø§ÛŒØ¨Ù¹ Ø¢Ø¨Ø§Ø¯) is the principal city of Abbottabad District in the Northwest Frontier Province of Pakistan. ... Akbars Fort at Attock Attock (Urdu: Ø§Ù¹Ú©) is a city located in the northern border of the Punjab province of Pakistan, and also a border district on the river Indus. ... Bahawal Pur (also Bhawalpur or Bhawulpore) (Urdu: Ø¨ÛØ§ÙˆÙ„Ù¾ÙˆØ± ) is a city of (1998 pop. ... This article is about the town of Chitral. ... Masjid Noor Daska Daska is a small industrial city with a population of around 200,000 in the Punjab province of Pakistan. ... (Urdu: ÙÛŒØµÙ„ Ø¢Ø¨Ø§Ø¯) is a city located in Punjab, Pakistan. ... An afternoon scene in Gilgit Gilgit (Urdu: Ú¯Ù„Ú¯Øª) is the capital city of Northern Areas, Pakistan. ... Gwadar is located on the southwestern coast of Pakistan, close to the Strait of Hormuz in the Persian Gulf. ... This article is about Hyderabad, Pakistan. ... Location within Pakistan Coordinates: , Country Pakistan Province Constructed 1960s Union Council 40 UC (District Govt. ... (Sindhi: , Urdu: ) is the largest city in Pakistan and is the provincial capital of Sindh province. ... Khanewal (Urdu: Ø®Ø§Ù†ÛŒÙˆØ§Ù„) is a district in the province of Punjab Pakistan. ... (Urdu: Ù„Ø§ÛÙˆØ±, Punjabi: Ù„ÛÙˆØ±, pronounced ) is the capital of the Punjab and is the second largest city in Pakistan after Karachi. ... Structure dubbed the great bath in the excavated Mohenjo-daro ruins. ... Multan shown on a 1669 world map (Urdu: Ù…Ù„ØªØ§Ù†) is a city in the Punjab Province of Pakistan and capital of Multan District. ... View of Mountain Valley from the Top Murree city (Urdu: Ù…Ø±ÛŒ) is a popular hill station and a summer resort, especially for the residents of Islamabad, and for the cities of the province of Punjab, Pakistan. ... Nawabshah Mudjamrao Road Nawabshah (Urdu: Ù†ÙˆØ§Ø¨Ø´Ø§Û) city (established in 1912) is located in the centre of Sindh,Along With Left Bank Of River Indus Near Sakrand Tehsel, Pakistan, and is therefore often known as the Heart of Sindh. ... (Urdu: Ù¾Ø´Ø§ÙˆØ±; Pashto: Ù¾ÚšÙˆØ±) literally means City on the Frontier in Persian and is known as Pekhawar in Pashto. ... (Urdu: Ú©ÙˆØ¦Ù¹Û) also spelled Kwatah city is a variation of kwatkot, a Pashto word meaning â€œfort,â€. It is the largest city and provincial capital and district of Baluchistan Province, Pakistan. ... (Urdu: Ø±Ø§ÙˆÙ„Ù¾Ù†ÚˆÛŒ) is a city in the Potwar Plateau near Pakistans capital city of Islamabad, in the province of Punjab. ... Sialkot (Urdu/Punjabi: ), the capital of Sialkot District, is a city situated in the north-east of the Punjab province in Pakistan at the feet of the snow-covered peaks of Kashmir near the Chenab river. ... Sukkur (Urdu:Ø³Ú©Ø±, Sindhi: Ø³Ú©Ú¾Ø±) is the third largest city of Sindh province, situated on the west bank of Indus River (Pakistan) in Sukkur District. ... Taxila (Urdu: , Sanskrit: , Pali:TakkasilÄ) is an important archaeological site in Pakistan containing the ruins of the GandhÄran city of Takshashila (also Takkasila or Taxila) an important Vedic/Hindu[1] and Buddhist[2] centre of learning from the 6th century BCE[3] to the 5th century CE.[4] [5... Thatta or Thatto (Urdu: Ù¹Ú¾Ù¹Û, Sindhi:ÙºÙ½Ùˆ) is a historic town of 22,000 inhabitants in the Sindh province of Pakistan, near Lake Keenjhar, the largest freshwater lake in the country. ... A relief map of Pakistan showing historic sites. ... Following are Fourteen Points of Mr. ... The Persepolis Ruins The Achaemenid dynasty (Old Persian:Hakamanishiya, Persian: Ù‡Ø®Ø§Ù…Ù†Ø´ÛŒØ§Ù†) - was a dynasty in the ancient Persian Empire. ... For the film of the same name, see Alexander the Great (1956 film). ... A series of three wars between Britain and the Afghans in the 19th century and early 20th century was formerly called the Afghan Wars but is now referred to as the Anglo-Afghan wars perhaps to distinguish them from the civil strife in the 1980s. ... There have been two Anglo-Sikh wars: The First Anglo-Sikh War (1845â€“1846) The Second Anglo-Sikh War (1848-1849) This is a disambiguation page â€” a navigational aid which lists pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... Ashoka redirects here. ... ZÄhir ud-DÄ«n Mohammad, commonly known as BÄbur (February 14, 1483 â€“ December 26, 1530) (Chaghatay/Persian: ; also spelled ), was a Muslim Emperor from Central Asia who founded the Mughal dynasty of India. ... The Central Treaty Organization (also referred to as CENTO, the successor to the Middle East Treaty Organization or METO, also known as the Baghdad Pact) was adopted in 1955 by Iraq, Turkey, Iran, as well as United States chose not to initially participate as to avoid alienating Arab states with... Combatants Mukti Bahini India Pakistan Commanders Col. ... For main article see: Caliphate The Caliph (pronounced khaleef in Arabic) is the head of state in a Caliphate, and the title for the leader of the Islamic Ummah, an Islamic community ruled by the Sharia. ... The Delhi Sultanate (Ø¯Ù„ÛŒ Ø³Ù„Ø·Ù†Øª), or Sulthanath-e-Hind (Ø³Ù„Ø·Ù†ØªÙ ÛÙ†Ø¯) / Sulthanath-e-Dilli (Ø³Ù„Ø·Ù†ØªÙ Ø¯Ù„ÛŒ) refers to the various Muslim dynasties that ruled in India from 1210 to 1526. ... The Durrani Empire was a larger state that included modern Afghanistan, Pakistan, parts of eastern Iran and western India. ... The Ghaznavid Empire (Ø³Ù„Ø³Ù„Ù‡ ØºØ²Ù†ÙˆÛŒØ§Ù† in Persian) was a state in the region of todays Afghanistan that existed from 962 to 1187. ... The Greco-Bactrian Kingdom (or Graeco-Bactrian Kingdom) covered the areas of Bactria and Sogdiana, comprising todays northern Afghanistan and parts of Central Asia, the easternmost area of the Hellenistic world, from 250 to 125 BCE. The expansion of the Greco-Bactrians into northern India from 180 BCE established... The Buddha, in Greco-Buddhist style, 1st-2nd century CE, Gandhara (Modern Pakistan). ... Pakistani Baluchistan was conquered by the British Empire on October 1, 1887. ... National motto: Ä«mÄn, ittihÄd, nazm (Urdu: Faith, unity, discipline) Official languages Urdu, English Capital Islamabad Largest city Karachi President General Pervez Musharraf Prime Minister Shaukat Aziz Area - Total - % water Ranked 34th 803,940 kmÂ² 3. ... The Indo-Greek Kingdom (or sometimes Graeco-Indian Kingdom[2]) covered various parts of the northwest and northern Indian subcontinent from 180 BCE to around 10 CE, and was ruled by a succession of more than thirty Hellenic and Hellenistic kings,[3] often in conflict with each other. ... Combatants India Pakistan Commanders General K M Cariappa, Lt Gen S M Shrinagesh, Maj Gen K S Thimayya, Maj Gen Kalwant Singh Maj Gen Akbar Khan Casualties 1,104 killed[1](Indian army) 684 KIA(State Forces)[2] [3] 3,152 wounded [1] 1,500 killed[4] (Pakistan army) The... Combatants India Pakistan Commanders Joyanto Nath Chaudhuri Harbakhsh Singh Ayub Khan Musa Khan Casualties 3,264 killed[1] 8,623 wounded[1] (From July to ceasefire) 3,800 killed[2] (September 6 - 22) 4,000 - 8,000 killed/ captured[3][4][5] (July to September 6) The Indo-Pakistani War... Excavated ruins of Mohenjo-daro. ... During the middle ages, several Islamic regimes established empires in South Asia. ... Combatants India Pakistan, Kashmiri secessionists, Islamic militants (Foreign Fighters) Strength 30,000 5,000 Casualties Indian Official Figures: 527 killed,[1][2][3] 1,363 wounded[4] 1 POW Pakistani Estimates: 357-500 killed[5][6] (Pakistan troops) 665+ soldiers wounded[5] 8 POW.[7] The Kargil War, also known... The Khilji or Khalji were a dynasty of Indian rulers. ... Boundary of the Kushan empire, c. ... Minar-e-Pakistan, where Pakistan Resolution was passed The Lahore Resolution, commonly known as the Pakistan Resolution,[1] was the National documentation and a formal political statement adopted by the All India Muslim League at the occasion of its three-day general session on 22-24 March 1940 that called... Lodhi (also sometimes Lodi) is a Pashtun tribe, most likely a sub-group of the larger Ghilzai of Afghanistan and Pakistan who were part of a wave of Pashtuns who pushed east into what is today Pakistan and India. ... Mahmud of Ghazni (971-April 30, 1030), also know as Yamin ul-Dawlah Mahmud (in full: Yamin ul-Dawlah Abd ul-Qasim Mahmud Ibn Sebük Tigin) was the ruler of Ghazni from 997 until his death. ... The Mauryan empire (321 to 185 BCE), at its largest extent around 230 BCE. The Lion Capital of Asoka, erected around 250 BCE. It is the emblem of India. ... Tetradrachm of Menander I in Greco-Bactrian style (Alexandria-Kapisa mint). ... Capital Delhi / Agra Language(s) Persian (initially also Chagatai, Turkish; later also Urdu) Government Monarchy Emperor - 1526-1530 Babur - 1530â€“1539 and after restoration 1555â€“1556 Humayun - 1556â€“1605 Akbar - 1605â€“1627 Jahangir - 1628â€“1658 Shah Jahan - 1659â€“1707 Aurangzeb History - Established April 21, 1526 - Ended September 21, 1857 Area... Muhammad bin Qasim Al-Thaqafi (Arabic: Ù…ØÙ…Ø¯ Ø¨Ù† Ù‚Ø§Ø³Ù…) (c. ... Muhammad of Ghor (Persian,Urdu: Ù…ØÙ…Ø¯ Ø´ÛØ§Ø¨ Ø§Ù„Ø¯ÛŒÙ† ØºÙˆØ±ÛŒ), also Muhammad Ghori or Mohammad Ghauri, originally named Muizz-ad-din, b. ... The All India Muslim League (Urdu: Ù…Ø³Ù„Ù… Ù„ÛŒÚ¯), founded at Dhaka in 1906, was a political party in British India that developed into the driving force behind the creation of Pakistan as a Muslim state from British India on the Indian subcontinent. ... Nadir Shahâ€™s portrait from the collection of Smithsonian Institute Nadir Shah (Persian: Ù†Ø§Ø¯Ø± Ø´Ø§Ù‡) (Nadir Qoli Beg (Persian: Ù†Ø§Ø¯Ø± Ù‚Ù„ÛŒ Ø¨ÛŒÚ¯), also Tahmasp-Qoli Khan (Persian: ØªÙ‡Ù…Ø§Ø³Ù¾ Ù‚Ù„ÛŒ Ø®Ø§Ù†) also Nadir Shah Afshar (Persian: Ù†Ø§Ø¯Ø± Ø´Ø§Ù‡ Ø§ÙØ´Ø§Ø±) ) (October 22, 1688 - June 19, 1747) ruled as Shah of Iran (1736â€“47) and was the founder of the short-lived Turkic Afsharid... This article is under construction. ... The Pashtuns (also Pushtun, Pakhtun, or ethnic Afghan; in referring to the period of the British Raj or earlier, sometimes Pathan) are an ethnic/religious group of people, living primarily in Afghanistan, Pakistan, and India who follow Pashtunwali, their indigenous religion. ... Qutb-ud-din Aybak was a ruler of Medieval India, the first Sultan of Delhi and founder of the Slave dynasty (also known as the Mamluk dynasty). ... Maharaja Ranjit Singh (Punjabi: ), also called Sher-e-Punjab (The Lion of the Punjab) (1780-1839) was a Sikh ruler of the Punjab. ... For the Lost character, please see Sayid Jarrah Sayyid () (plural Saadah) is an honorific title that is given to males accepted as descendants of the Islamic prophet Muhammad through his grandsons, Hasan ibn Ali and Husayn ibn Ali, who were the sons of his daughter Fatima Zahra and son-in... For the English cricketer, See Vikram Solanki The Solanki or Chalukya is a Hindu Gurjar,Rajput dynasty of India, who ruled the kingdom of Gujarat from the 10th to the 13th centuries. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Combatants Pakistan Islamic Emirate of Waziristan, al-Qaeda, Taliban, Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan Commanders Commander XI Corps Haji Omar, Abu Faraj al-Libbi(captured), Tohir Yoâ€˜ldosh Strength 80,000[2] 40,000[3] Casualties 700[4] - 3,000[5] Pakistan military and paramilitary killed 1,000[6] - 3,000... In recent history, the Pakistani political processess have taken place in the framework of a federal republic, where the system of government has at times been parliamentary, presidential, or semi-presidential. ... The Chief Justice of Pakistan heads the Supreme Court of Pakistan. ... Demographics of Pakistan, Data of FAO, year 2005 ; Number of inhabitants in thousands. ... The Districts of Pakistan form the third tier of government in Pakistan, ranking as subdivisions of the provinces of Pakistan. ... Government of Sindh is based in Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. ... Balochistan is the largest province of Pakistan. ... ... The Government of North West Frontier Province (NWFP) is in Peshawar, the provincial capital of the North-West Frontier Province, Pakistan. ... At the national level, Pakistan elects a bicameral legislature, the Parliament of Pakistan, which consists of a directly-elected National Assembly of Pakistan and a Senate whose members are chosen by elected provincial legislators. ... The national flag of Pakistan was designed by Syed Amir-ud-Din Kedwai based on the 1906 flag of the All-India Muslim League. ... Pakistan is the second largest Muslim country in terms of population (behind Indonesia), and its status as a declared nuclear power, being the only Islamic nation to have that status, plays a part in its international role. ... A jirga (occasionally jirgah) is a tribal assembly which takes decisions by consensus. ... Pakistan had a parliamentary system of government that has been modified several times since its inception. ... Political parties in Pakistan lists political parties in Pakistan. ... List of Mayors (Nazims) during 20th Century Karachi City Municipal Act was promulgated in 1933. ... The National Assembly is the lower house of the bicameral Parliament of Pakistan. ... The Senate of Pakistan is the upper House of the bicameral Parliament of Pakistan. ... The Parliament of Pakistan is known as the Majlis-e-Shoora (Council of Advisors). ... The President of Pakistan (UrdÅ«: ØµØ¯Ø± Ù…Ù…Ù„Ú©Øª Sadr-e-Mumlikat) is the head of state of Pakistan. ... The Prime Minister of Pakistan, in Urdu ÙˆØ²ÛŒØ± Ø§Ø¹Ø¸Ù… Wazir-e- Azam meaning Grand Vizier, is the Head of Government of Pakistan. ... The Supreme Court (Urdu: Ø¹Ø¯Ø§Ù„Øª Ø¹Ø¸Ù…ÛŒÙ° ) is the apex court in Pakistans judicial hierarchy, the final arbiter of legal and constitutional disputes. ... Terrorism in Pakistan has been prevalent since the 1980s following the breakup of the nation into modern Pakistan and Bangladesh in the Bangladesh Liberation War. ... Sports in Pakistan are played with great passion. ... The Pakistan Hockey Federation (PHF) is the national governing body for field hockey in Pakistan. ... The Pakistan Cricket Board (PCB) is responsible for all major cricket including Test cricket played in Pakistan. ... The Pakistan national cricket team is a national cricket team representing Pakistan. ... This is a list of those people who have umpired at least one Test match in Pakistan between Pakistan and other Test cricket nations. ... The A1 Team Pakistan is the Pakistani team of A1 Grand Prix, an international racing series dubbed as the world cup of motorsport. ... The Pakistan Premier League (PPL) is the first division of Pakistani football. ... The Pakistan National Football Challenge Cup is the national knockout cup competition in Pakistani football, run by Pakistan Football Federation. ... Gilli à¤¿à¤—à¤²à¥à¤²à¥€ -danda à¤¡à¤¨à¥à¤¡à¤¾ is a game popular across the length and breadth of India and Pakistan. ... Kabaddi (sometimes written Kabbadi or Kabadi) (Telugu: , Punjabi: , Marathi: , Hindi: ,Urdu: ; IPA: ) is a team sport originally from the Indian subcontinent. ... This article or section is missing references or citation of sources. ... The Pakistan Open golf tournament was first played in 1967. ... The Arabian Sea (Arabic: Ø¨ØØ± Ø§Ù„Ø¹Ø±Ø¨; transliterated: Bahr al-Arab) is a region of the Indian Ocean bounded on the east by India, on the north by Pakistan and Iran, on the west by Arabian Peninsula, on the south, approximately, by a line between Cape Guardafui, the north-east point of Somalia... K2 from Concordia The Baltoro Glacier, at over 70 kilometers long, is one of the longest glaciers outside of the polar regions. ... Broghol, also spelled Boroghil and several other ways, is a high mountain pass that crosses the Pamir and connects the Wakhan Corridor of Afghanistan with Chitral in Pakistan. ... Broghol is a high mountain pass that crosses the Pamir and connects the Wakhan Corridor of Afghanistan with Chitral in Pakistan. ... The Clifton beach seafront, Karachi Clifton Beach, on the Arabian Sea, is a beach in Clifton, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan, one of the neighborhoods of Saddar Town, Karachi. ... Demographics of Pakistan, Data of FAO, year 2005 ; Number of inhabitants in thousands. ... The Dorah Pass, also spelled and pronounced Durah Pass, connects Badakshan in Afghanistan with Chitral in Pakistan. ... Afghanistan before the Durand agreement of 1893. ... Guddu Barrage is a barrage across river Indus, near Sukkur in Pakistan. ... Gumal Pass is a pass on the border of Afganistan and the southeastern portion of the Northwest Frontier Province of Pakistan. ... Hawkes Bay or Hawkesbay is a popular beach and a neighborhood located in Kiamari Town in Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. ... For the movie Himalaya, see Himalaya (film). ... â€¹ The template below (Citations missing) is being considered for deletion. ... Schematic map of the Indo-Gangetic Plain The Indo-Gangetic Plain also known as The Kathwiarschi plains is a large and fertile plain encompassing most of northern and eastern India, the most populous parts of Pakistan, and virtually all of Bangladesh. ... Indus River Delta The Indus River Delta occurs where the Indus River flows into the Arabian Sea in Pakistan. ... The Indus Waters Treaty Historical context The partition of the Indian subcontinent created a conflict over the waters of the Indus basin. ... For other uses, see K2 (disambiguation). ... The Kalabagh dam is a mega water reservoir that Government of Pakistan is planning to develop across the Indus River, one of the worlds largest rivers. ... Karakoram is a mountain range spanning the borders between Pakistan, China, and India, located in the regions of Gilgit, Ladakh and Baltistan. ... The Khyber Pass, also referred to as The Khyber (also spelt the Khaiber Pass or Khaybar Pass) (Urdu: Ø¯Ø±Û Ø®ÛŒØ¨Ø±) (altitude: 1,070 m , 3,510 ft) is the mountain pass that links Pakistan and Afghanistan. ... Lowarai Pass is located between the Panjkora and Chitral valleys in North-West Frontier Province of Pakistan. ... Lowari Top is a pass that connects Chitral with Dir in Pakistan. ... // Karachi is the largest city in Pakistan with its population being the second largest in the world after Mumbai. ... K2, the 2nd highest of the world Broad Peak, the 12th highest of the world Pakistan contains five of the highest fourteen independent peaks in the world (the eight-thousanders) and many other high peaks, in the Himalaya, Karakoram, Hindu Kush, and Hindu Raj ranges. ... Mazar-e-Quaid - the icon of Karachi Mazar-e-Quaid is referred to mausoleum of the founder of Pakistan, Muhammad Ali Jinnah. ... National Parks of Pakistan There are 14 National Parks in Pakistan. ... Nanga Parbat (also known as Nangaparbat Peak or Diamir) is the ninth highest mountain on Earth and the second highest in Pakistan-administered Kashmir. ... Rann of Kutch on the Top Left. ... The Salt Range is a hill system in the Punjab region of India, deriving its name from its extensive deposits of rock-salt. ... Sandspit Beach is situated north west of Karachi. ... The Sarpo Laggo Glacier (Sarpo Laggo: young husband) is a glacier in Pakistan, in the Karakoram mountain range of the Himalayas. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Shandur Top is a high mountain pass that connects Chitral to Gilgit. ... The Siachen Glacier is located in the eastern Karakoram range in the Himalaya Mountains along the disputed India-Pakistan border at approximately . ... The introduction to this article provides insufficient context for those unfamiliar with the subject matter. ... Airblue is a private airline based in Karachi, Pakistan. ... The Pakistan aviation industry was started up when Orient Airways merged with Pakistan International Airlines Corporation (PIAC) to become the national flag carrier of Pakistan called Pakistan International Airlines (PIA). ... Telephones - main lines in use: 2. ... Islamabad Stock Exchange is the three largest stock exchange of Pakistan located in the capital, Islamabad. ... The Karachi Stock Exchange or KSE is a stock exchange located in Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. ... This organization, company, or building article needs to be wikified. ... This is a list of companies from Pakistan. ... History (First Project, Al Azam Square, Site Office, Karachi-1966). ... Pakistan International Airlines Corporation, more commonly known as Pakistan International Airlines or PIA (Urdu: Ù¾ÛŒ Ø¢Ø¦ÛŒ Ø§Û’ ÙŠØ§ Ù¾Ø§Ú©Ø³ØªØ§Ù† Ø§Ù†Ù¹Ø±Ù†ÛŒØ´Ù†Ù„ Ø§ÛŒØ±Ù„Ø§ÛŒÙ†Ø²), is the flag carrier airline of Pakistan, based in Karachi. ... PKR redirects here. ... The logo of the Karachi Port Trust. ... Port Muhammad Bin Qasim is a port in Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan located at , (24. ... A slum in Karachi, Pakistan with an open sewer running along the lane Poverty in Pakistan, is a major economic issue. ... This is a list of the tallest structures in Pakistan, measured from base to the tallest point (Either roof top or antenna or spire). ... The 17th Century Badshahi Mosque built by Mughal emperor Aurangzeb in Lahore The society of Pakistan (Urdu: Ø«Ù‚Ø§ÙØª Ù¾Ø§Ú©Ø³ØªØ§Ù†), although relatively diverse depending on which one of Pakistans provinces, has been greatly influenced by the cultures of Central Asia and the Middle East. ... A1GP (formerly A1 Grand Prix) is an open-wheel auto racing series. ... The A1 Team Pakistan is the Pakistani team of A1 Grand Prix, an international racing series dubbed as the world cup of motorsport. ... Kites on display before Basant festival in Lahore Basant, sometimes called Basant panchami in Hindi , is thought to be a festival celebrating the arrival of Spring, although some trace its background as a Hindu celebration. ... In Islamic Pakistani culture Chand Raat or night of the moon as it translates marks the end of Ramadan (Arabic: رمضان ) and the start of Eid ul-Fitr (Arabic: عيد الفطر). ... Pakistani cuisine is a distinct blend of foods similar to those found in the cuisine of India and those found in Afghanistan and Iran, with strong culinary influences from the Middle East. ... After the Partition of India, Hinduism became one of the smallest religions in the newly created state of Pakistan, but has nonetheless played a major role in its culture and politics as well as the history of its regions. ... Holidays in Pakistan: Category: ... Over 98% of 166 million peoples of Pakistan are Muslims and Islam is the State religion of Pakistan. ... The Kara Film Festival is the only internationally recognized film festival of Pakistan, to represent Lollywood annually held in Karachi. ... This is a list of musicians from Pakistan listed in alphabetical order. ... Pakistan has many radio and TV channels. ... Lollywood refers to the Pakistani film industry, based in the city of Lahore. ... This is a list of mosques in Pakistan. ... Murree Beer is Pakistans leading beer brand made by Murree Brewery. ... Awards Lux Style Awards, MTV Pakistan Awards, Indus Music Awards, The Musik Awards Charts MTV Pakistan Charts, AAG 10, The Musik Countdown Music Festivals All Pakistani Music Conference Media MTV Pakistan, Indus Music, The Musik, AAG TV National anthem Qaumi Tarana Regional folk styles Balochi - Punjabi - Sindhi - Pastho - Kashmiri Khowar... Flag of Pakistan. ... Pakistan Idol is an upcoming reality television show on GEO television, based on the popular British show Pop Idol and its American counterpart American Idol. ... The Pakistan national cricket team is a national cricket team representing Pakistan. ... Pakistani literature, that is, the literature of Pakistan, as a distinct literature came into being when Pakistan gained its nationhooood as a sovereign state in 1947. ... For the city, see Sari, Iran. ... An old-fashioned Hyderabadi gentleman wearing a formal Sherwani and Fez hat, that is designed by a designer in Lahore, Pakistan Sherwani (Urdu: Ø´ÛŒØ±ÙˆØ§Ù†ÛŒ ) is a long coat-like garment worn in South Asia, very similar to an Achkan or doublet. ... Sikhism is a very small minority religion in the Islamic Republic of Pakistan but has many cultural, historical and political ties to the country, and to the historical region of Punjab. ... Sports in Pakistan are played with great passion. ... The term Sufi rock describes the sound of famous Pakistani rock band Junoon. ... Lahore Museum, established in 1894, when Lahore (currently a part of Pakistan) was a part of Undivided India, is a major museum of the Indian subcontinent. ... The following is a list of major universities in Pakistan, organized by subnational entities. ... The National library was established after almost 46 years of independence. ... Pakistani literature, that is, the literature of Pakistan, as a distinct literature came into being when Pakistan gained its nationhooood as a sovereign state in 1947. ... Pakistani poetry as a tradition partakes of Urdu poetry, which see. ... Pervez Musharraf has led Pakistan since 1999. ... This article is about the Pakistani intelligence agency. ... Pakistan is the sixth most populous nation in the world. ... Pakistan Air Force (Urdu: Ù¾Ø§Ú© ÙØ¶Ø§Ø¦ÛŒÛ, Pak Fazaya) (PAF) is the Aviation branch of the Pakistan armed forces and is responsible for defending Pakistani air-space from intrusions. ... The Pakistan Boy Scouts Association (PBSA) (Urdu:Ù¾Ø§Ú©Ø³ØªØ§Ù† Ø¨ÙˆØ§Ø¦Û’ Ø§Ø³Ú©Ø§ ÙˆÙ¹ Ø§ÛŒØ³ÙˆØ³ÛŒ Ø§ÛŒØ´Ù†) is the national Scouting organization of Pakistan and has 516,891 members (as of 2002). ... This page lists articles on Wikipedia that are related to Pakistan. ... Language(s) UrduLanguages of PakistanArabicEnglish Religion(s) IslamChristianityZoroastrianism An overseas Pakistani is a Pakistani citizen who has migrated to another country or a person of Pakistani origin who is born outside Pakistan. ...

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