Singapore Changi Airport (IATA: SIN, ICAO: WSSS) (Malay: Lapangan Terbang Changi Singapura; simplified Chinese: 新加坡樟宜机场; pinyin: Xīnjiāpō Zhāngyí Jīchǎng; Tamil: சிங்கப்பூர் சாங்கி விமானநிலையம) or simply Changi Airport, is a major aviation hub in Asia, particularly in the Southeast Asian region, and is the main airport in Singapore. Located in Changi on a site of 13 square kilometres (5.0 sq mi), it is about 17.2 kilometres (10.7 mi) north-east from the commercial centre.^[2] An IATA airport code, also known an IATA location identifier, IATA station code or simply a location identifier [1], is a three-letter code designating many airports around the world, defined by the International Air Transport Association (IATA). ... The ICAO (IPA pronunciation: ) airport code or location indicator is a four-letter alphanumeric code designating each airport around the world. ... The Government of Singapore is formed by the political party which gains a 50% majority in the general elections held in Singapore at least once every five years. ... The Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore (Chinese: 新加坡民航局, Pinyin: XÄ«njÄ«apō Mínghángjú), contrasted by the popularised logo and initials of CAAS, is Singapores Civil Aviation Authority and a statutory board under the Ministry of Transport. ... The Republic of Singapore Air Force (RSAF, Chinese: 新加坡空军部队; Malay Angkatan Udara Republik Singapura) is the air force branch of the Singapore Armed Forces, established in 1968 as the Singapore Air Defence Command (SADC). ... Changi International Airport Sunset at Changi Beach Changi is an area to the east of Singapore. ... The East Region consists of the 6 other planning areas. ... The term above mean sea level (AMSL) refers to the elevation (on the ground) or altitude (in the air) of any object, relative to the average sea level. ... This article is about the unit of length. ... A foot (plural: feet or foot;[1] symbol or abbreviation: ft or, sometimes, ′ – a prime) is a unit of length, in a number of different systems, including English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. ... Map of Earth showing lines of latitude (horizontally) and longitude (vertically), Eckert VI projection; large version (pdf, 1. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... This article is about the unit of length. ... A foot (plural: feet or foot;[1] symbol or abbreviation: ft or, sometimes, ′ – a prime) is a unit of length, in a number of different systems, including English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. ... This article is about the construction material. ... The term asphalt is often used as an abbreviation for asphalt concrete. ... Aeronautical Information Publication (or AIP) is defined by ICAO as a publication issued by or with the authority of a state and containing aeronautical information of a lasting character essential to air navigation. ... An IATA airport code, also known an IATA location identifier, IATA station code or simply a location identifier [1], is a three-letter code designating many airports around the world, defined by the International Air Transport Association (IATA). ... The ICAO (IPA pronunciation: ) airport code or location indicator is a four-letter alphanumeric code designating each airport around the world. ... Not to be confused with the Malayalam language, spoken in India. ... Simplified Chinese character (Simplified Chinese: or ; traditional Chinese: or ; pinyin: or ) is one of two standard sets of Chinese characters of the contemporary Chinese written language. ... Pinyin, more formally called Hanyu Pinyin (Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; Pinyin: ), is the most common variant of Standard Mandarin romanization system in use. ... Tamil ( ; IPA ) is a Dravidian language spoken predominantly by Tamils in India and Sri Lanka, with smaller communities of speakers in many other countries. ... For other uses, see Asia (disambiguation). ... Location of Southeast Asia Southeast Asia is a subregion of Asia. ... Changi International Airport Sunset at Changi Beach Changi is an area to the east of Singapore. ... “km” redirects here. ... “Miles” redirects here. ...

The airport is operated by the Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore (CAAS) and is the home base of Singapore Airlines, Singapore Airlines Cargo, SilkAir, Tiger Airways, Jetstar Asia Airways, Valuair, and Jett8 Airlines Cargo. It is a hub for Garuda Indonesia and a secondary hub for Qantas, which uses Singapore as the main stopover point for flights on the Kangaroo Route between Australia and Europe, the later being the largest foreign airline to operate from the airport with over two million passengers handled annually^[3] As of April 2008, there are about 4,340 weekly flights operated by 80 airlines to over 188 cities in 59 countries. An important contributor to the Singapore economy, 13,000 people are employed at the airport. The airport accounts for over S$4.5 billion in output. The Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore (Chinese: 新加坡民航局, Pinyin: Xīnjīapō Mínghángjú), contrasted by the popularised logo and initials of CAAS, is Singapores Civil Aviation Authority and a statutory board under the Ministry of Transport. ... Singapore Airlines Boeing 747-400 9V-SPA takes off from London Heathrow Airport bound for Singapore Changi Airport. ... Singapore Airlines Cargo (SIA Cargo), the fully owned subsidiary of Singapore Airlines and incorporated in 1 July 2001, is the worlds third biggest cargo airline in terms of international freight tonne kilometres (FTK). ... SilkAir (Singapore) Private Limited is an airline based in Singapore. ... Tiger Airways Private Limited is a low-cost airline based in Singapore, with its primary hub at Singapore Changi Airport. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Jetstar_Airways. ... Valuair Limited (Chinese: 惠旅航空; Thai: แวลูแอร์) is a Singapore-based budget airline. ... Jett8 Airlines Cargo is a start-up cargo airline based in Singapore. ... An airline hub is an airport that an airline uses as a transfer point to get passengers to their intended destination. ... PT (Persero) Perusahaan Penerbangan Garuda Indonesia, abbreviated to Garuda Indonesia, is the national airline of Indonesia. ... Qantas Airways Limited (IPA: ) is the national airline of Australia. ... The Kangaroo Route is a term trademarked by Qantas[1] to denote passenger airline flights between Australia and the United Kingdom, via the Eastern Hemisphere. ... The Economy of Singapore is a highly developed and successful free market economy in which the state plays a minimal role, although government entities such as the sovereign wealth fund Temasek control corporations responsible for 60% of GDP. It has an open business environment, relatively corruption-free and transparent, stable... ISO 4217 Code SGD User(s) Singapore, Brunei Inflation 1% Source The World Factbook, 2006 est. ...

In 2007, the airport handled a record 36,701,556 passengers, a 4.8% increase over the 2006 fiscal year.^[4] This made it the 19th busiest airport in the world and the fifth busiest in Asia by passenger traffic in 2007. In addition to being an important passenger traffic hub, the airport is one of the busiest cargo airports in the world, handling 1.89 million tonnes of cargo in 2007.^[4]. Incentives like the Air Hub Development Fund, first introduced in 2003, have proven effective in attracting airlines here. A new S$300 million fund to strengthen Changi's hub status will start in 2007 when the S$210 million fund expires in 2006. The new S$1.75 billion Terminal 3 opened on 9 January 2008,^[5][6] and Terminal 1 will be upgraded along the lines of the renovated Terminal 2, with the latter costing S$240 million. Changi has been courting both premium and budget travellers with the opening of a commercially important persons terminal by JetQuay and a S$45 million Budget Terminal in 2006. The thirty worlds busiest airports by passenger traffic are measured by number of total passengers (data provided by Airports Council International). ... The thirty worlds busiest airports by cargo traffic for various periods (data provided by Airports Council International). ... is the 9th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance to the Gregorian calendar. ...

Since its opening in 1981, the airport has made its mark in the aviation industry as a benchmark for service excellence, winning over 280 awards in a 20-year period from 1987 to 2007.^[7] and with 19 Best Airport awards won in 2007 alone^[4] Changi Airport's efforts to counter the onset of age include periodic physical upgrades to its existing terminals, building of new facilities and taking steps to provide a high level of customer service.^[8]

History

Departure hall of Terminal 1

Growth in the global aviation transport was felt in Singapore, where Singapore International Airport at Paya Lebar, Singapore's third main civilian airport after Seletar Airport (main airport from 1930-37, still in use today for private aviation and limited commercial flights) and Kallang Airport (1937-55), was facing congestion problems. Opened in 1955 with a single runway and a small passenger terminal, its inability to cope with the rising traffic became critical by the 1970s, when passenger numbers rose dramatically from 300,000 to 1,700,000 passengers annually in 1970 and 4,000,000 annually in 1975. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1600x1200, 645 KB) Summary Singapore Changi Airport, Terminal 1, Departure Hall Taken by User:Sengkang of ENglish. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1600x1200, 645 KB) Summary Singapore Changi Airport, Terminal 1, Departure Hall Taken by User:Sengkang of ENglish. ... Paya Lebar Airbase (Simplified Chinese: 巴耶利峇空军基地; Malay: Pangkalan Udara Paya Lebar) (IATA: QPG, ICAO: WSAP) was built as a civilian airport, known as Singapore International Airport, in 1955. ... Paya Lebar is an area in the central-eastern part of Singapore. ... Seletar Airport (IATA: XSP, ICAO: WSSL) (Chinese: 实里达机场) was Singapores first international airport. ... Private Aviation Private aviation encompasses everything from large corporate jets all the way down to the individual who owns and operates their own small aircraft, such as a Cessna or Cirrus SR-22. ... The Kallang Airport (Chinese: 加冷机场), also known as the Kallang Aerodrome, opened on 1937 as Singapores first purpose-built civil airport, together with a anchorage for seaplanes. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... An airport terminal is a building at an airport where passengers transfer from ground transportation to the facilities that allow them to board airplanes. ...

The government had two options available: expand the existing airport at Paya Lebar or build a completely new airport at another location. After extensive study, a decision was made in 1972 to keep the airport at Paya Lebar as recommended by a British aviation consultant. Plans were created for the building of a second runway and an extensive redevelopment and expansion to the passenger terminal building. A year later, however, the plans were reviewed again due to the 1973 oil crisis. The 1973 oil crisis began on October 17, 1973, when the members of Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries (OAPEC, consisting of the Arab members of OPEC plus Egypt and Syria) announced, as a result of the ongoing Yom Kippur War, that they would no longer ship oil to nations...

Concerned that the existing airport was located in an area with potential for urban growth which would physically hem it in on all sides and limit its physical growth, the government subsequently decided in 1975 to build a new airport at the eastern tip of the main island at Changi at the site of Changi Air Base that was renamed from RAF Changi post-independence, and in turn renamed Changi Airbase (West), where the new airport would be easily expandable by land reclamation. However, the airport still had to be expanded during that period of time as there was an increase in traffic at that time. In addition, airplanes could fly over the sea, avoiding noise pollution issues within residential areas like those at Paya Lebar and helping to avoid disastrous consequences on the ground in the event of an air mishap. The airport in Paya Lebar was subsequently converted for military use as the Paya Lebar Airbase. RAF Changi is a former Royal Air Force station in Singapore. ... The Changi Airbase (West) is the new name of Changi Airbase, renamed since the opening of Changi Airbase (East) on 29 November 2004. ... Land reclamation is either of two distinct practices. ... Paya Lebar Airbase (Simplified Chinese: 巴耶利峇空军基地; Malay: Pangkalan Udara Paya Lebar) (IATA: QPG, ICAO: WSAP) was built as a civilian airport, known as Singapore International Airport, in 1955. ...

Construction

The airport was one of the largest single development projects in its history. Land-reclamation works involving over 52,000,000 square metres (559,700,000 sq ft) of landfill and seafill began in June 1975, even as the airport at Paya Lebar was still in the midst of expansion works. About 2 km² (0.77 sq mi) of swamp land was cleared and filled with 12,000,000 m² (129,200,000 sq ft) of earth from the nearby hills, while another 40,000,000 m² (430,600,000 sq ft) of sand from the seabed were used to reclaim land. The contractor was PentaOcean Construction (五洋建設), a Japanese construction firm directly involved in numerous land reclamation projects in Singapore. Canals were built to drain water from three rivers, Sungei Tanah Merah Besar, Sungei Ayer Gemuroh and Sungei Mata Ikan. In total, 8.7 km² (3.4 sq mi) were reclaimed, raising the total site area to 13 km² (5.0 sq mi). Of this, landfill accounted for 2 km² (0.77 sq mi) while seafill represented 6.7 km² (2.6 sq mi).^[9] The construction also demolished 558 buildings, exhuming around 4,100 graves, a 38.1 centimetres (15 in) gun emplacement at Changi, and diverting the three streams to the western side of the former Royal Air Force runway, which was to be used for the new 4,000 metres (13,123 ft) runway. All of these works were completed in May 1977. From 1977 to 1979, it was used to pile-drive the foundation of Terminal 1 and other buildings as well. The foundation stone for Terminal 1 was laid in August 1979. The 78 m (260 ft) high control tower is built on reclaimed land, with its design becoming an icon for the airport. The original name of the control tower was "Aitropolis", but was seldom used. The column-free hangar with an area almost as large as the Padang could hold three Boeing 747s. Its roof was constructed in Batam, and was shipped to Singapore in four separate sections by barge. A special jetty was built on the coast to obtain fuel from the Western Islands by shipping it round the coast. The fuel is pumped for a mile to the airport fuel station run by six oil companies on the north-eastern perimeter. The pipelines then leads to all the parking bays through a pipe some 5 m (16 ft) below ground level.^[10] Look up Dump in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Land reclamation is either of two distinct practices. ... A centimetre (American spelling centimeter, symbol cm) is a unit of length that is equal to one hundredth of a metre, the current SI base unit of length. ... An inch (plural: inches; symbol or abbreviation: in or, sometimes, ″ - a double prime) is the name of a unit of length in a number of different systems, including English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. ... RAF redirects here. ... A pneumatic crane working as a pile driver. ... Shallow foundations of a house A foundation is a structure that transfers loads to the ground. ... Look up cornerstone in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... The control tower at Schiphol airport. ... A cutaway diagram of a hangar. ... An aerial view of Singapore, showing the Padang on the right, surrounded by Singapore Parliament building, new and old Supreme Court building and Swissôtel The Stamford. ... The Boeing 747, sometimes nicknamed the Jumbo Jet,[4][5] is a long-haul, widebody commercial airliner manufactured by Boeing in the United States. ... The Batam island in the Riau Islands Province of Indonesia, known for a free trade zone as a part of the Sijori Growth Triangle, is located 20 km (12. ... Alternate meanings: See Jetty (web server) Alternate meanings: See Jettying in buildings The term jetty, derived from the French jetie, and therefor signifying something thrown out, is applied to a variety of structures employed in river, dock and maritime works which are generally carried out in pairs from river banks... Western Islands may refer to the: Western Islands in Georgian Bay, Ontario, Canada Western Islands, West Region, Singapore Western Islands in the Kedges Straits, Somerset County, Maryland, United States Outer Hebrides, Scotland, United Kingdom Category: ...

The first phase costing about S$1.3 billion opened on 1 July 1981 with the first flight, Singapore Airlines Flight 101, touching down at 0700 hours Zulu with 140 passengers from Kuala Lumpur.^[11] Officially opened with much fanfare five months later on 29 December 1981, the airport had 34 airlines operating 1,200 scheduled flights each week connecting Singapore to 67 cities in 43 countries.^[12] It ended its first year operations with 8.1 million passengers, 193,000 tonnes of air freight handled and 63,100 aircraft movements.^[13] is the 182nd day of the year (183rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... AUGUST 25 1981 US Marine Sean Vance is Born on the 25th of August {ear nav|1981}} Year 1981 (MCMLXXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link displays the 1981 Gregorian calendar). ... UTC redirects here. ... Nickname: Motto: Maju dan makmur (English: Progress and Prosper) Location in Malaysia Coordinates: , Country State Establishment 1857 Granted city status 1974 Government  - Mayor (Datuk Bandar) Datuk Abdul Hakim Borhan From 14 December 2006 Area  - Total 243. ... is the 363rd day of the year (364th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... AUGUST 25 1981 US Marine Sean Vance is Born on the 25th of August {ear nav|1981}} Year 1981 (MCMLXXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link displays the 1981 Gregorian calendar). ...

Despite the airport opening in 1981, some sections were not fully completed. The big aircraft hangar was only completed in 1982, and the first runway was fully completed only in 1983. It was then when the now defunct government department, the Public Works Department then decided to focus on the construction of the second runway on the reclaimed land east of the Terminal 1. The sections of phase 2 opened progressively over the next few years with the completion of a second runway as well as other facilities. In 1985, the construction work on Terminal 2 started, south of Terminal 1. Terminal 2 was completed in 1989, and was opened in November 1990 with its official opening on June 1, 1991 by Prime Minister Goh Chok Tong. The opening of the second terminal was way ahead of passenger demand.^[10] is the 152nd day of the year (153rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1991 (MCMXCI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar. ... The Priminster of Singa pyohbsdg vjhd|Lee Kuan Yew||3 June 1959 || 28 November 1990 || 1968 GE 94. ... This is a Chinese name; the family name is Goh Goh Chok Tong (Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; Pinyin: ; Hokkien: Gô· Chok-tòng; born May 20, 1941), was the second Prime Minister of the Republic of Singapore from November 28, 1990 to August 12, 2004, succeeding Lee Kuan Yew. ...

Expansion

The first commerically used A380, Singapore Airlines 9V-SKA, parked at Terminal 2

Brightly-lit check-in counters at Terminal 3; the round holes are the air-conditioning vents—they are placed at a lower level to diffuse cool air more efficiently.

The airport has a development policy of always building years ahead of demand to help to avoid congestion problems common in major airports and maintain high service standards. While the original master plan details plans for two passenger terminals, there have been provisions to provide for long-term expansion initiatives, including the allocation of space for a third terminal planned to have a physical configuration mirroring that of Terminal 2. Singapore Airlines Boeing 747-400 9V-SPA takes off from London Heathrow Airport bound for Singapore Changi Airport. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution‎ (2,048 × 1,536 pixels, file size: 663 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) I, the copyright holder of this work, hereby grant the permission to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution‎ (2,048 × 1,536 pixels, file size: 663 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) I, the copyright holder of this work, hereby grant the permission to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of...

Construction of this terminal, Terminal 3,^[14] began in 1999, at an estimated cost of about S$1.75 billion. Originally planned for completion in 2006, the date was postponed by two years after global terrorism concerns delayed growth of air traffic in the airport. On 30 May 2006, a topping out ceremony for the terminal was conducted, and an open house was held from 12 November 2007 to 9 December 2007. Test flights were held from 12 November until 3 January where the baggage handling, check-in and ground handling systems were tested. The terminal became operational on 9 January 2008 with Singapore Airlines (SQ1) from San Francisco, California via Hong Kong being the first flight to arrive at the new terminal at 1156 local time (0356 UTC) and SQ318 at 1315 local time (0515 UTC) being the first departing flight.^[5] The terminal increases the airport's maximum passenger capacity annually by 22 million, bringing the total annual capacity up to 70 million passengers. Also being constructed is a new full-service nine-story Crowne Plaza Hotel immediately adjacent to Terminal 3. Terrorist redirects here. ... is the 150th day of the year (151st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Topping out - symbol of this tradition in Poland Topping out is a ceremony done when the last beam is placed at the top of a building. ... is the 316th day of the year (317th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 343rd day of the year (344th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 316th day of the year (317th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 3rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... A Baggage Handling System (BHS) is a type of conveyor system installed in airports that transports checked luggage from ticket counters to areas where the bags can be loaded onto airplanes. ... Check-in is the process of announcing your arrival at a hotel, airport or sea port. ... is the 9th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance to the Gregorian calendar. ... San Francisco redirects here. ... Singapore observes a time zone eight hours ahead of UTC, (UTC+8), known as Singapore Standard Time or SGT. It is the same time zone as Australian Western Standard Time, Malaysian Standard Time, Chinese Standard Time and Hong Kong Time. ... Crowne Plaza is a chain of upscale hotels catering to the business/meetings market. ...

Changing needs in the aviation industry led to reviews in the master plan, resulting in the decision to cater to the high-end as well as budget sectors of the air travel industry. Although the pioneering airport to conceptualise and construct a Budget Terminal in Asia, it became operational on 26 March 2006 a few days after the opening of a similar terminal in Kuala Lumpur, and was officially opened on 31 October 2006. A dedicated stand-alone "Commercially Important Person" (CIP) terminal operated by JetQuay, started operations on 15 August 2006^[15] and officially opened on 29 September 2006.^[16] It is the first luxury airport terminal in Asia.^[17] March 26 is the 85th day of the year (86th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Nickname: Motto: Maju dan makmur (English: Progress and Prosper) Location in Malaysia Coordinates: , Country State Establishment 1857 Granted city status 1974 Government  - Mayor (Datuk Bandar) Datuk Abdul Hakim Borhan From 14 December 2006 Area  - Total 243. ... is the 304th day of the year (305th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the day of the year. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 272nd day of the year (273rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Even as new terminals are being built, the airport continuously upgrades and expands its existing terminals. Terminal 1 went through its first major refurbishment in 1995 at a cost of S$170 million, prior to the commencement of expansion works a year later to add 14 aerobridges at a cost of [S$420 million, which was completed in 1999. Terminal 2 was similarly expanded almost immediately after its opening in 1990, with the addition of two piers of aerobridges costing S$330 million and completed in 1996. In 2002, work commenced on the new Changi Airport Skytrain as well as the Terminal 2 building, and on 13 September 2006, the airport marked the completion of an extensive upgrade costing S$240 million in Terminal 2, which included an updated glass-fronted facade, interior decor, and terminal layout modifications. The Changi Airport Skytrain is a people mover system connecting Terminal 1 to Terminal 2 at Changi Airport, Singapore. ... is the 256th day of the year (257th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

With the impending arrival of the Airbus A380, the airport put into place modifications works costing S$60 million, which it has planned for since the late 1990s. These included the building of 19 gates capable of handling the large aircraft, eight of which are in Terminal 3. Baggage claim carousels, runways, and taxiways were expanded, and two new freighter aircraft stands and two remote aircraft parking stands built. 2 aircraft taxiway bridges spanning Airport Boulevard leading to the terminals also had shields installed on either side to shield the road from the jet blast. On 11 November 2005, the airport became the first outside Europe to receive the A380 for airport compatibility verification tests, and was the first in the world to have an operational triple-passenger loading bridge fit for trials. The Airbus A380 is a double-deck, wide-body, four-engine airliner manufactured by the European corporation Airbus, an EADS subsidiary. ... Baggage claim area at the Baltimore-Washington International Thurgood Marshall Airport. ... A Baggage carousel is the name given to a device, generally at an airport, that delivers checked luggage to the passengers at the baggage claim area at their final destination. ... A taxiway is a strip of land on an airport on which aircraft can roll (taxi) to or from a hangar, terminal, runway, or other facility. ... is the 315th day of the year (316th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... For other uses, see Europe (disambiguation). ...

Extensive upgrading works in Terminal 1 similar in scale to the recently completed works at Terminal 2 commenced in September 2007. Resurfacing works costing S$50m on its dual runways and older taxiways will also be conducted. Terminal 3 was tested in 2007 to prepare for its 2008 opening. Changi Airport will also continue to improve the security systems of Changi Airport such as access controls and surveillance systems to make the airport safer for travellers. Transport Minister Raymond Lim also added that the "software" of the airport had to be improved as well.^[18] For other uses, see Security (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Surveillance (disambiguation). ... In Singapore, the Ministry of Transport (MOT; Chinese: 交通部) is a governmental ministry that administer and regulates the land, sea and air transportation within the republic’s jurisdiction. ... Raymond Lim Siang Keat (林双吉, born 1959) is the Minister for Transport and the Second Minister for Foreign Affairs in Singapore as well as and a member of the Cabinet of Singapore. ...

In 2006, a short runway was opened for Changi Airbase (East) on the site, an interim measure in preparation for its eventual expansion for passenger flights. It will be the first element in what may double the area of the existing airport in the next few decades. The Changi Airbase (East) is a new facility extending the facilities of the existing Changi Airbase, the later of which was hence renamed Changi Airbase (West). ...

On March 6, 2008, Minister of State for Transport Lim Hwee Hua informed Parliament that Terminal 4 would be a confirmed expansion to Changi Airport. Details have not been released yet, but there is speculation that the new terminal could be located next to the airport's third runway, which is currently used for Republic of Singapore Air Force jets. Mrs. Lim also added that the budget terminal, which has handled 2.9 million passengers since it first opened in March 2006, would be expanding at a cost of S$10m. It will add 7 more check-in counters and 3 additional boarding gates as the budget terminal prepares to serve up to 9 airlines later in 2008. Today, the budget terminal is connected to 20 cities in the region - up from 12 in 2006 - by two low-cost carriers which form about 10 percent of Changi's passenger traffic.^[19] is the 65th day of the year (66th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance to the Gregorian calendar. ... The Republic of Singapore Air Force (RSAF, Chinese: 新加坡空军部队; Malay Angkatan Udara Republik Singapura) is the air force branch of the Singapore Armed Forces, established in 1968 as the Singapore Air Defence Command (SADC). ...

Accidents and incidents

Aircraft en route from Singapore

• 12 July 1988, a North American Rockwell CT-39E Sabreliner of the United States Navy departing for Subic Bay International Airport, the Philippines, crashed into the South China Sea. The crew were rescued by a Vietnamese fishing boat.^[20]

• 31 October 2000, Singapore Airlines Flight 006, a Boeing 747-400 from Singapore to Los Angeles, California via Taipei collided with runway equipment at Chiang Kai Shek International Airport, killing 83 out of 179 people on board.^[21]

is the 193rd day of the year (194th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1988 (MCMLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Friday (link displays 1988 Gregorian calendar). ... Rockwell International was the ultimate incarnation of a series of companies under the sphere of influence of Willard Rockwell, who had made his fortune after the invention and successful launch of a new bearing system for truck axles in 1919. ... The North American Sabreliner (later sold as the Rockwell Sabreliner) was developed by North American Aviation in response to the U.S. Air Forces Utility Trainer Experimental (UTX) program. ... USN redirects here. ... Subic Bay International Airport (Filipino: Paliparang Pandaigdig ng Look ng Subic) or SBIA (IATA: SFS, ICAO: RPLB) serves as a secondary airport and a main diversion airport of the Ninoy Aquino International Airport. ... Filipino name Tagalog: Timog Dagat Tsina (Dagat Luzon for the portion within Philippine waters) Malay name Malay: Laut China Selatan Portuguese name Portuguese: Mar da China Meridional Vietnamese name Vietnamese: The South China Sea is a marginal sea south of China. ... is the 304th day of the year (305th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2000 (MM) was a leap year starting on Saturday. ... Singapore Airlines Flight 006 was a scheduled flight from Singapore Changi Airport to Los Angeles International Airport via Chiang Kai-Shek Airport (now Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport) in Taiwan. ... The Boeing 747-400 is the latest version of the Boeing 747 in service. ... Los Angeles and L.A. redirect here. ... This article is about the city. ... Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport (IATA: TPE, ICAO: RCTP) (traditional Chinese: or ; simplified Chinese: ; Tongyong Pinyin: Táiwan Táoyuán Gúojì JichÇŽng, Pinyin: Táiwān Táoyuán Gúojì JÄ«chÇŽng), formerly Chiang Kai-shek International Airport (traditional Chinese: ; simplified Chinese: ; Tongyong Pinyin: Jhongjhèng...

Aircraft en route to Singapore

• 25 March 1991, Singapore Airlines Flight 117, an Airbus A310 that departed from Kuala Lumpur was hijacked by four men en route to Singapore. The hijackers wanted the plane refuelled so that they could fly to Australia. When the plane landed in Singapore, commandoes stormed the flight, killing the four Pakistani hijackers.^[20]

• 19 December 1997, SilkAir Flight 185, a Boeing 737-36N that took off from Soekarno-Hatta International Airport, Jakarta started a rapid descent, then broke up in flight and crashed into the Musi river delta. It has been suggested by the US National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) that the captain may have committed suicide by switching off both flight recorders and intentionally putting the Boeing 737 in a dive, possibly when the first officer had left the cockpit.^[20]

• 11 October 2007, a stowaway, Osama R.M. Shublaq from Palestine fell out of the undercarriage of Singapore Airlines Flight 119 from Kuala Lumpur. Airport police arrested him and was deported back to Malaysia a week later. The incident sparked concerns over security procedures at KLIA and the stowaway's background fueled terrorism concerns^[22][23].

is the 84th day of the year (85th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1991 (MCMXCI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar. ... On 26 March 1991, Singapore Airlines flight SQ 117, piloted by Captain Stanley Lim, took off from Subang Airport in Kuala Lumpur with 129 passengers and crew onboard at 1815 hrs. ... The Airbus A310 is a medium to long-range widebody airliner manufactured by Airbus S.A.S. It was Airbus second model to be introduced, and is a shortened derivative of the A300. ... Hijackers inside flightdeck of TWA Flight 847 Aircraft hijacking (also known as skyjacking and aircraft piracy) is the take-over of an aircraft, by a person or group, usually armed. ... is the 353rd day of the year (354th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the band, see 1997 (band). ... Silkair Flight 185 was a scheduled passenger service from Jakarta, Indonesia to Singapore. ... The Boeing 737 is a short to medium range, single aisle, narrow body jet airliner. ... , Inside Soekarno-Hatta International Airport Soekarno-Hatta International Airport (Indonesian: ) (IATA: CGK, ICAO: WIII) is the main airport serving the greater Jakarta area on the island of Java, Indonesia. ... Jakarta (also DKI Jakarta), is the capital and largest city of Indonesia. ... For other uses, see Flight (disambiguation). ... The Musi River is located in southern Sumatra, Indonesia. ... Nile River delta, as seen from Earth orbit. ... For other uses of terms redirecting here, see US (disambiguation), USA (disambiguation), and United States (disambiguation) Motto In God We Trust(since 1956) (From Many, One; Latin, traditional) Anthem The Star-Spangled Banner Capital Washington, D.C. Largest city New York City National language English (de facto)1 Demonym American... The National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) is an independent organization responsible for investigation of accidents involving aviation, highway, marine, pipelines and railroads in the United States. ... For other uses, see Suicide (disambiguation). ... Both side views of a cockpit voice recorder, one type of flight recorder A flight recorder is a recorder placed in an aircraft for the purpose of facilitating the investigation of an aircraft accident or incident. ... VC-10 (1960s) Airliner Cockpit. ... is the 284th day of the year (285th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... A stowaway (also stoweaway) is a person who travels illegally, by airplane, bus, ship or train. ... A 2003 satellite image of the region. ... Luftwaffe Junkers Ju 87s, with fixed conventional landing gear. ...

Management

Infrastructure

Infrastructure[9]
Departure Hall of Terminal 1
Taxiways
Length	25,300 m (83,000 ft)
Width	30 m (98 ft)
Passenger terminal buildings
Total
Floor area	1,045,020 m² (11,248,500 sq ft)
Handling capacity	c. 70 million passengers[24]
Parking bays	92 (aerobridge) 10 (contact) 42 (remote)
Terminal One
Opened	1 July 1981 (operational) 29 December 1981 (official)
Floor area	280,020 m² (3,014,100 sq ft)
Handling capacity	21 million passengers
Parking bays	29 (aerobridge) 16 (remote)
Terminal Two
Opened	22 November 1990 (operational) 1 June 1991 (official)
Floor area	358,000 m² (3,850,000 sq ft)
Handling capacity	23 million passengers
Parking bays	35 (aerobridge) 11 (remote)
Terminal Three
Opened	9 January 2008 (operational)
Floor area	380,000 m² (4,100,000 sq ft)
Handling capacity	22 million passengers
Parking bays	28 (aerobridge)
Terminal Four
Opened	To Be Confirmed
Floor area	To Be Confirmed}
Handling capacity	To Be Confirmed
Parking bays	To Be Confirmed
Budget Terminal
Opened	26 March 2006 (operational) 31 October 2006 (official)
Floor area	25,000 m² (270,000 sq ft)
Handling capacity	2.7 million passengers[25]
Parking bays	10 (contact)
JetQuay (CIP Terminal)
Opened	15 August 2006 (operational) 29 September 2006 (official)
Floor area	2,000 m² (22,000 sq ft)
Handling capacity
Parking bays	0

Given limited land resources, Singapore Changi Airport was conceptualised to function as the country's primary airport for the foreseeable future without the need for relocation or the building of another airport when passenger figures increased. Long-term plans for the airport thus gave physical provisions in the form of reclaimed land nearly equal in size to that of the existing airport, with enough space for two more runways and at least two new passenger terminal buildings. Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (1600 × 1200 pixel, file size: 580 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Singapore Changi Airport, Terminal 1, Departure Hall Taken by User:Sengkang of ENglish. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (1600 × 1200 pixel, file size: 580 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Singapore Changi Airport, Terminal 1, Departure Hall Taken by User:Sengkang of ENglish. ... is the 182nd day of the year (183rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... AUGUST 25 1981 US Marine Sean Vance is Born on the 25th of August {ear nav|1981}} Year 1981 (MCMLXXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link displays the 1981 Gregorian calendar). ... is the 363rd day of the year (364th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... AUGUST 25 1981 US Marine Sean Vance is Born on the 25th of August {ear nav|1981}} Year 1981 (MCMLXXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link displays the 1981 Gregorian calendar). ... is the 326th day of the year (327th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the year. ... is the 152nd day of the year (153rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1991 (MCMXCI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar. ... is the 9th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance to the Gregorian calendar. ... March 26 is the 85th day of the year (86th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 304th day of the year (305th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the day of the year. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 272nd day of the year (273rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

The master plan for the existing airport initially involved a dual-terminal and dual-runway configuration over two phases with provisions for another two passenger terminals in the near future. Phase 1 included the construction for the first passenger terminal, the first runway, 45 aircraft parking bays, support facilities and structures, including a large maintenance hangar, the first fire station, workshops and administrative offices, an airfreight complex, two cargo agents buildings, in-flight catering kitchens and an 78 m (260 ft) control tower. Construction for the second phase would commence immediately after the completion of Phase 1 and include the second runway, 23 new aircraft parking bays in addition to the existing 45 bays, a second fire station and a third cargo agent building.

Air traffic control tower

The Air traffic control tower (ATC) was constructed as part of Phase One of the Changi Airport redevelopment plan.

ATC frequencies:

• Singapore Delivery - 121.65 MHz
• Singapore Ground - 124.30 MHz, 121.72 MHz
• Singapore Tower - 118.60 MHz, 118.25 MHz
• Singapore Arrival - 119.30 MHz
• Singapore Approach - 120.30 MHz
• Automatic Terminal Information Service (ATIS) - 128.60 MHz

Automatic Terminal Information Service, or ATIS, is a continuous broadcast of recorded noncontrol information in busier terminal (i. ...

Runways

Changi Airport has two parallel runways, 02L/20R and 02C/20C, each 60 m (200 ft) wide and 4,000 m (13,123 ft) long. 02L/20R was completed and opened in 1981 as part of the airport's first phase. It has a displaced threshold of 740 m (2,400 ft) leaving the rest of the runway at 3,260 m (10,696 ft) long.^[2] 02C/20C, formerly 02R/20L, was built completely on reclaimed land and opened with phase 2, 1.6 km (0.99 mi) apart from 02L/20R. Both runways are equipped with four sets of instrument landing systems (ILS) to guide landing aircraft safely under all weather conditions. A displaced threshold is a runway threshold located at a point other than the physical end of the runway. ... Land reclamation is either of two distinct practices. ... The Localizer station at Hanover/Langenhagen International Airport in Hanover, Germany. ... MyTravel Airways Airbus A320 landing Landing is the last part of a flight, where a flying animal or aircraft returns to the ground. ...

A new parallel runway 02R/20L (named 01/19 when opened in 2004) was built 1.8 km (1.1 mi) to the east of 02C/20C, currently used only by Republic of Singapore Air Force aircraft as part of Changi Airbase (East).^[2] The new runway is expected to be extended and eventually be turned into a third runway for the airport in future expansion plans. The Republic of Singapore Air Force (RSAF, Chinese: 新加坡空军部队; Malay Angkatan Udara Republik Singapura) is the air force branch of the Singapore Armed Forces, established in 1968 as the Singapore Air Defence Command (SADC). ...

Passenger terminals

Changi Airport currently has five terminals. Terminals 1, 2 and 3 are directly connected with a common transit area, with airside passengers being able to freely move between the terminals without going through immigration. Transport within and between these three terminals is provided by people movers and the skytrain system, although it is also possible to walk between the terminals on foot for landside visitors. Situated beside Terminal 2 is JetQuay, which has its own check-in facilities for premium passengers and where transportation to aircraft in any of the other terminals are by personal buggy. The Budget Terminal, purpose-built for low-cost carriers, is physically separated from the main terminals towards the south, where connections are possible via a free shuttle bus service to Terminal 2. All five terminals currently have a handling capacity of 68.7 million passengers a year spread over an area of 1,045,020 m² (11,248,500 sq ft). Capacity will rise again to 73 million passengers a year when expansion works to the Budget Terminal are complete by early 2009. With regards to airport and passenger security, all three terminals conduct security checks before allowing passengers to enter the restricted area for departures whereas other airports such as Hong Kong International Airport only conduct such security checks after the passengers have cleared the customs/immigration checkpoint. A people mover is a fully-automated light rail or tram system. ... Changi Airport redirects here. ... A Ryanair Boeing 737-800 A low-cost carrier or low-cost airline (also known as a no-frills or discount carrier / airline) is an airline that offers generally low fares in exchange for eliminating many traditional passenger services. ... Chek Lap Kok Airport Traditional Chinese: Simplified Chinese: Hong Kong International Airport (IATA: HKG, ICAO: VHHH) is the main airport in Hong Kong. ...

Terminal 1

Swimming pool within the transit area of Terminal 1

Singapore Changi Airport's oldest terminal operated as the sole terminal from its opening on 1 July 1981 right up till the opening of Terminal 2 nine years later. Configured in a H-shaped layout to maximise the number of aerobridges which may be built, it underwent two major upgrading works over its lifespan. A major refurbishment was completed in 1995 at a cost of S$170 million and work to extend two finger piers to add 14 aerobridges at a cost of S$420 million took place from 1996 to 1999. Today, the terminal spans an area of 280,020 m² and can accommodate a maximum passenger capacity of 21 million passengers a year. Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1600x1200, 421 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Singapore Changi Airport User:Rob. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1600x1200, 421 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Singapore Changi Airport User:Rob. ... is the 182nd day of the year (183rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... AUGUST 25 1981 US Marine Sean Vance is Born on the 25th of August {ear nav|1981}} Year 1981 (MCMLXXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link displays the 1981 Gregorian calendar). ...

Plans to launch a new round of upgrading were in the pipeline, with Takenaka Corporation winning the contract to conduct the works from May 2008 to 2011. Costing S$500 million, it will be the terminals' biggest overhaul to date, involving works on its facade and halls under a theme called "Tropical City".^[26] Once completed, it will be the final Terminal to be upgraded to be on par with the newest Terminal 3, and the recently upgraded Terminal 2. Takenaka Corporation is the oldest Japanese architecture, engineering and construction firm. ...

Terminal 2

Terminal 2 opened on 22 November 1990 as part of Phase II in the original airport masterplan. Deploying a linear configuration parallel to the runways, it is located adjacent to Terminal 1 towards the south, and heralded the opening of the original skytrain system linking the two terminals via the landside. All Singapore Airlines and SilkAir flights shifted to the new terminal when it opened, along with several Southeast Asian careers including Malaysian Airlines, Philippine Airlines and Royal Brunei Airlines. They were joined by several airlines, some of which are allied to Singapore Airlines, in particular Air New Zealand and Lufthansa, both fellow Star Alliance members. Air France was a former user before moving back to Terminal 1. Other former users include Air Canada and Austrian Airlines, as well as Air New Zealand when it ceased operations to Changi in October 2006. Etihad Airways was the latest airline to operate from Terminal 2 when it commenced flights in September 2007. is the 326th day of the year (327th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the year. ... Malaysia Airlines is the national airline of Malaysia. ... Philippine Airlines (abbreviated PAL, PSE: PAL), also known historically as Philippine Air Lines, is the national airline of the Philippines. ... Royal Brunei Airlines Boeing 767-300 in the take off queue at London Heathrow Airport Royal Brunei Airlines (Malay: Penerbangan DiRaja Brunei, Jawi: ﻓﻧﺭﺑﺎڠن ﺩﻴﺮﺍﺝ ﺑﺮﻮﻧﻲ), or RBA, is the flag carrier airline of the Sultanate of Brunei. ... Boeing 747-400 Boeing 747-400 Air New Zealand Limited (ASX:, NZX: AIR, Air New Zealand) is a scheduled passenger airline based in Auckland, New Zealand, and the national flag carrier. ... Deutsche Lufthansa AG (ISIN: DE0008232125) (pronounced ) is the largest airline in Europe in terms of overall passengers carried (second is Air France - KLM), and the flag carrier of Germany. ... All Nippon Airways Aircraft with Star Alliance livery seen in 2006 South African Airways aircraft with Star Alliance livery, seen in 2006 US Airways Express (Republic Airlines) Embraer 170 at Sarasota-Bradenton International Airport in Star Alliance livery   Star Alliance is the largest and most awarded airline alliance, with the... Air France (formally Société Air France) is Europes largest airline company. ... Air Canada (TSX: AC.A, TSX: AC.B) is Canadas largest airline and flag carrier. ... Airbus A320 Fokker 70 (superseded colour scheme) Airbus A321-100 landing Austrian Airlines AG is the flag carrier airline of Austria, headquartered in Vienna. ... Etihad Airways (Arabic: الإتحاد, ʼal-Ê»itiħād) is the flag carrier of Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. ...

Terminal 2 is split into four sections with gate numbers carrying the letter of their section. The terminal hosts a cinema and a