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The Sindhi language is not only very old but it is also very rich in literature. Its writers have contributed extensively in every field and in every form of literature. Sindhi (سنڌي، سندھی ، सिन्धी sindhī) is the language of the Sindh region of South Asia, which is now a province of Pakistan. ... Old age consists of ages nearing the average lifespan of human beings, and thus the end of the human life cycle. ... Old book bindings at the Merton College library. ...

The earliest reference to Sindhi literature is contained in the writings of Arab historians. It is established that Sindhi was the first and the earliest language of the East in which the Holy Quran was translated in the eighth or ninth century A.D. There is evidence of Sindhi poets reciting their verses before the Arab Caliphs at Baghdad. It is also recorded that treatises were written in Sindhi on astronomy, medicine and history during the eighth and ninth centuries. Shortly afterwards, Pir Nooruddin, an Ismaili Missionary, wrote Sufis tic poetry in Sindhi language. His verses, known as "ginans", can be taken as the specimen of early Sindhi poetry. He came to Sindh during the year 1079 A.D. His poetry is an interesting record of the language which was spoken commonly at that time. He was a sufi and a preacher of Islam. His verses are, therefore, full of mysticism and religion. The Arabs (Arabic: عرب) are a heterogeneous ethnic group who are predominantly speakers of the Arabic language, mainly found throughout the Middle East and North Africa. ... Sindhi refers to an ethnic group of people originating in Sindh which is part of present day Pakistan. ... The Quran (Arabic al-qurʾān أَلْقُرآن; also transliterated as Quran, Koran, and less commonly Alcoran) is the holy book of Islam. ... A century (From the Latin cent, one hundred) is one hundred consecutive years. ... Baghdad ( translit: ) is the capital of Iraq and of Baghdad Governorate. ... A giant Hubble mosaic of the Crab Nebula, a supernova remnant. ... This article is about the field and science of medical practice and health care. ... HIStory: Past, Present and Future – Book I (or simply HIStory) is a double-disc album by Michael Jackson released in 1995 by the Epic Records devision of Sony Music. ... The IsmāʿīlÄ« (Urdu: اسماعیلی IsmāʿīlÄ«, Arabic: الإسماعيليون al-IsmāʿīliyyÅ«n; Persian: اسماعیلیان Esmāʿīliyān) branch of Islam is part of ShÄ«Ê¿a community after the Twelvers (Ithnāʿashariyya). ... Sufism (Arabic تصوف taṣawwuf) is a system of esoteric philosophy commonly associated with Islam. ... The Chinese poem Quatrain on Heavenly Mountain by Emperor Gaozong (Song Dynasty) Poetry (from the Greek , poiesis, making or creating) is a form of art in which language is used for its aesthetic qualities in addition to, or in lieu of, its ostensible meaning. ... Sindh (SindhÄ«: سنڌ, UrdÅ«: سندھ) is one of the four provinces of Pakistan and is home to the Sindhis, and Muhajirs and various other groups. ... Mysticism from the Greek μυστικός (mystikos) an initiate (of the Eleusinian Mysteries, μυστήρια (mysteria) meaning initiation[1]) is the pursuit of achieving communion or identity with, or conscious awareness of, ultimate reality, the divine, spiritual truth, or God through direct experience, intuition, or insight; and the belief that such experience is an...

After him, Pir Shams Sabzwari Multani, Pir Shahabuddin and Pir Sadruddin are recognized as poets of Sindhi language. We even find some verses composed by Baba Farid Ganj Shakar, in Sindhi language. Pir Sadruddin (1290-1409 A.D. ), was a great poet, saint and sufi of his time. He composed his verses (ginans) in Lari and Katchi dialects of Sindhi. He also composed the "ginans" in Punjabi, Seraiki, Hindi and Gujarati languages. He modified the old script of Sindhi language, which was commonly used by the luhana catse of Hindus of Sindh who embraced Islam under his teaching and were called by him 'Khuwajas' or 'Khojas'. Pir Sadardin was a fourteenth century spiritual leader and is regarded as the founder of Khoja Ismaili. ... Families Laridae Sternidae Stercorariidae Rhynchopidae The suborder Lari is the part of the order Charadriiformes which includes the gulls, terns, skuas and skimmers, with the waders and auks making up the rest of the order. ... Punjabi (also Panjabi; in GurmukhÄ«, PanjābÄ« in ShāhmukhÄ«) is the language of the Punjab regions of India and Pakistan. ... Seraiki is a language of great antiquity in Pakistan. ... Hindi (हिन्दी or हिंदी in Devanagari; pronunciation: ), an Indo-European language spoken mainly in northern and central India, is the official language of the Union government of India [1][2]. It is part of a dialect continuum of the Indic family, bounded on the northwest and west by Punjabi, Sindhi, Urdu, and... GujarātÄ« is an Indo-Aryan language, part of the greater Indo-European language family. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Islam (Arabic:  ) is a monotheistic religion based upon the Quran, its principal scripture, whose followers, known as Muslims (مسلم), believe God (Arabic: الله ) sent through revelations to Muhammad. ... The Khwajahs or officially Khojas (Urdu: خوجہ) are a (mostly Muslim) community that are mainly concentrated in South Asia, but due to migrations over the centuries have spread to many parts of the globe. ...

During the same period (1010-1351 A.D.) who took over after Soomras, and afterwards in the days of Arghuns, Tarkhans, Mughal governors (1521-1700 A.D.), Sindh produced may scholars and poets of Sindhi, Arabic and Persian languages. Qazi Qadan, Shah Karim of Bhulri, Shah lutufullah Qadri, Shah Inyat Sufi Nasarpoori, Mir Masoom Shah, Makhdoom Nooh of Hala, lakho lutufullah, Mahamati Pirannath and many other are the renowned literary personalities of this period. For the Punjabi tribe called Tarkhan, see Tarkhan (tribe). ... The Mughal Empire (alternative spelling Mogul, which is the origin of the word Mogul) of India was founded by Babur in 1526, when he defeated Ibrahim Lodi, the last of the Delhi Sultans at the First Battle of Panipat. ... This page meets Wikipedias criteria for speedy deletion. ...

Bhagu Bhan, Sumang Charan, Shah Abdul Karim, Shah Inayat and many other poets of this period have enriched the language with mystic, romantic and epic poetry. Look up mystic in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

Many centers of learning (Madressahs) flourised during tenth to fifteenth centuries where celebrated scholars of Sindh used to teach religion, philosophy and rhetoric. The great scholars among them who earned high reputation even in the Muslim centres of Mecca and Madina were Makhdoom Abdul Hasan, Makhdoom Ziauddin, Makhdoom Muhammad Hashim Thattavi and Makhdoom Muhammad Muin Thattvi. Their works are mostly in Arabic, Persian and Sindhi languages. To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article may require cleanup. ... A Muslim (Arabic: مسلم, Turkish: Müslüman, Persian and Urdu: مسلمان, Bosnian: Musliman) is an adherent of Islam. ... Mecca IPA: or Makkah IPA: (in full: Makkah al-Mukarramah; Arabic: ‎, Turkish: Mekke) is the capital city of Saudi Arabias Makkah province, in the historic Hejaz region. ... This article is about the Saudi city of Medina. ...

Shah Abdul Latif of Bhit (1690-1573 A.D.) is the greatest thinker and poet of all times, produced by Sindh. According to Dr. Sorely, who compared the poetry of the great poets of all major language of the world, including Greek, Latin and Arabic, in his book 'Musa Pravaganus', gives first place to Shah Latif on his language and thought. Shah Abdul Latif, a great scholar, saint and spiritual poet, was born in Hala Haveli near the Khatiyan village of Hyderabad District, Sindh in 1689. ... Bhit (also referred to as Bhit Shah) is a small town in Sindh, Pakistan. ... Latin is an ancient Indo-European language originally spoken in Latium, the region immediately surrounding Rome. ... Arabic can mean: From or related to Arabia From or related to the Arabs The Arabic language; see also Arabic grammar The Arabic alphabet, used for expressing the languages of Arabic, Persian, Malay ( Jawi), Kurdish, Panjabi, Pashto, Sindhi and Urdu, among others. ...

Shah Latif gave a new life, though and content to the language and literature of Sindh. He traveled far and wide in the remotest corners Sindh and saw for himself the simple and rustic people of his soil in love with life and its mysteries. He understood the ethos of the people and their deep attachment to the land, the culture, the music, the fine arts and crafts. He described Sindh and its people in the finest language, human mind can conceive of. Thought simple folk tales, Lateef has expressed profound ideas about universal brother-hood of mankind, patriotism, war against all kind of injustice and tyrannies, and above all the romance of human existence. He is in fact a pace maker and a catalyst for every generation and genre of Sindhi literature. He was a great musician also & he evolved fifteen new melodies (Surs). The great beauty of his poetry is that his every single line or verse is sung till this day with a specific note or melody. His shadow is ever-lasting and all pervading he is sung not by the literature alone but even by the common people in the villages and towns of Sindh. Music is a form of art and entertainment or other human activity that involves organized and audible sounds and silence. ... Folk can refer to a number of different things: It can be short for folk music, or, for folksong, or, for folklore; it may be a word for a specific people, tribe, or nation, especially one of the Germanic peoples; it might even be a calque on the related German... Lateef (real name Lateef Daumont from Oakland, California) also known as Lateef The Truth Speaker and Feetal. ... This article or section may contain original research or unverified claims. ... Look up romance in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... A musician is a person who plays or composes music. ... Sur was a literary journal published in Buenos Aires. ...

Sachal Sarmast, Sami and Khalifo Nabi Bux Laghari are celebrate poets of the Talpur period in Sindh (1783-1843 A.D.). Sachal Sarmast comes a galaxy of great names in literature. Khalifo Nabi Bux is by far the greatest epic poet of Sindh. His description of patriotic pathos and the art of war defies words. Rohal, Sami, Bedil, Bekas, Misri Shah, Hammal Faqir, Dalpat Sufi, Sabit Ali Shah,Khair Shah, Fateh Faqir and Manthar Faqir Rajar are some of the more note-worthy poets of pre & early British era. Talpur is a Baloch tribe that conquered and ruled Sindh, and other parts of Pakistan, from 1783 to 1843 AD. Talpur army defeated Kalhora dynasty in the battle of Halani in 1783 to became rulers of Sindh. ... Sachal Sarmast (1739-1829) (Sindhi: سچلُ سرمستُ ) was a renowned Sindhi Sufi poet during the Kalhora era. ... NGC 4414, a typical spiral galaxy in the constellation Coma Berenices, is about 56,000 light years in diameter and approximately 60 million light years distant. ... Sami flag The Sami People (there are other names and spellings including Sámi, Saami and Lapp) are an indigenous people of northern Sweden, Norway, Finland and Russia, covering a total area in the Nordic countries corresponding to the size of Sweden. ... Mirza Abdul-Qader Bedil or Mirza Abdul-Qadir Bedil (1677-1720) was an Indian poet who was born in Balkh (present day Afganistan) and wrote primarily in Persian. ...

Like all language of the sub-continent, modern literature begin with the conquest of Sindh by the British in 1843 A.D. With them came the modern world to these shores. Printing press was introduced. Magazine and newspapers were brought about a revolution in Sindhi literature. Books were translated from various European languages and specially from English. People were hungry for knowledge and new forms of writing. The pace of literature can be judged from one single instance of Mirza Qaleech Beg who in the last two decades of the last century and the first two decades of the twentieth century, wrote more than 400 books---poetry, novels, short stories & essays etc. He also wrote on science, history, economics and politics. Thousands of books indeed were turned out at that time on all forms and facets of literature. Hakim Fateh Mohammad Sewhani, Kauromal Khilnani, Dayaram Gidumal, Parmanand Mewaram, Lalchand Amardinomal, Bheruamal Advani, Dr.Gurbuxani, Jhetmal Parsram, Sayaid Miran Mohammad Shah, Shamsuddin 'Bulbul' and Maulana Din Muhammad Wafai are some of the pioneers of modern literature in Sindhi language. Sindhi refers to an ethnic group of people originating in Sindh which is part of present day Pakistan. ... An essay is a short work of writing that treats a topic from an authors personal point of view. ... Face-to-face trading interactions among on the New York Stock Exchange trading floor Economics, as a social science, studies the production, distribution, and consumption of commodities. ... Politics is the process by which individuals or relatively small groups attempt to exert influence over the actions of an organization. ... A book is a collection of paper, parchment or other material with a piece of text written on them, bound together along one edge, usually within covers. ...

After the first world war, the social and economic scene of the world underwent a tremendous change. The aftermath of the war and the socialist revolution of Russia affected the literature of every country. Sindhi literature too was influenced by these trends. Creating new awakening in the minds of the people working in the field of literature. They began to translate the new social consciousness into artistic forms of literature. They were now more objective and less Romanists. Progressive thoughts opened the door for new trends in Sindhi literature. Socialism is a social and economic system (or the political philosophy advocating such a system) in which the economic means of production are owned and controlled collectively by the people. ... Look up trend, trendy in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... The words Romanism and Romanist are used in two different contexts. ... Progressivism is a term that refers to a broad school of contemporary international social and political philosophies. ...

Soon the struggle for freedom from the British also gathered momentum. This gave further momentum to literature. Consciousness about history and cultural heritage of Sindh served as a catalyst for research and intellectual upsurge. Great scholars like Allama I.I. Kazi, Dr. Daudpota, Pir Ali Muhammad Shah Rashidi, Pir Husamuddin Shah Rashidi, Maulana Din Mohammad Wafai, Chetan Mariwala, Jairamdas Daulatram, Bherumal, Mehar Chand Advani, Muhammad Ibrahim Joyo, Tirath Wasant and many others were producing learned treatises on various aspects of history, culture and other social subjects. Heritage can refer to: Cultural heritage Cultural traditions Heritage tourism Inheritance Kinship and descent Natural heritage A novel in the BBC Books series See also English Heritage UNESCO World Heritage Site This is a disambiguation page: a list of articles associated with the same title. ... Sindh (Sindhī: سنڌ, Urdū: سندھ) is one of the four provinces of Pakistan and is home to the Sindhis, and Muhajirs and various other groups. ... A scholar is either a student or someone who has achieved a mastery of some academic discipline, perhaps receiving financial support through a scholarship. ... The word culture, from the Latin colo, -ere, with its root meaning to cultivate, generally refers to patterns of human activity and the symbolic structures that give such activity significance. ... // The Unobservable Although the term social is a crucial category in social science and often used in public discourse, its meaning is often vague, suggesting that it is a fuzzy concept. ...

Mir Hasan Ali and Mir Abdul Hussain sangi, Khalifo Gul, Fazil Shah, Kasim, Hafiz Hamid, Mohammad Hashim, Mukhlis, Abojho, Surat Singh, Khaki, Qaleech Beg, Zia & Aziz were the pioneers of poetry in persian meter. It has been suggested that Khaki (color) be merged into this article or section. ... For the book by Scott ODell, see Zia (novel). ... Aziz, originally a Syriac word and name, is also an Arabic name, and spans other areas such as Russia. ... Pioneer may refer to: Woodsman, one who makes his living in the wilderness through trapping, hunting, logging, and/or prospecting Settler, one who has travelled from his or her homeland by choice to live in a new land or colony Mormon Pioneer, a members of the Church of Jesus Christ... The Chinese poem Quatrain on Heavenly Mountain by Emperor Gaozong (Song Dynasty) Poetry (from the Greek , poiesis, making or creating) is a form of art in which language is used for its aesthetic qualities in addition to, or in lieu of, its ostensible meaning. ...

But the modern form and content of Sindhi poetry were given a new impetus by 'Bewas', Hyder Bux Jatoi and Dukhayal. There have been innumerable poets who have composed verses in the same vein.

Novel and short story became the main forms for prose. Hundreds of novel and short stories were translated from the European and modern Indian languages. The second world war saw the emergence of novelists like Narain Das Bhambhani, Gobind Malhi, M: usman Deplai, Khaliq Morai and many others. A novel (from French nouvelle Italian novella, new) is an extended, generally fictional narrative in prose. ... This article is about the continent. ... Modern can simply mean something that is up-to-date, trendy, new, or from the present time. ... Map of South Asia in native languages. ... Antarctica Australia Africa Asia Europe North America South America Middle East Caribbean Central Asia East Asia North Asia South Asia Southeast Asia SW. Asia China Australasia Melanesia Micronesia Polynesia Central America Latin America Northern America Americas C. Africa E. Africa N. Africa Southern Africa W. Africa C. Europe E. Europe... The United States detonated an atomic bomb over Nagasaki on August 9, 1945. ... A novel (from French nouvelle Italian novella, new) is an extended, generally fictional narrative in prose. ...

Through out the thirties and the forties, the young writers experimented with new forms of prose as well as poetry. Free verses, Sonnets & ballets have been written side with the classical forms of poetry like Kafi, Vaee, Bait, Geet and Dohira etc. Young may refer to more than one place: Look up Young in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... The term writer can apply to anyone who creates a written work, but the word more usually designates those who write creatively or professionally, or those who have written in many different forms. ... Francesco Petrarca or Petrarch, one of the best-known of the early Italian sonnet writers For the Saab automobile, see Saab Sonett, for the Japanese communications company see So-net. ... Act 4 of Swan Lake: choreography by Petipa and Nureyev, music by Tchaikovsky. ... The word classical has several meanings: Pertaining to the societies of the classical antiquity, ancient Greece or Rome. ... Kafi is a classical form of poetry originating from the Punjab. ... Look up bait in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Geet (Hindi: गीत, Urdu: گیت ) is a word in several Indo-Aryan languages, deriving from the Sanskrit word geeta, which means a song or a poem. ...

See also

• Sindh
• Sindhi
• Indus valley
• Noori Jam Tamachi

Sindh (SindhÄ«: سنڌ, UrdÅ«: سندھ) is one of the four provinces of Pakistan and is home to the Sindhis, and Muhajirs and various other groups. ... Sindhi refers to an ethnic group of people originating in Sindh which is part of present day Pakistan. ... The Indus (सिन्‍धु नदी) (known as Sindhu in ancient times) is the principal river of Pakistan. ...

External links

• Sindhi literature magazine of Sindh - Sindhiana