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Encyclopedia > Singapore Army
Singapore Army

Components
Organisation
History and Traditions
Military history of Singapore
Equipment
Weapons of the Singapore Army
Personnel
Singapore Armed Forces ranks


The Singapore Army (Chinese: 新加坡陆军部队, Malay: Tentera Singapura) is the land force and one of the three services of the Singapore Armed Forces. Image File history File links Question_book-3. ... Image File history File links SAF_Crest_coloured. ... The Singapore Army (Chinese: 新加坡陆军部队, Malay: Tentera Singapura) is the land force and one of the three services of the Singapore Armed Forces. ... // After Singapores independence on 9 August 1965, strained ties with the two immediate neighbors, Malaysia and Indonesia made defense a high priority. ... The Singapore Army (Chinese: 新加坡陆军部队, Malay: Tentera Singapura) is the land force and one of the three services of the Singapore Armed Forces. ... The Singapore Armed Forces has a unified rank structure, with the identical rank names and insignia for Officer, Warrant Officers, Specialists, and enlisted men throughout the Army, Navy, and Air Force. ... Not to be confused with the Malayalam language, spoken in India. ... For other uses, see Army (disambiguation). ... The Singapore Armed Forces (abbreviation: SAF, Malay: Angkatan Bersenjata Singapura, Simplified Chinese: ) comprises three branches: the Singapore Army, the Republic of Singapore Air Force (RSAF) and the Republic of Singapore Navy (RSN). ...

Contents

Capabilities

US and Singapore soldiers enter a Stryker at the end of an exercise at Fort Wainwright.
US and Singapore soldiers enter a Stryker at the end of an exercise at Fort Wainwright.

The Singapore Army focuses on leveraging technology and weapon systems as "force-multipliers". It has some of the most advanced military hardware in the South-East Asia region.[citation needed] The Singapore Army is capable of conducting amphibious operations with a highly developed logistics force, across all three services of Army, Navy and Air Force, as seen in the relief work in Aceh after the 2004 Boxing Day Tsunami. Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 521 pixelsFull resolution‎ (3,008 × 1,960 pixels, file size: 3. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 521 pixelsFull resolution‎ (3,008 × 1,960 pixels, file size: 3. ... For other uses, see Stryker (disambiguation). ... It has been suggested that Ladd Army Airfield be merged into this article or section. ... A force multiplier is a military term referring to a factor that dramatically increases (hence multiplies) the combat effectiveness of a military force. ... Location of Southeast Asia Southeast Asia is a subregion of Asia. ... The tsunami caused by the December 26, 2004 earthquake strikes Ao Nang, Thailand. ...


Aside from hardware, the Singapore Army heavily invests in its "software". Largely made-up of tertiary-educated conscripts and professional regulars, the army has a good breed of soldiers, able to receive high levels of training, both in theory and practice.[citation needed]


To equip all soldiers with practical fighting experience, large-scale exercises, up to Division level are conducted several times a year, exposing almost every fighting unit to full-spectrum, full-scale war scenarios. Some of these exercises also involve the Air force and Navy, in order to familiarise its troops with its combined arms, tri-service operations. Due to space constraints, such exercises are usually conducted overseas unilaterally. Bilateral training and exchanges are also common between friendly nations. The Singapore Army also professionally conducts "tough, realistic and safe training in order to fulfill the Army’s mission."[citation needed]


The Singapore Army is currently undergoing the transformation into a 3rd Generation fighting force[1]. The SAF's evolution into its 3rd Generation involves combining advances in technology and training while using networking to integrate the tri-services into an integrated fighting force. This will provide even greater operational-readiness and flexibility during war and peace time.


Organisation

The Army is headed by the Chief of Army (COA), currently Major General Neo Kian Hong. Assisting him are the Chief of Staff-General Staff (COS-GS), Brigadier General Hugh Lim U Yang, and the Commander, Army Training and Doctrine Command. There are also six functional departments and an NS Affairs Department (NSAD) dealing with National Service issues, collectively known as the General Staff, an Inspectorate and an NS Affairs Department (NSAD) dealing with National Service issues. The six functional departments handle personnel, intelligence, operations, logistics, plans and training respectively. Each department is headed by an Assistant Chief of the General Staff (ACGS). Also advising the COA are the Senior Specialist Staff Officers (SSSOs): Infantry, Guards, Armour, Commando, Artillery, Engineers and Signals. Insignia of a United States Air Force Major General German Generalmajor Insignia Major General is a military rank used in many countries. ... It is proposed that this article be deleted, because of the following concern: Fails to assert notability, websearch produces 167 results, most of which are trivial, single-line coverage as a sidenote in an article on something else If you can address this concern by improving, copyediting, sourcing, renaming or... A Brigadier General, or one-star general, is the lowest rank of general officer in the United States and some other countries, ranking just above Colonel and just below Major General. ... National Service (NS) is the name given to the compulsory conscription in Singapore of all male Singaporean citizens and second-generation permanent residents upon reaching the age of 18. ...

 Chief of Army (COA) |_____________________________________________ | | | | |----- Chief of Staff - General Staff | | | | | ______________________________|____________________________________ | | | | | | | | ACGS ACGS ACGS ACGS ACGS ACGS | (Pers) (Int) (Ops) (Logs) (Plans) (Trg) | __________________________________________________________________________________|_______ | | | | | | | | | | | HQ Infantry HQ Guards | HQ Armour | HQ Commando | HQ Artillery | HQ Engineers HQ Signals | | | | Combined Arms PDF Commands Non-Divisional Army Operational Divisions Units Reserve Divisions 

Classification by Branches

The army consists of the following Combat Arms, which are integrated with one another to form the Divisional and Non-divisional assets:

These are bolstered by Combat Service Support Units which consist of the following: The Combat Engineers are highly versatile and skilled professionals capable of employing state-of-the-art machinery to deliver responsive engineer support to the Army. ... The Singapore Armed Forces Commando Formation is an elite branch of the Armed Forces of Singapore. ... A squad of Singapore Guards head towards a mock enemy facility. ... The Singapore Infantry Regiment is the main formation of the Singapore Army. ...

  • Army Intelligence
  • Army Medical Services
  • Army Maintenance and Engineering Support
  • Army Supply and Transport
  • Singapore Armed Forces Ammunition Command

Classification by divisional and non-divisional assets

Combined-Arms Divisions

The main components of the Army are its 3 active Combined-Arms Divisions: 3rd, 6th and 9th Div.[2] They include both active and reserve units, all of which can be mobilised in phases.


Each division comprises:

  • 1x Armoured Brigade (4 Armoured Battalions, 1 Engineers Company, 1 Signal Company, 1 Reconnaissance Company
  • 2 to 4x Infantry Brigade (3 Infantry Battalions, 1 Engineers Company, 1 Signal Company, 1 Reconnaissance Company)
  • 1x Signal Battalion
  • 1x Artillery Battalion
  • 1x Combat Engineers Battalion
  • 1x Air Defense Battalion

... SIGINT stands for SIGnals INTelligence, which is intelligence-gathering by interception of signals, whether by radio interception or other means. ... For other uses, see Artillery (disambiguation). ... A US army combat engineer setting up a communications cable. ... American troops man an anti-aircraft gun near the Algerian coastline in 1943 Anti-aircraft warfare, or air defense, is any method of combating military aircraft from the ground. ...

3rd Singapore Division

Organization:

  • 3rd Singapore Infantry Brigade (Nee Soon Camp)
    • 2 SIR, 5 SIR, 648 SIR
  • 5th Singapore Infantry Brigade (Tanjong Gul Camp)
  • 24th Singapore Infantry Brigade (Maju Camp
  • 30th Singapore Infantry Brigade
  • 8th Singapore Armoured Brigade (Keat Hong Camp)
  • 3rd Division Artillery (Amoy Quee Camp)
  • Logistics Field Support Group
  • 30th Combat Engineer Battalion (Jurong Camp III)
  • 46 SAR (Sungei Gedong Camp)
  • 3rd Signal Battalion (Jalan Bahar Camp)

Motto: "Foremost and Utmost"


6th Singapore Division

Organization:

  • 2nd Singapore Infantry Brigade (Mandai Hill Camp)
    • 1 SIR, 4 SIR
  • 9th Singapore Infantry Brigade
  • 54th Singapore Armour Brigade
  • 6th Division Artillery
  • 6th Division Command Support
  • 6th Division Engineers
    • 6 MCM, 324 SCE
  • 6th Divisional Air Defence Artillery Battalion
  • 6th Signal Battalion

Motto: "Swift and Deadly"


9th Singapore Division

Organization:

  • 10th Singapore Infantry Brigade (Pasir Ris Camp)
    • 3 SIR, 6 SIR
  • 12th Singapore Infantry Brigade (Mandai Camp II )
  • 56th Singapore Armoured Brigade (Selerang Camp)
    • 431 SAR, 432 SAR, 433 SAR, 465 SAR
  • 9th Division Artillery
  • 9 Divisional Support Command (Selerang Camp)
  • 9th Signal Battalion (Selarang Camp)

Motto: "Forging Ahead"


Other Divisions

21st Division

The 21st Division is essentially a Rapid Deployment Force composed of the Guards. They are an elite group of Infantry trained for rapid deployment in both Amphibious and Heli-bourne Assault. Naturally the Armoured and Artillery component of this is assumed to be lightweight and comparitively manuevarable. Therefore one can assume that the division includes lightweight artillery such as the SLWH Pegasus as well as fast-travelling vehicles such as the Light Strike Vehicle and possibly the Bionix IFV. However not much is known about this Division except that it employs the Rapid-Deployment and Forward-Defence Military Doctrines.


Organization:

  • 7th Singapore Infantry Brigade
    • 1st Guards (amphibious), 2nd Guards, 3rd Guards(heli-bourne)
  • 13th Singapore Infantry Brigade
    • Three Guards Battalions
  • 15th Singapore Infantry Brigade
    • Three Guards Battalions
  • 42nd Singapore Armoured Regiment
  • Divisional Artillery
  • 21st Signal Battalion
  • 21st Divisional Support Command
  • 18th Divisional Air Defense Artillery Battalion
  • 1 x Combat Engineers Battalion

Note: Of the 13th and 15th SIB, 1 brigade is heli-bourne and the other is amphibious


Guards Motto: "Ready to Strike"


2 People's Defence Force

The People's Defence Force initially epitomized Singapore's resolve to take charge of its own defences in the early years of independence.[citation needed] Since then it has grown, and today 2 PDF is responsible for the 24/7[citation needed] protection of key installations and for coordinating military resources to assist Homefront agencies in civil emergencies, with the HQ manned round the clock to provide an effective and efficient response to incidents island-wide.[citation needed]


Organization:

  • HQ 2 PDF (Clementi Camp)
  • HQ 21 Singapore Infantry Brigade (Bedok Camp)
  • HQ 22 Singapore Infantry Brigade (Nee Soon Camp)
  • HQ 26 Singapore Infantry Brigade (Mandai Camp)
  • HQ 27 Singapore Infantry Brigade (Jurong Camp III)
  • HQ 29 Singapore Infantry Brigade (Kaki Bukit Camp)
  • HQ 32 Singapore Infantry Brigade
  • 2 PDF Training Centre (Clementi Camp)
  • 6 Singapore Infantry Regiment (Maju Camp)

Motto: Steadfast We Stand and Steadfast We Will Deliver


25th Division

A NS reservist command. There are suspected divisions such as the 25th Division, which are entirely made up of former conscripts in reserve status. Little are known about these Divisions.


Organization:

  • 11th Singapore Infantry Brigade
  • 14th Singapore Infantry Brigade
  • 63rd Singapore Infantry Brigade
  • 65th Singapore Infantry Brigade
  • 76th Singapore Infantry Brigade
  • Possible 25th Divisional Support Command (Unknown)
  • Possible Armoured Elements (Unknown)
  • Possible Artillery Elements (Unknown)
  • Possible Air Defence Elements (Unknown)
  • Possible Signal Elements (Unknown)

32nd Division

Tim Huxley, writing in the book "Defending the Lion City", wrote that 'the reorganisations of 1991 and 1995 left one armoured brigade, 4 SAB, outside the divisional structure, prompting speculation that it had been earmarked to form the core of a planned mechanised formation, sometimes referred to as 32nd Division. However if this division was indeed established during the 1990s, at the end of the decade's end it remains under wraps.'[3]


Non-divisional units

Motto: "Honour and Glory" Military intelligence (abbreviated MI, int. ... The Singapore Armed Forces Commando Formation is an elite branch of the Armed Forces of Singapore. ...

  • Unknown number of elite "Special Operations Forces (SOF)" trained by United States Special Forces Operational Detachment- DELTA Force and Naval Diving Units whose members undergo training conducted by the United States Navy SEALS.[citation needed]

Motto: "We Dare" SOF exhibition booth displaying their equipment during the National Day Parade celebrations of 2005 at Marina South The Special Operations Force (SOF) is part of the Singapore Armys Commandos arm. ...

  • 1x Aggressor Company - Under TRADOC/ATEC, this Company bases itself on the Aggressor Orbat and varies slightly from the normal Infantry Company, with a platoon specialising in Armour Simulation using normal vehicles. They are the Red Force for ATEC evaluations. Also known as OPFOR.[citation needed]
  • 1x Medical Response Force Unit (MRF) - Counter Chemical and Biological Warfare Unit (Approximately Large Company Sized)

Photo Gallery

Equipment

Type Quantity
Main Battle Tanks ~156
Leopard 2A4 (120mm Rheinmetall L44 main gun) 66 (66 active plus 30 spares) [4]
Centurion Mk 3/Mk 7 (105mm L7 main gun) ~60 [5]
Light Tanks ~372
AMX-13SM1 ~350
AMX-10PAC90 22
Mechanized Infantry Combat Vehicles / IFVs ~1122
AMX-10P 22
Bionix II (30mm Bushmaster II chain gun/New armour) ~200
Bionix 25 (25mm Bushmaster chain gun) ~300
Bionix 40/50 (40mm AGL + 0.5in HMG) ~300
Terrex AV-81 300 (On order)
Armoured Personnel Carriers/Reconnaissance Vehicles ~1000
M113A2 ULTRA 40/50 (40mm AGL + 0.5in HMG) ~700
M113A2 ULTRA OWS (25mm M242 Bushmaster autocannon) ~300
Multiple Rocket Launchers 18
HIMARS 18 (On order)
Mortars ~62
81 mm ?
120 mm Soltam M-65 50 (Currently in storage)[6]
160 mm Soltam M-66 12 (Currently in storage)[6]
Howitzers ~330
25 pounder Mk II ? (Ceremonial gun)
Soltam M-68 155 mm Towed Howitzer ? (Currently in storage)[6]
Soltam M-71 155 mm Towed Howitzer 38 (Currently in storage)[6]
M-114A1 155 mm Towed Howitzer 16 (Currently in storage)[6]
FH-88 155 mm/39-Cal Towed Howitzer 54 (Currently in storage)
FH-2000 155 mm/52-Cal Towed Howitzer 54
GIAT LG1 105 mm Towed Howitzer 60 (Phasing out end 2008)
SSPH Primus 155 mm/39-Cal Self-Propelled Howitzer (SSPH-1) 54
SLWH Pegasus 155 mm Heli-portable Lightweight Howitzer 54
Armoured Engineers 44
FV180 Combat Engineer Tractor 24
M60 Armoured Vehicle Launched Bridge (AVLB) 12
M728 CEV -165mm Demolition Gun 8
Aardvark JSFU Mine clearance vehicle ?
Field Engineers ?
Vehicle Launched Bridge (VLB) ?
Foldable Longspan Bridge (FLB) ?
Projected Line Charge (PLC) ?
Bionix Launched Bridge ?
Bridging Engineers
M3G Bridge ?
All-Terrain Tracked Vehicles ~800
Bronco ATTC (GPMG armed/120mm Super-Rapid Mortar) ~500
Bandvagn 206 (GPMG armed) 300
Anti-Tank Rockets/Missiles ~4000
SPIKE-LR MANPACK 300
Matador ~3000
Guards Vehicles 400
Spike LSV with Twin SPIKE ATGM 200
Spider LSV 200
Direct Fire Weapons ~400,000
SAR-21 >150,000
M16S1 M16 variant produced locally under license; similar to the M16A1 >200,000
CAR-15 Carbine version of the M-16 (Converting to SAR-21) >5,000
M203 40 mm GL >20,000
Ultimax 100 >20,000
FN MAG 7.62 mm General Purpose Machine Gun >10,000
CIS 12.7 mm HMG >3,000
Sig-Sauer P226 9 mm Pistol ?
H&K MP-5N 9 mm SMG >2,000
FN P90 5.7 mm SMG ~500
FN Five-Seven 5.7 mm Pistol ~500
PGM Mini-Hecate 8.6 mm Long-Range Sniper Rifle ~100
H&K PSG-1
Accuracy International L96A1
Accuracy International L115A1
Steyr SSG 69

The US M1A1 Abrams tank is a typical modern main battle tank. ... The Leopard 2 is a German main battle tank built by the German company Krauss-Maffei-Wegmann, developed in the early 1970s and first entering service in 1979, replacing the earlier Leopard 1 as the foremost MBT in the Bundeswehr. ... The Centurion was the primary British Main Battle Tank of the immediate post-war era, and considered by many to be one of the best British tank designs of all time. ... The US M1A1 Abrams tank is a typical modern main battle tank. ... Design work on the AMX-13 light tank began in 1946 at the Atelier de Construction dIssy-les-Moulineaux and the first prototype was completed two years later. ... The AMX 10 P is a French armoured personnel carrier. ... Mechanized infantry are infantry troops that use armoured fighting vehicles for transport and as heavy weapons support in combat. ... A Warrior vehicle with UN markings, on the making of the eponymous film. ... The AMX 10 P is a French infantry fighting vehicle. ... The Bionix AFV (Armoured Fighting Vehicle) was commissioned by the Singapore Armed Forces (SAF) in 1997. ... The Bionix AFV (Armoured Fighting Vehicle) was commissioned by the Singapore Armed Forces (SAF) in 1997. ... The Bionix AFV (Armoured Fighting Vehicle) was commissioned by the Singapore Armed Forces (SAF) in 1997. ... The Terrex AV-81 is an armoured fighting vehicle developed by Singapore Technologies. ... Armoured personnel carriers (APCs) are armoured fighting vehicles developed to transport infantry on the battlefield. ... M577 redirects here. ... M577 redirects here. ... BM-13 Katyusha RM-70 of the Polish Army A multiple rocket launcher is a type of unguided rocket artillery system, in use since the Second World War. ... HIMARS carry a six-pack of rockets or one ATACMS missile on the US Armys new FMTV five-ton truck, and can launch the entire MLRS family of munitions. ... US soldier loading a M224 60-mm mortar. ... 19th century 12 pounder (5 kg) mountain howitzer displayed by the National Park Service at Fort Laramie in Wyoming, USA A howitzer is a type of artillery piece that is characterized by a relatively short barrel and the use of comparatively small explosive charges to propel projectiles at trajectories with... The Ordnance QF 25 pounder (or just 25-pounder or 25-pdr) was the major British field gun/howitzer that was introduced into service just before World War II to replace the 18 pounder Gun and 4. ... Part of the ceremony of the Changing of the Guard in Whitehall, London. ... M114 155 mm howitzer Nationality United States Type Howitzer Date of design 1942 Caliber 155 mm Barrel length 3. ... Field Howitzer 2000 Developed by Singapore Technologies for Singapore Army 155mm/52-calibre Towed gun Max range of 42km, field tested in New Zealand low-powered self-propelled engine for 10km/h movement without towing Equips at least 4 active and possibly some reserve battalions of the Singapore Army No... Cannons and salespeople Leclerc main battle tank THL-30 helicopter gun turret Nexter (formerly known as GIAT Industries or Groupement des Industries de lArmée de Terre, Armys Industries Group) is a French Government-owned corporation weapon manufacturer. ... The LG1 is a modern towed howitzer in service with the Military of Canada . ... The Singapore Self-Propelled Howitzer 1 (SSPH 1) Primus is a self-propelled artillery unit armed with a 155 mm howitzer. ... The Singapore Light Weight Howitzer (SLWH) Pegasus is a heli-transportable, towed artillery unit. ... The Combat Engineer Tractor is a specialist armoured vehicle of the British Army. ... An M60A1 Armored Vehicle Launched Bridge (AVLB), deploying its scissors-type bridge. ... The M728 Combat Engineer Vehicle (CEV) is a combat engineering vehicle of the United States Army, consisting of an M60A1 tank with a dozer blade mounted on the front, and an A-frame crane hinged on each side of the turret. ... Tracked Mk4. ... US Marines in a Norwegian Bv 206 travelling through snow Diagram of the Bv 206 Bandvagn 206 (Bv 206) is a tracked, all-terrain vehicle developed by Hägglunds (now part of BAE Land Systems) in conjunction with the Swedish Army. ... Spike is a fourth generation anti-tank guided missile developed by the Israeli company Rafael. ... The MATADOR LAW MATADOR is an unguided tube launched rocket developed by Singapore. ... The SAR-21 (Singapore Assault Rifle - 21st Century) is a bullpup assault rifle designed and manufactured in Singapore. ... M16 (more formally United States Rifle, Caliber 5. ... CAR-15 is a common name applied to many carbine variants of the Colt AR-15 rifle (adopted by the USA as the M16 rifle) in both military and civilian service. ... M203 generally refers to the United States Army designation for a single shot 40 mm grenade launcher that attaches to the M16 assault rifle or the M4 Carbine. ... This article or section cites very few or no references or sources. ... The FN MAG (or MAG-58) is a machine gun manufactured by Fabrique Nationale (FN), Belgium. ... P226 The Schweizerische Industrie Gesellschaft (SIG)-Sauer P226 is a full-sized, service type pistol originally chambered for 9mm Luger. ... The MP5 is a 9 mm submachine gun of German design, developed in the 1960s by a group of engineers from the West German arms manufacturer Heckler & Koch GmbH (HK). ... “P90” redirects here. ... The Five-seveN is a semi-automatic pistol manufactured by Fabrique Nationale de Herstal (FNH). ... The PSG-1 (Präzisions-Scharfschützen-Gewehr, German for precision sharpshooter rifle) is a semi-automatic sniper rifle designed by the German company Heckler & Koch. ... The Accuracy International Arctic Warfare rifle is a family of bolt-action sniper rifles designed and manufactured by the British company Accuracy International. ... The AWM (Arctic Warfare Magnum) is a sniper rifle manufactured by Accuracy International. ... The SSG 69 is a bolt-action sniper rifle produced by Steyr Mannlicher and serves as the standard sniper rifle for the Austrian Army. ...

See also

The Singapore Armed Forces (abbreviation: SAF, Malay: Angkatan Bersenjata Singapura, Simplified Chinese: ) comprises three branches: the Singapore Army, the Republic of Singapore Air Force (RSAF) and the Republic of Singapore Navy (RSN). ... The Republic of Singapore Air Force (RSAF, Chinese: 新加坡空军部队; Malay Angkatan Udara Republik Singapura) is the air force branch of the Singapore Armed Forces, established in 1968 as the Singapore Air Defence Command (SADC). ... The Republic of Singapore Navy (Abbreviation: RSN; Chinese: 新加坡共和国海军部队; Malay: Angkatan Laut Republik Singapura) is the navy of the Singapore Armed Forces (SAF), responsible for the defence of Singapore against sea-borne threats and protection of its sea lines of communications. ... SOF exhibition booth displaying their equipment during the National Day Parade celebrations of 2005 at Marina South The Special Operations Force (SOF) is part of the Singapore Armys Commandos arm. ... The Singapore Armed Forces has a unified rank structure, with the identical rank names and insignia for Officer, Warrant Officers, Specialists, and enlisted men throughout the Army, Navy, and Air Force. ...

In popular culture

Television programs

is the 70th day of the year (71st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the Jimi Hendrix song, see 1983. ... Honour and Passion (Simplified Chinese: 宝家为国, Traditional Chinese: 寶家為國) is a Singapore Chinese drama which was telecast on Singapores free-to-air channel, MediaCorp TV Channel 8. ... is the 205th day of the year (206th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ...

Films

Army Daze is a Singaporean film made in 1996. ...

References

  1. ^ The 3rd Generation SAF. MINDEF.
  2. ^ See also http://www.geocities.com/mindef123/Army.html, and Huxley, Defending the Lion City, 2000, p.123-6
  3. ^ Tim Huxley, Defending the Lion City, Allen & Unwin, 2000, p.127. Huxley's source note on 32nd Division appears to refer to an article by defence journalist Prasun Sengupta (1992, p.76), but Huxley's bibliography is incomplete.
  4. ^ The Leopard 2A4 Main Battle Tank: More Bite and Firepower for Our Armour. Retrieved on 2008-03-01.
  5. ^ Christopher Langton (Editor). The Military Balance 2005-2006 (Military Balance). New York: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-37393-X. , page 296. This covers the numbers, not the gun replacement and new codename.
  6. ^ a b c d e Singapore artillery pieces. United States, Library Of Congress.

2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance to the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 60th day of the year (61st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

External links

  • Singapore Army Official Website
  • Singapore Army Offical Ranks Website
  • Ranks and Paramilitary Ranks of Singapore, accessed 23 Oct 2006.
This cites very few or no references or sources. ... The Singapore Armed Forces Football Club (SAFFC) is a professional soccer club which plays in Singapores S.League. ... Crest of SMTI The SAF Medical Training Institute (Abbreviation: SMTI, Malay: Institusi Latihan Perubatan Angkatan Bersenjata Singapura, Simplified Chinese: 新加坡武装部队医疗训练学院) has been the home and the cradle of the Singapore Armed Forces (SAF) medic since its early days as the Medical Orderlies Training School (1966-1968) and the School of Military... SAFMPC providing security coverage at the Padang during the National Day Parade in 2000. ... The Singapore Armed Forces Parachute Team (SAFPT) is most well-known for its free fall displays at the annual National Day Parade held in Singapore since its first appearance in 1989 as a formalised team, as opposed to sporadic displays since the 1970s by members of the Singapore Commandos Formation. ... The National Cadet Corps (NCC) is one of the most established uniformed youth organisations in Singapore. ... National Service (NS) is the name given to the compulsory conscription in Singapore of all male Singaporean citizens and second-generation permanent residents upon reaching the age of 18. ...

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