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The Sitka Spruce (Picea sitchensis) is a large evergreen tree growing to 50-70 m tall, exceptionally to 96 m tall, and with a trunk diameter of up to 5 m. It is by far the largest species of spruce, and the third tallest conifer species in the world (after Coast Redwood and Coast Douglas-fir). Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1024x768, 273 KB) Picea sitchensis 50-55 m tall, planted at Kyloe, Northumberland, Britain - photo MPF File links The following pages link to this file: Sitka Spruce User talk:Pekinensis ...
The conservation status of a species is an indicator of the likelihood of that species continuing to survive either in the present day or the future. ...
Image File history File links Status_iucn2. ...
Least Concern (LC) is an IUCN category assigned to species or lower taxa which do not qualify for any other category. ...
Scientific classification or biological classification is a method by which biologists group and categorize species of organisms. ...
Divisions Green algae Chlorophyta Charophyta Land plants (embryophytes) Non-vascular plants (bryophytes) Marchantiophyta—liverworts Anthocerotophyta—hornworts Bryophyta—mosses Vascular plants (tracheophytes) †Rhyniophyta—rhyniophytes †Zosterophyllophyta—zosterophylls Lycopodiophyta—clubmosses †Trimerophytophyta—trimerophytes Pteridophyta—ferns and horsetails Seed plants (spermatophytes) †Pteridospermatophyta—seed ferns Pinophyta—conifers Cycadophyta—cycads Ginkgophyta—ginkgo Gnetophyta—gnetae Magnoliophyta—flowering plants...
Orders & Families Cordaitales †Pinales Pinaceae - Pine family Araucariaceae - Araucaria family Podocarpaceae - Yellow-wood family Sciadopityaceae - Umbrella-pine family Cupressaceae - Cypress family Cephalotaxaceae - Plum-yew family Taxaceae - Yew family Vojnovskyales †Voltziales †The conifers, division Pinophyta, also known as division Coniferae, are one of 13 or 14 division level taxa within the...
Orders & Families Cordaitales †Pinales Pinaceae - Pine family Araucariaceae - Araucaria family Podocarpaceae - Yellow-wood family Sciadopityaceae - Umbrella-pine family Cupressaceae - Cypress family Cephalotaxaceae - Plum-yew family Taxaceae - Yew family Vojnovskyales †Voltziales †The conifers, division Pinophyta, also known as division Coniferae, are one of 13 or 14 division level taxa within the...
Families Pinaceae, pine family Araucariaceae, araucaria family Podocarpaceae, yellow-wood family Phyllocladaceae Sciadopityaceae, umbrella-pine family Cupressaceae, cypress family Cephalotaxaceae, plum-yew family Taxaceae, yew family The Order Pinales in the Division Pinophyta, Class Pinopsida comprises all the extant conifers. ...
Genera Subfamily Pinoideae Pinus - pines (about 115 species) Subfamily Piceoideae Picea - spruces (about 35 species) Subfamily Laricoideae Cathaya (one species) Larix - larches (about 14 species) Pseudotsuga - douglas-firs (five species) Subfamily Abietoideae Abies - firs (about 50 species) Cedrus - cedars (two to four species) Pseudolarix - golden larch (one species) Keteleeria (three...
Species About 35; see text. ...
In biology, binomial nomenclature is the formal method of naming species. ...
August Gustav Heinrich von Bongard (1786-1839) was a German botanist, who worked at Saint Petersburg, Russia. ...
Elie-Abel Carrière (1818–1896) was a French botanist, based in Paris. ...
A Silver Fir shoot showing three successive years of retained leaves In botany, an evergreen plant is a plant which retains its leaves year-round, with each leaf persisting for more than 12 months. ...
The coniferous Coast Redwood, the tallest tree species on earth. ...
Species About 35; see text. ...
Binomial name Sequoia sempervirens (D. Don) Endl. ...
Binomial name Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb. ...
 Quinault Lake Spruce, largest in the world |
 Foliage, showing the blue-green undersides of the needles |
 Foliage, mature seed cone and (centre) old pollen cone | | | | | The bark is thin and scaly, flaking off in small circular plates 5-20 cm across. The crown is broad conic in young trees, becoming cylindric in older trees; old trees may have no branches in the lowest 30-40 m. The shoots are very pale buff-brown, almost white, and glabrous (hairless) but with prominent pulvini. The leaves are stiff, sharp and needle-like, 15-25 mm long, flattened in cross-section, dark glaucous blue-green above with two or three thin lines of stomata, and blue-white below with two dense bands of stomata. ImageMetadata File history File links Download high resolution version (620x775, 258 KB) Summary Quinault Lake Spruce Description: This is the third largest Sitka spruce, Picea sitchensis, in the world with a wood volume of 298 cubic meters (10,540 cu. ...
ImageMetadata File history File links Download high resolution version (620x775, 258 KB) Summary Quinault Lake Spruce Description: This is the third largest Sitka spruce, Picea sitchensis, in the world with a wood volume of 298 cubic meters (10,540 cu. ...
Image File history File links Picea_sitchensis4. ...
Image File history File links Picea_sitchensis4. ...
Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (538x685, 274 KB) Picea sitchensis cone and foliage File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Sitka Spruce ...
Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (538x685, 274 KB) Picea sitchensis cone and foliage File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Sitka Spruce ...
Sitka Spruce forest in the Olympic Mountains - NPS photo from [1] File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ...
Sitka Spruce forest in the Olympic Mountains - NPS photo from [1] File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ...
The Olympic Mountains The Olympic Mountains are a mountain range on the Olympic Peninsula of western Washington in the United States. ...
Official language(s) English Capital Olympia Largest city Seattle Area Ranked 18th - Total 71,342 sq mi (184,827 km²) - Width 240 miles (385 km) - Length 360 miles (580 km) - % water 6. ...
Young Sitka Spruce in a forestry plantation in Britain - photo User:MPF File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ...
Young Sitka Spruce in a forestry plantation in Britain - photo User:MPF File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ...
Sitka Spruce growing in Kielder Forest Kielder Forest is a large forestry plantation in Northumberland. ...
// This article is about crop plantations. ...
For other meanings of bark, see Bark (disambiguation). ...
“Foliage†redirects here. ...
This is not about surgically created bowel openings; see stoma (medicine) In botany, a stoma (also stomate; plural stomata) is a tiny opening or pore, found mostly on the undersurface of a plant leaf, and used for gas exchange. ...
The cones are pendulous, slender cylindrical, 5-11 cm long and 2 cm broad when closed, opening to 3 cm broad. They have thin, flexible scales 15-20 mm long; the bracts just above the scales are the longest of any spruce, occasionally just exserted and visible on the closed cones. They are green or reddish, maturing pale brown 5-7 months after pollination. The seeds are black, 3 mm long, with a slender, 7-9 mm long pale brown wing. Mature female European Black Pine cone Male cones of a pine A cone (in formal botanical usage: strobilus, plural strobili) is an organ on plants in the division Pinophyta (conifers) that contains the reproductive structures. ...
A ripe red jalapeño cut open to show the seeds For other uses, see Seed (disambiguation). ...
Range Sitka Spruce is native to the west coast of North America, with its northwestern limit on Kodiak Island, Alaska, and its southeastern limit near Fort Bragg in northern California (Griffin & Critchfield 1972). It is closely associated with the temperate rain forests and is found within a few kilometers of the coast in the southern portion of its range. North of Oregon, its range extends inland along river floodplains, but nowhere does its range extend more than 80 km from the Pacific Ocean and its inlets. World map showing North America A satellite composite image of North America. ...
Kodiak Island is a large island on the south coast of the U.S. state of Alaska, separated from the Alaska mainland by the Shelikof Strait. ...
Official language(s) English Capital Juneau Largest city Anchorage Area Ranked 1st - Total 663,267 sq mi (1,717,855 km²) - Width 808 miles (1,300 km) - Length 1,479 miles (2,380 km) - % water 13. ...
Pudding Creek Trestle Aerial view of the southern section of Fort Bragg and the mouth of the Noyo River. ...
Official language(s) English Capital Sacramento Largest city Los Angeles Area Ranked 3rd - Total 158,302 sq mi (410,000 km²) - Width 250 miles (400 km) - Length 770 miles (1,240 km) - % water 4. ...
Temperate rain forest in the Mount Hood Wilderness, Oregon, United States. ...
More than a century of logging has left only a remnant of the spruce forest. The largest trees were cut long before careful measurements could be made. Trees over 90 m tall may still be seen in the Pacific Rim National Park on Vancouver Island, British Columbia (the Carmanah Giant, at 96 m tall the tallest tree in Canada), and in the Olympic National Park, Washington and Prairie Creek Redwoods State Park, California (USA); two at the last site are just over 96 m tall. The Queets Spruce is the largest in the world with a wood volume of 337 cubic meters (10,540 cu. ft.). It is located near the Queets River in Olympic National Park, about 27 km (16 miles) from the Pacific Ocean. The Quinault Lake Spruce (left) is the third largest in the world with a wood volume of 298 cubic meters (10,540 cu. ft.). It is located near the eastern tip of Lake Quinault north of Aberdeen, Washington, about 39 km (24 miles) from the Pacific Ocean. Pacific Rim National Park is a Canadian national park made up of three separate regions: Long Beach, the Broken Group Islands, and the West Coast Trail. ...
Vancouver Island is separated from mainland British Columbia by the Strait of Georgia and the Queen Charlotte Strait, and from Washington by the Juan De Fuca Strait. ...
Motto: Splendor Sine Occasu (Latin: Splendour without diminishment) Capital Victoria Largest city Vancouver Official languages English Government - Lieutenant-Governor Iona Campagnolo - Premier Gordon Campbell (BC Liberal) Federal representation in Canadian Parliament - House seats 36 - Senate seats 6 Confederation July 20, 1871 (6th province) Area Ranked 4th - Total 944,735 km...
Olympic National Park is located in the U.S. state of Washington, in the far northwestern part of the state known as the Olympic Peninsula. ...
Official language(s) English Capital Olympia Largest city Seattle Area Ranked 18th - Total 71,342 sq mi (184,827 km²) - Width 240 miles (385 km) - Length 360 miles (580 km) - % water 6. ...
The Coastal redwood is the tallest tree species on Earth. ...
Official language(s) English Capital Sacramento Largest city Los Angeles Area Ranked 3rd - Total 158,302 sq mi (410,000 km²) - Width 250 miles (400 km) - Length 770 miles (1,240 km) - % water 4. ...
Olympic National Park is located in the U.S. state of Washington, in the far northwestern part of the state known as the Olympic Peninsula. ...
Lake Quinault is a lake on the Olympic Peninsula in western Washington state. ...
Tribute to Kurt Cobain in Aberdeen. ...
Sitka Spruce is a long-lived tree, with individuals over 700 years old known. Because it grows rapidly under favorable conditions, large size may not indicate exceptional age. The Queets Spruce has been estimated to be only 350 to 450 years old, but adds more than a cubic meter of wood each year (Van Pelt, 2001).
A unique specimen with golden foliage that used to grow on the Queen Charlotte Islands, known as Kiidk'yaas, is sacred to the Haida Native American people. It was illegally felled, although saplings grown from cuttings can now be found near its original site. Leaving Skidegate Inlet aboard BC Ferries M/V Queen of Prince Rupert The Queen Charlotte Islands or Haida Gwaii are an archipelago off the northwest coast of British Columbia, Canada, consisting of two main islands, Graham Island in the North, and Moresby Island in the south, and approximately 150 smaller...
Kiidkyaas or Kiid Kiyaas (ancient tree) was a Sitka Spruce tree, Picea sitchensis Aurea, that grew on the banks of the Yakoun River in Haida Gwaii (Queen Charlotte Islands), British Columbia. ...
The Haida are an Indigenous nation of the west coast of North America. ...
A Hupa man. ...
Uses Sitka Spruce is of major importance in forestry for timber and paper production. It is used widely in piano, harp, violin, and guitar manufacture, as its high strength-to-weight ratio and regular, knot-free rings make it an excellent conductor of sound. The Steinway and Sons piano company is well known for using exclusively Sitka spruce soundboards in its pianos. The harp company, Lyon and Healy, is well known for it use of Sitka spruce for the soundboard of their harps as well. This wood is an important material for homebuilt aircraft for the same reasons. A decidous beech forest in Slovenia. ...
Timber in storage for later processing at a sawmill Timber is a term used to describe wood, either standing or that has been processed for use—from the time trees are felled, to its end product as a material suitable for industrial use—as structural material for construction or wood...
A blank sheet of paper Paper is a commodity of thin material produced by the amalgamation of fibers, typically vegetable fibers composed of cellulose, which are subsequently held together by hydrogen bonding. ...
A short grand piano, with the top up. ...
The violin is a bowed string instrument with four strings tuned in perfect fifths. ...
This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ...
Steinway & Sons is a piano manufacturing firm, currently based in New York and Hamburg, Germany. ...
The sounding board is the largest part of a string musical instruments body. ...
A Rutan Long-EZ homebuilt in 1984 in England Also known as amateur-built aircraft, homebuilt aircraft are constructed by persons for whom this is not a professional activity. ...
Outside of its native range, it is particularly valued for its fast growth on poor soils and exposed sites where few other trees can be grown successfully; in ideal conditions young trees may grow 1.5 m per year. It is naturalized in some parts of Britain where it was introduced in 1831 (Mitchell, 1978) and New Zealand, though not so extensively as to be considered an invasive weed tree. This article cites very few or no references or sources. ...
Newly grown tips of Sitka Spruce branches are used to flavour spruce beer and are boiled to make syrup. Insert non-formatted text hereSpruce beer can be either of two kinds of fermented beverages. ...
In cooking, a syrup (from Arabic شراب sharab, beverage, via Latin siropus) is a thick, viscous liquid, containing a large amount of dissolved sugars, but showing little tendency to deposit crystals. ...
The root bark of Sitka Spruce trees is used in Native Alaskan basket-weaving designs. Alaskan Natives are Aboriginal Americans who live in Alaska. ...
References and external links - Conifer Specialist Group (1998). Picea sitchensis. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN 2006. Retrieved on 06 May 2006.
- Van Pelt, R. 2001. Forest Giants of the Pacific Coast. University of Washington Press. ISBN 0-295-98140-7.
- Griffin, J. R. & Critchfield, W. B. 1976. Distribution of forest trees in California. USDA Forest Service Research Paper PSW-82: 23-24, 75.
- Mitchell, A. 1978. Trees of Britain & Northern Europe. Collins Field Guide. HarperCollins. London. ISBN 0-00-219213-6
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