The Sioux Wars were a series of conflicts between the United States and various subgroups of the Sioux people that occurred in the latter half of the 19th century. The earliest conflict came in 1854 when a fight broke out at Fort Laramie in Wyoming. Indian warriors killed 19 U.S. soldiers. (see Grattan Massacre). The U.S. exacted revenge the next year by killing approximately 100 Sioux in Nebraska. The Sioux (also: Lakota) are a Native American people. ... Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical) (18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1854 (MDCCCLIV) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... Grounds of Fort Laramie Fort Laramie, located in present-day Goshen County, Wyoming in the United States, was a significant 19th century trading post and later a military outpost of the United States Army. ... This article does not cite its references or sources. ... The Grattan massacre of August 17, 1854 occurred east of Fort Laramie, Nebraska Territory, USA (in present-day Goshen County, Wyoming). ... Official language(s) English Capital Lincoln Largest city Omaha Area  Ranked 16th  - Total 77,421 sq mi (200,520 km²)  - Width 210 miles (340 km)  - Length 430 miles (690 km)  - % water 0. ...

Sioux Uprising (1862)

A small conflict broke out in 1857 in Spirit Lake, Iowa, although it took several more years before a major eruption of violence would occur. Following food shortages in 1862, eastern Dakota bands began fighting with settlers in southwest Minnesota in what is popularly called the Sioux Uprising. Hundreds died in clashes, and thirty-eight Dakota men were hanged after it ended. Most of the Dakota people in Minnesota were rounded up and shipped west to Crow Creek Indian Reservation the next year. Chief Taoyateduta, known as Chief Little Crow The Sioux Uprising, also known as the Dakota Conflict or the U.S.-Dakota War of 1862, was an armed conflict between the United States and several eastern bands of the Dakota people (often referred to as the Santee Sioux) that began on... 1862 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... 1857 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... The town of Spirit Lake, in the Iowa Great Lakes region. ... 1862 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Capital Saint Paul Largest city Minneapolis Area  Ranked 12th  - Total 87,014 sq mi (225,365 km²)  - Width 250 miles (400 km)  - Length 400 miles (645 km)  - % water 8. ... Chief Taoyateduta, known as Chief Little Crow The Sioux Uprising, also known as the Dakota Conflict or the U.S.-Dakota War of 1862, was an armed conflict between the United States and several eastern bands of the Dakota people (often referred to as the Santee Sioux) that began on...

Red Cloud's War (1866–1868)

Red Cloud's War began in August 1865 when the U.S. military marched soldiers into the Powder River country of the Teton Sioux and their Cheyenne and Arapaho allies. The troops built roads and forts and began hunting Native Americans. The Sioux and their allies had seen the military take the Southern Cheyennes’ Colorado lands from them through unprovoked attacks on their villages at Sand Creek and the Washita River. But the Sioux were the most powerful tribe in the West and were determined to defend their lands. Red Clouds War started in 1865 and ended in 1868, it was the second War (after Little Crows war) to take place against the U.S, and was one of the Plains Indians first major sucesses in battle. ... 1866 (MDCCCLXVI) is a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar. ... 1868 (MDCCCLXVIII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a leap year starting on Friday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar. ... Red Clouds War started in 1865 and ended in 1868, it was the second War (after Little Crows war) to take place against the U.S, and was one of the Plains Indians first major sucesses in battle. ... 1865 (MDCCCLXV) is a common year starting on Sunday. ... The armed forces of the United States of America consist of the United States Army United States Navy United States Air Force United States Marine Corps United States Coast Guard Note: The United States Coast Guard has both military and law enforcement functions. ... The Powder River Country is depicted in red on a map of the western United States The Powder River Country refers to an area of the Great Plains in northeastern Wyoming in the United States. ... Lakota (also Lakhota, Teton, Teton Sioux) is the largest of the three languages of the Sioux, of the Siouan family. ... Cheyenne lodges with buffalo meat drying, 1870 For other uses, see Cheyenne (disambiguation). ... Scabby Bull, Arapaho 1806 Arapaho camp, ca. ... An Aani (Atsina) named Assiniboin Boy. ... Official language(s) English Capital Denver Largest city Denver Area  Ranked 8th  - Total 104,185 sq mi (269,837 km²)  - Width 280 miles (451 km)  - Length 380 miles (612 km)  - % water 0. ... Sand Creek may refer to: Sand Creek, Wisconsin Sand Creek Massacre This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... The Washita River forms in eastern Roberts County, Texas (35°38 N, 100°36 W) near the town of Miami, Texas in the Texas Panhandle. ... The Western United States, also referred to as the American West or simply The West, traditionally refers to the region constituting the westernmost states of the United States (see geographical terminology section for further discussion of these terms). ...

The Sioux and their allies, led by Red Cloud, a chief of the Oglala Sioux, attacked soldiers on the march and in their forts. On 21 December 1866, Crazy Horse, also an Oglala Sioux, created a decoy that led the soldiers of Fort Kearny into an ambush by 2000 of Red Cloud’s warriors. Every soldier was killed. Through his military defense and persistent refusal to sign a treaty until the forts were removed, Red Cloud forced the U.S. military out of the Powder River country in the summer of 1868. Red Cloud Red Cloud Red Cloud (Lakota: Makhpyia-luta), (1822 – December 10, 1909) was a war leader of the Oglala Lakota (Sioux). ... Alternative meaning: Lakota, Côte dIvoire is a département of Côte dIvoire. ... December 21 is the 355th day of the year (356th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1866 (MDCCCLXVI) is a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar. ... Crazy Horse (Lakota: T‘aÅ¡unka Witko, pronounced tkhashúnka witkó), (December 4, 1849 – September 5, 1877) was a respected member of the Oglala Sioux Native American tribe. ... 1868 (MDCCCLXVIII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a leap year starting on Friday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar. ...

Black Hills War (1876–1877)

By 1874, however, gold-hungry miners were making inroads into the Sioux’s Black Hills, and the military followed. This time, Sitting Bull of the Hunkpapa Sioux and Crazy Horse of the Oglalas led a resistance. The Sioux and their allies refused to give up their lands in a treaty, so the military ordered all Native Americans in the area to come to the agency or be killed. Many did not comply, and on 17 March 1876, General Crook attacked Two Moon’s Northern Cheyenne and Oglala village and then went after Crazy Horse’s and Sitting Bull’s people. The Sioux were alerted, and on 17 June, Crazy Horse and his warriors attacked Crook’s camp on the Rosebud River. General George Custer’s 7th cavalry, unaware of Crook's defeat, attacked the Sioux camp on the Greasy Grass River (Little Bighorn River) on 25 June. But the Sioux, led by Crazy Horse, defended their camp, killing Custer and all of his men. The Black Hills War was a United States civil war between the Lakota Native American tribe and the United States government from 1876 until 1877. ... 1876 (MDCCCLXXVI) was a leap year starting on Saturday. ... 1877 (MDCCCLXXVII) was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... 1874 (MDCCCLXXIV) was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... This article is about the place in South Dakota. ... Sitting Bull Sitting Bull Monument, Fort Yates, North Dakota. ... March 17 is the 76th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (77th in Leap years). ... 1876 (MDCCCLXXVI) was a leap year starting on Saturday. ... June 17 is the 168th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (169th in leap years), with 197 days remaining. ... George Armstrong Custer George Armstrong Custer (December 5, 1839 - June 25, 1876) was an American cavalry commander in the Civil War and the Indian Wars who is best remembered for his defeat and death at the Battle of the Little Bighorn against a coalition of Native American tribes, led by... The Little Bighorn River The Little Bighorn River is a tributary of the Bighorn River in the United States in the states of Wyoming and Montana. ... June 25 is the 176th day of the year (177th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 189 days remaining. ...

Despite the victory at the Little Bighorn, the U.S. intimidated Red Cloud and others into signing a treaty giving up the Black Hills and Powder River country. At the same time, the military continued to hunt the resistant Sioux and their allies, attacking American Horse’s village, as well as Dull Knife’s. By 1877, Sitting Bull was tired of running and took his people to Canada, while Crazy Horse and his people, also tired, hungry, and out of ammunition, finally surrendered at Fort Robinson. On 5 September 1877, Crazy Horse was killed when reservation police tried to imprison him after a misunderstanding had caused him to flee the reservation. American Horse (c. ... Morning Star, a. ... 1877 (MDCCCLXXVII) was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... Fort Robinson is a former U. S. Army post and a present-day state park in the Pine Ridge region of northwest Nebraska. ... September 5 is the 248th day of the year (249th in leap years). ... 1877 (MDCCCLXXVII) was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ...

Pine Ridge Campaign (1890–1891)

From November, 1890 to January, 1891 a number of unresolved grievances led to the last major conflict with the Sioux. A lopsided engagement that involved almost half the infantry and cavalry of the Regular Army caused the surviving warriors to lay down their arms and retreat to their reservations. The Pine Ridge Campaign (November, 1890–January, 1891) was the result of a number of unresolved grievances which led to the last major conflict with the Sioux. ... 1890 (MDCCCXC) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar). ... 1891 (MDCCCXCI) was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ...

Wounded Knee Massacre (1890)

That fall, the Sioux were moved to a large reservation in the Dakota Territory, but the government pressured them to sign a treaty giving up much of their land. Sitting Bull had returned from Canada and held together the Sioux resistance for a few years. But in the summer of 1889, the reservation agent, James McLaughlin, was able to secure the Sioux’s signatures by keeping the final treaty council a secret from Sitting Bull. The treaty broke up their 35,000 acres (142 km²) into six small reservations. Combatants Sioux United States Commanders Big Foot† James W. Forsyth Strength 120 men 230 women and children 500 men Casualties 153 killed 50 wounded 150 missing 25 killed 39 wounded The Wounded Knee Massacre was the last major armed conflict between the Lakota Sioux and the United States, subsequently described... 1890 (MDCCCXC) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar). ... Reservation is something reserved. ... Dakota Territory was the name of the northernmost part of the Louisiana Purchase of the United States. ... 1889 (MDCCCLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ...

In October 1890, Kicking Bear and Short Bull brought the Sioux one last hope of resistance. They taught them the Ghost Dance, something they had learned from a Paiute medicine man. He told them that in the spring, the earth would be covered with a new layer of soil that would bury the white men while the Native Americans who did the Ghost Dance would be suspended in the air. The grass and the buffalo would return, along with the ghosts of their dead ancestors. The Ghost Dance movement spread across western reservations. The U.S. government considered it a threat and sent out its military. 1890 (MDCCCXC) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar). ... Kicking Bear (Mato Wanartaka) was a band chief of the Oglala Sioux who fought in several battles during the War for the Black Hills, including the Battle of Little Big Horn. ... Short Bull, a member of the Sicangu (Brulé) Lakota tribe of Native Americans, was born in about 1845. ... The Ghost Dance by the Ogalala Lakota at Pine Ridge Noted in historical accounts as the Ghost Dance of 1890, the Ghost Dance was a religious ritual incorporated into numerous Native American belief systems beginning in 1889. ... Paiute women and children in Yosemite Valley 1891. ... Medicine man is an English term used to describe Native American religious figures; such individuals are analogous to shamans. ... Binomial name Bison bison (Linnaeus, 1758) Subspecies B. b. ... ...

On the Sioux reservations, McLaughlin had Kicking Bear arrested, while Sitting Bull’s arrest on 15 December 1890, resulted in a struggle between reservation police and Ghost Dancers in which Sitting Bull was killed. Two weeks later, the military intercepted Big Foot’s band of Ghost Dancers. They were Minneconjou Sioux, mostly women who had lost husbands and other male relatives in the wars with the U.S. military. When Colonel Forsyth tried to disarm the last Minneconjou of his rifle, a shot broke out and the surrounding soldiers opened fire. Hotchkiss guns shredded the camp on Wounded Knee Creek, killing, according to one estimate, 300 of 350 men, women, and children. December 15 is the 349th day of the year (350th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1890 (MDCCCXC) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar). ... The Hotchkiss gun can refer to different products of the Hotchkiss arms company starting in the late 1800s. ... Wounded Knee Creek is a tributary of the White River, approximately 50 mi (80 km) long, in southwestern South Dakota in the United States. ...

See also

• Apache Wars
• Sioux Uprising

The Apache Wars were fought during the nineteenth century between the U.S. military and many western tribes. ... Chief Taoyateduta, known as Chief Little Crow The Sioux Uprising, also known as the Dakota Conflict or the U.S.-Dakota War of 1862, was an armed conflict between the United States and several eastern bands of the Dakota people (often referred to as the Santee Sioux) that began on...

Resources

• Lavender, David. The Rockies. Revised Edition. N.Y.: Harper & Row, 1975.
• Limerick, Patricia Nelson. The Legacy of Conquest: The Unbroken Past of the American West. N.Y.: W.W. Norton, 1987.
• Smith, Duane A. Rocky Mountain West: Colorado, Wyoming, & Montana, 1859-1915. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1992.
• Williams, Albert N. Rocky Mountain Country. N.Y.: Duell, Sloan & Pearce, 1950.

External links

• Dakota Blues: The History of The Great Sioux Nation
• Sioux Wars