Some early wagonways, such as the Gloucester and Cheltenham Railway, were primarily single track with crossing loops at frequent intervals. The crossing loops were arrangement to be in line of sight of one another, so that drivers in one direction could see if vehicles in the opposing direction were already in the single line section. The single line sections needed to be straight, so the profile of the line tended to be a series of chords rather than a smooth arc. Wagonways are the horses, equipment, and tracks used for hauling wagons which preceded steam powered railways. ... A crossing loop is a place on a single line railway where trains in opposing directions can cross each other. ... A chord of a curve is a geometric line segment whose endpoints both lie on the curve. ...
When a single track railway is converted to a double track railway, in some countries this is called duplication. The converse operation, converting a double track railway to single track, is known as singling.